Gmoup A'

betueen Euphoate tvert SuMertan Civillsatio

developed.

Durin 2800- a360 Be peiod Unk dyresty uled over Suer

Assyatan Society thene see

Citize as and Hhe shaves.
Independet
Second peloponnetan took place Cn 431- 4oy Bc.
In Hhe naMe of zeug olympees gome tertehe
Greek Cevtlc zation.

Hoang
The of Dao' is - Way
The Geal Bath ts found èn the cty of MohenJodaro.
|Dagaran Shahne d'scovemed he Harapan Cèvekaion.
There te Here in He
the Rey Veda.
 OThe Akkrdin empiné coas an ancieat Semitle emptree ceatetcd
Akkad and
an ceent Mesopetammy whteh united all the ndéye nou
Akkadia Speckeng Semctes and 4the Sumerian speckerg
unde one ule Fmptne,
empine, ongueeA
>king Sargm Consoktdaled hes,
Several Keiong new teei
Akkodeaq
by
Pouen by tnst ateng
- tor~es.
experiereed SucEssful
a period of cimatec
The Akkadian eMpiRe
(onguet urden Nartam- Scn due 4o bencgn. 8 the Confisea
Cordètton, Hege aqnicultutal Sutplure.,
-tion wealth.

collapsed after the tnvesion of the

The empire
hutianS. also Conteebuted to inkennal
ckimatte Condetiony
frogmeatttog, 8 the emperte
evehuaK
rtivoltces
Splet empire South.
the
Baáylanian emplee
(b The Babylonian people foltenwed Semètie cuture 8 they
gaèned cortol Mesopotama after thecn Supergacy
OVer he Akkadis, The term Babylonono (neddeg
SuMeRany othen
4he Mcxed Cetue of Semtfes
dèvertye elements,
’ They adopted the SumenÈan's Curt fortm asrettn,
developed ct futhem.
> The ton and the temples housed, Aebantes. Men
atke
wemen otke e tned
leanned t0 Raad
 Most Pabylonan idenafee tons Atandaled
fhom the orteginal texls. s the Anoqyige conttnues
etatn Stumpeo,

tilnmeshi.
The exploe 4he
tthe eptes
epc,, templs weme made
the hetr Vesey
exictance 4his

Another fom of Balyonian eBenaluee eonsisked og

reme
Mpde ltematurey, whech Inckuded psalams, yns
3 pitayeres, The Balblontan developes Lnan caleaken
to Preedict he Movement ot the
lanets.

Ziagumats a fortm fof Monumetal aiechetechue

ort gènading en anedent Mesepeotamnta whieh wseualy had
baye and
eclangan
Steps upto fhat plalonn pen
tatsed.
tempke
The
fooere,
sletegg Aeke
> Ziggunat 4e tenple E at Entduy
Athe hite' henple
(03
 zinguals closs, las
ben
tie the emengence Lndian
same.
Tes ociehy ocupatioo
becane oederobowe oRdeut
tao Mantial Seach celtbacy
es
thal
aAen
lfe
cf brog
ezample y Sankct
name ofthe
teasured.
in
fuagmeat te
4o
be onky temphes nto is Schokaegexplote
the
is 44 upon
to
Sceence fot
ltoe conctretuucteon, And the
diveded the
the dapert
meaneoA
these Manyfor uptointenpretateon con
depeneim
divés
AshreaMaS
ortgantsed
pamed Aet class
up delvèning
tucurte
enthy
chas by put taken
VannaSho
Dharma.
Mo
e leles
Relpevegon'
pemiod dater of ¿nhert
s
oloeks
peeo
Kavges Study
tobeog
Ohan out ohAy
Sagethe The uponbeen
cass.
emergenee
ptoductive
Intele
ahich posstble
Dlhanmofhe
dèvesion
al
Sai
Uneck havebeen foue
the s the Semi-
Sociely touched ehrana
hate Z'squnak Man
Sociel has Varnaehrama
meaNcng
+he rto nuneeation.
tte
UcNaMHus fert order
the Samveved varteusVana Vamna famtdg
Ceten
Naan teb Peodec Hhe Society
whehStages
To
> to
 he
etolehmetl
regarlded prpudateo,
the the co
S
o¢
gation Soeiety
<n ed
Sha
Women ditane.
kong Soondege.
Soceey
but n nishe
Vanonshrtama
Sytei o 4het vet
by
nen,
ights he
Soicey
ton
are ortqao the aartee equal
4he hey potat
Sotiely helP few
poweR Women
Sophisticated
divèssèe overe
tuhed Civeliratton,
Heytoiny Soceol
powet he
cn have
VerrSe teuld had civelTtisn
ver
heede -c
thet
8
he
indeligeay 1200 ,
own
ptoperehy
oreld and
Companati
vey
a
prtopercty
4he pretege
cHizens. by volent
pre
equal cèvilieateon
Aoceent
In
to GroupGneek but Meopotamtan
(o5)
refetanee scale
VeeuA functeon
Vaena
those sriothy Male
ancient tighis
soctety
thet
the This
phase
o
dlferteat
Socce
Aarye ’Mareae >
They
Could
fdrest to
tn eanle
patison extenseve
the
here Women a cient
an
The
Made Com the 6e
 dependeoe.
nanely
qunanteed
coMmtctal
penalhy attent
4hat qenemal
feneQ
lega
tertms
Identit
esof women's
pace
Screbes
professionel deah fore
of
wag tn wort taken freaeat.
onpharns
complete tn n
adulte* wrte
fanctent
Meopotmea
puepote eplele
+heHesuytee
Congiderreg
busineys Hhe offens
cve
.
a
Bet
n general. ove. ats wene vote,
ond Aqu consedered het heldeen arte
Çoutees
prse
Atsynian wifely
duliey
hen Code
conscdered to
’The
hasbands
Sexu wsuehg
wtdos
become eakert unable
A )InHsMmunabe's home
hen Aoa
tasless
The nd Reaeing
the
and
o the a
> epemale
Justice ) fot unbiased.
Rememoe
’They lBowever
towdG They
Ac'vorce
both Ahe
 his Aecodina
chelda prtotectton
mund chiom
coag Com sate cse
hts
teligtous Soctal
oreden esett
verty
t ho knoledge.
Le Contem
port
ancient
and Concenned
tn
g chinese.
famteacht Impnove
ene
doct
heud
net
lena,
the
1nfluential
8C, e Sabiects,
of 551 the qire
oe the
wes loveit's Can
for Monnet
phidoopieres of
of tespect Cn Seorech to
laetoy
Mat
bomnHe Peaces defe eoe vèctor
Bendkha believed
He
Society that the
Soceey
believe unlèmttea
an te
+he famey g
the tate
Acotdia%oelforte
8
mortalitt
femous
He
wd henhen fhe dèsccplèned.
el
of
the houtan in¢luened
those the
agacnt
respectalhe fort
Value. Con
fasis)
Hhe onhy fort
fort vèrtue,
Conluctanlsm
ts
>ConuSug believe as
phtlosopy of +heboth
stte
Mehavtrt
9reatly
hemStnceeky Carce
ex<te a Pewert
Pouwer
a foe 4hat ’He
tn He t0 the toe
 ’ ConfRinism helieves toto ancestoe
believes tüoreshtp 8 huas
Centeed vtues br live ny a peaefl lile.The
lden Rle Confuccanit is - ( Do not do unte
coutd not cthers to do unto you)
There is debate ever confuranism ts
Cindeetoo
Con fueianism
and ivng cotth
to efe
an
ethtcal gue
haaet
is neme 46 confuaioan'sy
Whie
not Hhe person to diseus many e
\Mpoetant (oncerts tn ConfustantsM.
Mot
Con fuceanism
InfAuenteal phidosophees
The Comctia Centuniata, way One oE three mojorL

ligistatte bodies en the Roman Re pu lic The roman

Republe Came nto eistan ce in roq BCE Af ter
fco movy te last Etus Can Kig fhom Powen
toweter ttt was
was Ertuscan key
Sevius Tuuius
who between ss-4 BCE a cetod
Comtiq Certiata as means to or antze
atn the pol'tical Supporrt f bis melitay.
’1he (antuciate Asembly Inttially iveded 'is
membery ino 193 atoups 6 loo Calod Centreiag. Houw
- 0ver inot evary Centuuu WaS
wealthi Were placed
CHizens Centuccy
head of pooe euntuiay. Thes Prace Can be
tnaced lback to the CK oation 0f Comitia
 -lative ? Ihe Valuable
7n Rometo
bodiesmombang g in
1he onlhowþlebes Tho Cunitia whene lo plTheemacydttssues The an hae
wealthien Poorer Citizens
cal magis Once the
C Conetra 2 nd issue wta
jand heck mattorg In ele sush
(entniate Simelar amayoety
boyhe ts legis t'ssue,hen he Hhten
C Same
onty Rome's ll enduias, Would
atic a îeibuda lative ,
s as got Centuray
nd plebens
d}enont Roman &nd Spcit,
eabest It o
intec t wèalhcen
telaut
de 1he of enturia lanefe!
balan ConcilTum aSsemblg cund
Ctzong da
bt a n ci tig ed Votes
Ces Couwd wa s ch pooen Soua thein he
fnonm aSSembly On Ae Rome
enate of Scme (nSpiod by wwog Wer e wealthien Citizens
plebis ould be )ould
vole, lar
mattns CentuiayVeling
cn votes than
he the Could th e teeache
wene and vote agreement cso vote
meg Conetra 1he do nder moetAo Come' ta OFten landownerg he (ould
theire the it a ladeg
s2lectingtaws on be
Part
assenbis. t s Cometta he
Counct the Coreicq fore Poorr Weremo
e
Trebuda tast Tr e i Tmportant ended hile af{fond
oY eleced Roman vo4e lo a the oner
the of buta, fo r a voteng Shegge Poman
leges
4h on be bote
igo foe b
 Butcatin vedte
tue al-less ConSttutt'on
e4cVodtcnatue: Spent The
Stmpu 7lheman-lnaSwl'ch dupnano Ohen he
1he R venence These theSe towrrighe he
inthe .no Seay tete otegin
thetn heKt evenchangtng
l t
Iq produ
.Thore kyang encinclcng nnontfestod
grou nol he
laton Lost utou
tinatue.
me of ti's of was
he'sty toWoghtp
geneeay fe Ce
moutain on
e 4inaism
amed ba thSCtous he's
ge heie god hat
.The
The lref a
a he
the ual
tselfvodic and maRoman
s
yajnag of the Aryons of ne
loay andpeots ss Can 1ly
Ancr'en thhegods Ahe Scages
pheromena bounties wttulluree
th o Constttutcon
be
ang pejonfeed nature he led vtr'e vealeo unwntBen
Came o woaSheppe Vayt cn
tn ita
&plendou a
people he thein ed c
licaded
tyoremor vrlizci ee Anspied
wth geenf ie of was the
natureytoral chanting tevtne to and 1he
tepla powes va their
alt' byaule them ey Statevodc
of Contanty Romon
;Suny t Soany bourHsd, Veay
e of
teeligia cge
Stmple cod of ind and vedi F
 beleveltohc, Cive'lta tmpolyt dang-che-kea
talégion
graduoly he
haveny
a enquindhe andthen for iadb.
Vanco SnCe of Contibeted
ad he d reelRtondoathnl
eivelizadeon
men ard t develope a Pae ed Two
adma lody ped ir
eetstence
the ph'losophey
and he the
of doadCaute in lo
deve Countey: grady
otWeen Commen tuay the
Sotroty theeedic lëfe Conceettheiebo
st of of
last
rec Ceeadcon Aeaves ay pro
Conttnu0uy
moals
.1hus
the bonae (ass lake buen
waten Boule Wes
one
t
Corenuo the isoladed und had
ador the the elsehero. alOays
of he and it Ho valiep()
mede tn la Priesty or
tnthe he to the th Won Congedoradan Hang
tuach o oa
Ccvcliizadon
many mind of puachedod to had Were the
hes ouldImmocl
he u he as
the t und tebon aneand
pecds
echly to he
as jas
and the csfto ingusltive tryansag of
and Chinese loped
of ag upanz'shads then
(hena
uand boyond cQactin cal 4he ts pagt
Civclzatcon
thy deve
desset ness vantouy Sou
h'losopke' oly be
9fuedhethe Chinege
he
and
fo brcaanConsianed to ancat4henTh kivejof
Chea
a hando
Came Wentthis >ns >1he trohe had-hem dios tton
P ’
Rrneta ovoq Shang or
Chincsch.rng. 2169C.tbe chea. wag ig
u for
agrit about n th Ao
ho
Power
Ihe testoeial led thelho H to Bc netty
poDurful
uged doveloped u undon
ton facrlitatod
ovo*cho or 122Bc to Came cy
algo for and of te'tle eentung
eonuny oy
d Dynastg nejn tuledkcgy Dynaty
knon
Civil woe. fexst Chcna d chcn
adton Chr'o to220-c Dyncuty
the about 3nd
he
avg tho the Sharg
dynaty be
be 4he
Came
Car
wh'ch over 8heang chin to e.
chinese (iveu
Consrdoed duning assumed from theto chinHarq
lat Chinsof ue chuch
cy nuled Bc
hosewoll the 1966 Cholw cud Onound lou
-heforct'le
he sthe the(loCon
of lhe
ohtch loped dynasty pn,
ey
punposes
(hnigatton
Sametbng is oventhtowing
Shong.be dynaty
tn
41e
ise
of d
ve Dynagly HuangTe.
dynaeiy
lhina aoun
do Chena famo te (tu
dovolopmen edeg
Valle
ysweneA m
civcliaoy
-he
he
ru
of
moanChouAtor
whch Chou cn he Leacdoship
he of
trsa fo St
kank! dynasty Dynauty
Atoracion ouon of -bourins
Shih
he The Chena 1he one
o ) ) )
 of the 3r d (onduy nD the powe
0f the tHens bogan to decine . en the an s lhu wy
eabout yoo jeni
Hhad tie there Was ho Podotl Centray power
Durtg
ta Chcna and in gtead of dhat Vaciou
sitlolished
9AFlo -lhe Sur Dynaly Came too
pooeylheéh too outd
nel last long
21he Tang Oynayiy Came to paer
Poer io China and uneu
4hein ule China de adt
and tntellectuel Tields progress both n Polttcay
he Tang Peniod ts Caley the golden
tn the Cattanal Fieldy. 1he ponzod of Chin
dynasty Came
ynasty Cametoto euy end
The manchu
of Chtoa ywhose period wag rom 1644 A D
AD.. tol2
’Tn anctent Chenathe Qmporb Wag he
hgad of he State cd mi gupeeme
ncseaton. 10way he
fahen Of -he nacon and Supreme Powor ig
potitcal affair of 4he State:
The empOrorc Was Con srdeeed the ttepkesentalve of 4
God on oaelh cnd thore fora the emponor Cclarmed
thomselvos -o be the Sonsof the teaven '. .

and Uut
Of the EmporON
ad minstateon tothe People.
 77he Emperen tas the umeme cie tLorr ty of 4ho naton
ard eventhe eo ligrous tnsttudtong ero undor bis Contro)
|’ Suceessron tothe throne wa heedi tory and only nale
mambeS Cod ascend 40 th theone
Aor-he Srooth Rurntng ococ the
the cd minesnadion ihe Empero
Qppornded
diuioed into departmanlg
Admencsladve erh a devcded tnto depaclnonis.
Ihese dcpardmets sere looked
looked aften by 4he voriog
>AM he wleaus rtuas Were pofocmed by
he pelon (onCeuned O
eithe
by the State. Chenese re
rituas ere honesty obSenve lciog
Sometimes ancnal
u9oParfomed o ploage heir
ard godde sses.
Ihe to majo tele'gong of Chena were Dat'sm /Taois
and Confucranßm. Budd hc'sm twar
Was
btogh ntoChin
cndtanyintonesian acoy ard the mrstonan'es and
’ when the tan dynasty was

Aho nocdh cbe tooktng oe Conso larteon ia thr'

Cuses
T Cie'l'2adon develo pec So latt on) wrth ou
Uncue ¬haractenestrcç and herefore ho Tnfuene arn
Tnpoct o th othor Contemponory (tvelt zodiong enthe
of the ckxnese Crivi liz«tor as not veny eep