2020/L/086 Renuja Thavapalaratnam

English Assignment

2023.12.18

The court heavily relied on the district court's statement, asserting that the would-be intervenors
retained the right to appear through counsel, participate in the fairness hearing, conduct discovery, and
have standing to appeal the court's approval or disapproval of the class-action settlement.

It's unlikely the tenant can declare the lease void for vagueness as it includes all essential lease
elements: premises description, rent amount, lease term, and party identification.

The Younger doctrine applies to an ongoing state civil proceeding that (1) involves important state
interests, and (2) provides an adequate opportunity to raise federal claims.

Revised fraud claim elements under New York law:

1. Defendant made a misrepresentation.

2. It pertained to a material fact.

3. The intention was to induce plaintiff reliance.

4. Plaintiff did, in fact, rely on it.

5. This reliance resulted in the plaintiff's detriment.

A claim urging the manufacturer to recall its 1999 products, when defects in design, manufacturing, and
warnings are already alleged, is redundant, prejudicial, and misdirected to the wrong institutional
forum.