Integration Seminar: Developmental
the physical gains, changes, and losses
Psychology Reviewer
Quiz 1: Overview of Developmental Psychology
1. Albert, a developmental psychologist, conducts
research on children’s emotional reactions to
studying math in school. Albert is concerned
with children’s _____ development.
A. Cognitive
B. Maturational
C. Physical
D. Psychological
2. What characteristic belong most in the cognitive
domain development?
A. Physical maturation of the body
B. A changing personality
C. Language acquisition
D. Poor interpersonal skills
3. The term emerging adulthood refers to
individuals from about age
A. 11 to 17
B. 18 to 29
C. 29 to 37
D. 38 to 46
4. Hermes is currently in the “emerging adulthood”
stage of development. As such, he would most
likely
A. be leading a very stable life.
B. feel adultlike in all ways.
C. be focused on others rather than himself.
D. believe in a life of limitless possibilities.
5. The question of how biological and
environmental forces impact development is
referred to as the _____ issue.
A. continuity-discontinuity
B. passive-active
C. nature-nurture
D. proximal-distal
6. Maturation is best defined as
A. any physical changes that occur from
conception to maturity.
B. the biological unfolding of genetic potential.
C.
across the lifespan.
D. The effects of experience on thoughts,
feelings, and behavior.
7. Maturation is to learning as
A. genes are to social experience.
B. knowing is to doing.
C. the environment is to hereditary.
D. practice is to instinct.
8. Dr. Benjamin Spock wrote a popular book for
parents, providing information on what
behaviors can be expected of typical infants at
specific ages. This sort of publication primarily
reflects which goal of developmental
psychology?
A. Prediction
B. Optimization
C. Explanation
D. Description
9. The fact that many adult males who lived
through the Great Depression later had erratic
careers and unstable marriages exemplifies
A. the impact of historical context on
development.
B. the multidirectional nature of development.
C. maturation.
D. the baby boom generation.
10. According to the lifespan perspective,
development is
A. singularly influenced and involves a single
discipline.
B. multiply influenced and involves a single
discipline.
C. singularly influenced and involves multiple
disciplines.
D. multiply influenced and involves multiple
disciplines.
11. Conception is defined as the moment when the
A. egg is fertilized by a sperm.
B. ovum undergoes its first cell division.
C. sperm enters the fallopian tube
D. ovary encounters a sperm.
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12. Maria gives birth to a child with trisomy 21.
Which of the following is true?
A. Maria must have given her child an extra
21st chromosome.
B. The child’s father must have given the child
an extra 21st chromosome.
C. The child received an extra 21st
chromosome from either her mother or
father.
D. Both parents contributed an extra 21st
chromosome.
13. Tony and Tina can tell at birth that something is
wrong with their son. Genetic tests indicate that
the child has an extra chromosome in his cells
and that chromosome is a sex chromosome.
Which of the following does the child most likely
have?
A. Klinefelter syndrome
B. Down syndrome
C. Hemophilia
D. Turner syndrome
17. A teratogen is best defined as
A. any medication taken during labor and
delivery.
B. anything that can cross the placental
barrier.
C. any drug, disease, or environmental agent
that causes a birth defect.
D. a birth defect caused by genetic
abnormalities.
18. Melissa is 15 years old. All of her friends have
become notably “adolescent” in appearance.
They have pubic hair and underarm hair, and
have experienced the “adolescent growth
spurt”. Melissa had no pubic or underarm hair,
and still looks much more like a young girl than
an adolescent. The most likely culprit for
Melissa’s plight is a malfunction of the
A. Central nervous system
B. Ovaries
C. Testes
D. Thyroid

14. The germinal period ends when the 19. Which reflex is NOT a survival reflex?
A. blastocyst burrows into the lining of the A. The breathing reflex
chorion. B. The sucking reflex
B. blastocyst is implanted in the wall of the C. The toe-fanning reflex
uterus. D. The eye-blink reflex
C. zygote divides into two cells through
mitosis. 20. Much of brain development in infancy and
D. zygote travels through the fallopian tube into childhood consists of forming more
the uterus. A. Connections
B. Neurotransmitters
15. Natalie is six weeks pregnant. At this point, the C. Neurons
organism growing inside of her is most properly D. Ventricles
referred to as a(n)
A. blastula
B. embryo
C. fetus
D. zygote

16. The formation of a primitive heart would take

place during the ____ period of development.
A. zygotic
B. germinal
C. fetal
D. embryonic

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Quiz 2: 6. Freud believed that human infants were born
with
1. A theory that is falsifiable is
A. only an id.
A. coherent
B. an id and an ego.
B. testable
C. an ego and a superego.
C. discontinuous
D. an id, ego, and superego.
D. valid

2. A parent who falls on the "activity" side of the
"activity passivity" issue is most likely to believe
that
A. if a child is aggressive, the parents were not
active enough in parenting.
B. if new skills are not regularly used, they will
disappear.
C. we are naturally more active when young
and become more passive with age.
D. children play an important role in shaping
their own development.
3. Saturn's daughter is approaching adolescence,
and Saturn is convinced that the impending
adolescence will be singularly awful and a stage of
life like no other time across the lifespan. As she
puts it, adolescents a like creatures from another
planet. Saturn's perspective on the matter fits best
with that of _____ theorists.
A. quantitative
B. discontinuity
C. particularity
D. continuity
4. The theorist most associated with a learning
theory approach to development is
A. Erik Erikson.
B. Albert Bandura.
C. Jean Piaget.
D. Sigmund Freud.
5. As a strong believer of the influence of
experience, John Locke emphasized the role of
____ in human development.
A. fixations
B. nature
C. stages
D. nurture
7. After her mother says, "No, you may not eat any
cookies" Sandra takes some cookies from the
cookie and eats them when her mother isn't
looking. Later, she feels badly because she knows
this was not a good thing to do. Sandra's attitude
indicates that her
A. id is in control.
B. ability to delay gratification is strong.
C. superego is reasonably well developed.
D. logic includes the concept of stagnation.
8. Which of the following best characterizes Freud's
position on the nature-nurture issue?
A. He emphasized nurture more than nature.
B. He emphasized nature more than nurture.
C. He emphasized both nature and nurture
equally.
D. He did not really take a stand on this issue.
9. When Felix and Oscar go out to dinner with
friends, Felix brings a calculator so that he can
figure out his exact share of the bill. Oscar thinks
Felix is a tightwad and finds his behavior
embarrassing. Freud would be most likely to
attribute Felix's stingy behavior to
A. an unresolved Electra complex.
B. stressful toilet-training.
C. the collective unconscious.
D. a big ego.
10. Ten-year-old Jordan has few sexual urges and
expends most of his energy playing basketball.
Jordan appears to be in Freud's ____ stage of
development
A. phallic
B. latency
C. oral
D.genital

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11. With regard to the nature-nurture debate, a
strong believer in nature would suggest that
A. environmental influences are more
important than genetic makeup in
determining human behavior.
B. maturation forces are more influential than
environmental experiences in determining
human behavior.
C. teaching and enrichment of the environment
are often more influential than genetics in
determining human behavior.
D. humans are basically good.
12. John Locke believed that human nature was
A. inherently selfish and aggressive.
B. Innately good.
C. determined by a person's experiences.
D. determined equally by both genetic and
environmental factors.
13. Freud believed ___ to be the primary cause of
all neuroses.
A. sexual conflicts
B. unconscious acts
C. unresolved guilt
D. hating one's parents
14. The ego-ideal, which is the second part of the
superego, consists of:
A. those behaviors for which children are
punished.
B. good or correct behaviors for which children
are praised.
C. the reality principle and its strivings for the
ideal ego
D. ideals and principles the ego has rejected.
15. Which of the following is true in the context of
penis envy as described by Freud?
A. Woman have underdeveloped sex organs
and capacities compared to men.
B. Unlike men, women can never be fully
developed until they have a female child.
C. Girls can have a poorly developed superego
due to the female Oedipus complex.
D. Boys can have an inferiority complex, more
so than girls, as a result of penis envy.
16. In children, temper tantrums, manipulating
parents and destructive behaviors are formed in
the:
A. latency stage.
B. oral stage.
C. phallic stage.
D. anal stage.
17. Information about where you parked your car or
the name of an uncle who you rarely see is
probably stored in which part of the mind, according
to Freud's topographic model?
A. Conscious
B. Preconscious
C. Unconscious
D. Subconscious
18. Elisa was put up for adoption when she was 4
years of age. She was old enough to remember her
mother taking her to the center, leaving her there,
and then the subsequent stays at home while
waiting for a new family. Now an adult, Elisa does
not have immediate access to those memories
even though they are buried deep inside her. Freud
would argue that these painful memories are stored
in Elisa's
A. unconscious
B. preconscious
C. id
D. libido
19. Which statement is true about the superego?
A. The superego is present in newborn
children.
B. The healthiest personality is one in which
superego has control over ego and id.
C. The actions of the superego are based on
the reality principle.
D. The superego represents society's
standards and values, most notably those of
one's parents.
20. The id uses reflexive action and wish fulfillment
to
A. reduce guilt.
B. satisfy the reality principle.
C. satisfy the ego and superego needs.
D. produce pleasurable outcomes.
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Quiz 3: Psychoanalytical Theories
1. Erikson emphasized the importance of a
caregiver’s ____ in predicting the impact of early
life experiences on later development.
A. general responsiveness
B. age
C. sex
D. intelligence
2. Rachel is 15 years old. She spends countless
hours alone and in conversation with her peers
trying to figure out what it is she wants to do with
her life. Rachel is in which of the following of
Erikson's psychosocial stages?
A. Identity versus role confusion
B. Industry versus inferiority
C. Initiative versus guilt
D. Intimacy versus isolation
3. Which question provides the best example of the
concept of generativity versus stagnation?
A. Will my work benefit the next generation?
B. Do I know who I am?
C. Should I get married?
D. Will my choice of college major lead to a
career in which I will make a lot of money?
4. Bob is currently questioning himself. Which
question would indicate that Bob is currently in
Erikson's integrity versus despair stage of life?
A. Can I raise happy children?
B. Should I marry Hope?
C. Has my life been worthwhile?
D. Will my job as a comedian help the younger
generation?
5 The type of learning Watson and Pavlov’s studied
is referred to as ___ conditioning.
A. operant
B. instrumental
C. social
D. classical
6. In Watson and Raynor's classical conditioning
study with Albert, a steel bar banged with a
hammer served as the
A. unconditioned response.
B. conditioned response.
C. unconditioned stimulus.
D. conditioned stimulus.
7. When Mr. Earlgray sits on a needle, he
instinctively screams and then accidentally knocks
over his cup of tea. He then claims that he will
never drink tea again, because he finds the act too
painful. In this situation, which provides the best
example of an unconditioned stimulus?
A. His scream
B. Knocking over the cup
C. The needle
D. His decision to not drink tea
8. Hank is upset with his son for keeping his room
so messy. His neighbor, Boomhauer, suggests that
Hank give his son a dollar for cleaning his room on
Saturday mornings, because he believes that doing
so will increase the probability of his son cleaning
his room in the future. Hank's approach is most
similar to research conducted by which of the
following theorists?
A. Bronfenbrenner
B. Erikson
C. Piaget
D. Skinner
9. In operant conditioning terms, a positive
consequence is to a negative consequence as
A. good is to bad.
B. adding is to removing.
C. reinforcement is to punishment.
D. operant is to classical.
10. Elizabeth tells her daughter Taylor, "I will stop
this nagging, which you find unpleasant, as soon as
you clean your room today and continue to clean it
in the future." This description indicates that
Elizabeth is trying to use
A. positive reinforcement.
B. negative reinforcement.
C. positive punishment.
D. negative punishment.
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11. Which is the best example of positive
punishment?
A. Giving a child money to get her to mow the
lawn
B. Hollering at a child to get him to stop
fighting
C. Grounding a child in order to stop her from
staying out late
D. Spanking a child in order to get him to stop
swearing
12. Which statement best exemplifies the process
of extinction?
A. Just do it.
B. Just keep the rewards coming.
C. Just ignore it.
D. Just keep the punishments coming.
13. Olga goes along with her brother Joe to his
gymnastics class and watches closely while he
works on the balance beam. One day, Olga's Mom
finds her out in the back yard, with a board spread
across two big boxes, doing some of the same
maneuvers that she has seen Joe do in class. This
is an example of
A. observational learning.
B. operant conditioning.
C. classical conditioning.
D. formal operations.
14. Beckham is watching his first soccer match on
television. Despite the fact that he has learned to
kick the ball like the players while watching the
event, he does not demonstrate this skill in his
backyard later that afternoon. Bandura would refer
to this situation as demonstrating
A. observational learning.
B. operant conditioning.
C. classical conditioning.
D. latent learning.
15. What is vicarious reinforcement?
A. When a person's behavior changes based
on consequences received directly
B. When a person's behavior changes based
on consequences that happen to an
observed model
C. When a person's behavior changes based
on the influence of a collective unconscious
D. When a person's behavior changes based
on the effect of inborn, unfolding genetic
factors
16. The key "cognitive" aspect of social cognitive
theory involving deliberate exercise of control over
both one's environment and one's life is called
A. human agency.
B. instrumental conditioning.
C. concrete operations.
D. extinction.
17. Tiffany really likes jewelry. Her parents want
Tiffany to stop talking on the phone every night
after school. In order to accomplish this task, they
take away Tiffany's new watch and tell her that she
will lose more jewelry if she does not decrease her
phone use. In this situation, Tiffany's parents are
attempting to use to alter Tiffany's behavior.
A. positive reinforcement
B. negative reinforcement
C. positive punishment
D. negative punishment
18. How could an elementary teacher effectively
use negative punishment in the classroom?
A. Give "stars" that can be converted into
treats to students who do well on exams.
B. Give a slap on the wrist to kids who lie
about cheating.
C. Take away recess time (something kids
want) to decrease misbehavior.
D. Take away homework (something the kids
find unpleasant) to increase hand-raising
behavior.
19. Which of the following is a key criticism of
Erikson's theory of personality development?
A. He is pessimistic regarding one's ability to
overcome problems that have their roots in
early childhood experiences.
B. He portrays adulthood as a period of little
growth and change.
C. His theory is rather vague and difficult to
test.
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 D. His theory focuses too strongly on formal
operations in thinking.
20. Which theoretical camp suggests that we
should study only what we can directly observe and
measure?
A. Behaviorism
B. Psychoanalysis
C. Constructivism
D. Epigenesis
QUIZ 4: Learning Theories, Contextual,
Evolutionary/Sociobiological, & Research
Methods
1. Constructivism proposes that children learn best
A. by doing.
B. when an adult completes a task for them.
C. when genetics determine a behavior.
D. through vicarious reinforcement.
2. As a child moves from the sensorimotor stage to
the preoperational stage, he or she first becomes
able to
A. conserve.
B. think symbolically.
C. perceive the environment.
D. use abstract reasoning.
3. Ruby watches as her mom puts a couple of
drops of red food coloring into her glass of water.
Although Ruby tasted the water just before her
mom put in the drops, Ruby now believes that her
water will taste like fruit punch. Piaget would most
likely argue that Ruby is in the ____ stage of
development.
A. concrete operations
B. formal operations
C. preoperational
D. sensorimotor
4. Who would be most likely to believe that the
horrible-sounding music his band is playing actually
sounds good, just because he wants the band to
sound good?
A. John, a preoperational thinker
B. Paul, a concrete operational thinker
C. George, a formal operations thinker
D. Ringo, a sensorimotor thinker
5. Molly has just entered the stage of formal
operational thought. Something she can do now
that she could not do before is to
A. engage in trial-and-error problem-solving.
B. mentally classify objects in her head.
C. think symbolically.
D. deal effectively with purely hypothetical
situations.
6. In Bronfenbrenner's theory, the immediate
physical and social environment is the
A. microsystem.
B. exosystem.
C. macrosystem.
D. mesosystem.
7. —- studying science. She spends many hours
sitting quietly and observing in elementary school
classrooms during science instruction, and makes
careful notes on all she observes. While observing,
Dr. Hu is careful not to interact with the children or
to interfere with their behavior in any way. This form
of data collection is known as
A. self-report investigation.
B. naturalistic observation.
C. structured observation.
D. case study analysis.
8. An infant remains calm when her mother exits
the room, leaving her with a stranger. When the
mother returns, the infant ignores her. According to
Ainsworth, this infant is displaying the ___
attachment style.
A. anxious-resistant
B. anxious-avoidant
C. secure
D. insecure
9. Which type of study always involves an in-depth
examination of one specific individual or a very
small number of individuals?
A. Cross-sectional study
B. Quasi-experimental study
C. Longitudinal study
D. Case study
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10. A true experiment involves the____ of the
independent variable.
A. manipulation
B. measurement
C. elimination
D. correlation
11. Faith wants to know whether there is a
cause-effect relationship between the amount of
time parents spend reading to their children and
their children's attitudes toward reading. What type
of research design should Faith use?
A. Cross-sectional
B. Experimental
C. Longitudinal
D. Naturalistic observation
12. In the field of developmental psychology, the
main reason that the correlational method is used
more often than experimental methods is because
A. correlations are more effective at
addressing t issue of cause.
B. of ethical concerns.
C. correlational research is significantly more
scientifically rigorous.
D. of the availability of computers.
13. Who is using a cross-sectional research
design?
A. Fred, who is assessing study habits in fifth
graders in three different countries
B. Barney, who is assessing the study habits in
a group of fifth graders and who will follow
and assess this same group when they get
to eighth and then eleventh grade
C. Wilma, who is simultaneously testing the
study habits of fifth, eighth, and eleventh
graders
D. Betty, who is assessing the study habits of
fifth graders study nadits in 2004 and
eleventh graders habits in 2005
14. The fact that individuals who were born in 1980
will develop differently than individuals born in 1880
is best explained using the concept of __ effects.
A. age
B. microsystem
C. cohort
D. social clock
15. While I am the fastest to conduct research
design, one big disadvantage I have is that I do not
generate information about the development of
individuals. Which research method am I?
A. Cross-cultural
B. Cross-sectional
C. Longitudinal
D. Sequential
16. The basic purpose of professional codes of
ethics is to:
A. provide a mechanism for professional
accountability.
B. protect professionals from lawsuits.
C. set standards that must be followed no
matter the situation.
D. enhance the image of the helping
professions.
17. The guiding moral principle that promotes self-
determination or self-governing for decision making
is called
A. nonmaleficence
B. autonomy
C. beneficence
D. justice
18. The fact that a study participant needs to be
aware of what they may experience while in a
research study illustrates the concept of
A. informed consent.
B. debriefing.
C. protection from harm.
D. confidentiality.
19. In a study in which participants are tricked into
believing that they caused harm to someone else, a
researcher is obligated to make sure that the
participants are told about the true nature of the
study before they leave and also must make sure
that the participants do not feel badly about their
behavior. These two obligations are referred to as
A. informed consent and debriefing.
B. debriefing and protection from harm.
C. protection from harm and confidentiality.
D. confidentiality and informed consent.
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 different outcomes for her. Peter’s beliefs are
20. Which of the following shows the common most similar to those of a(n)
themes among the ethics codes of the various A. empiricist
professional organizations? B. psychoanalyst
A. Being interested in the welfare of clients, C. humanist
avoiding harm and exploitation, and D. nativist
protecting client's confidentiality and privacy
B. Practicing outside the scope of one's 4. Piaget argued that newborns enter the world
competence and utilizing mandatory ethics with
C. Avoiding discrimination of client ethnicity A. no means of adaptation.
while providing minimal services B. senses and reflexes that can assist in
D. Acting ethically responsible and focused on adaptation.
limiting C. little interest in investigating the world
around them.
D. an intuitive knowledge of basic biology and
QUIZ 5: Infancy and Early Childhood Stage
physics.
(Behaviorist Approach, Piagetian Approach,
Information Processing Approach, Cognitive-
5. Imaginary companions are most likely to first
Neuroscience Approach, Social-contextual
develop during the ____ stage of development.
approach)
A. formal operations
B. concrete operations
1. In an effort to study the acquisition of speech, C. sensorimotor
Dr. Verball’s reinforces an infant every time it D. preoperational
makes a sound. Given this description, Dr.
Verball’s research method would be best be 6. When someone asks you, “What’s on your
described as a(n) ____ task. mind?”, the response you give would best
A. habituation exemplify the information currently in your
B. preferential hearing A. sensory register
C. evoked potentials B. long-term memory
D. operant conditioning C. collective memory
D. working memory
2. Glinda jingles her keys in front of baby
Elphaba’s face, and she watches and smiles. 7. At one time in his life, Edward could name
Glinda continues to bring her keys up and jingle every province in Canada. Somehow, this
them in front of Elphaba because she appears information has disappeared from where it was
to enjoy this game. After a while though, being held. Information-processing theorists
Elphaba seems to lose interest in the game and would most likely argue that this is a failure of
no longer focuses on the keys when Glinda the ____ system.
jingles them. This illustrates the process of A. elaboration
A. dishabituation B. storage
B. constancy C. metamemory
C. preferential looking D. encoding
D. habituation
8. While sitting in his psychology class and
3. Peter believes that his newborn already detects daydreaming as his instructor drones on about
a difference when he walks away from her and memory, Mac suddenly recalls a great
when he walks towards her, and that she hamburger he ate at a fast-food restaurant a
understands that these two actions will lead to

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 month ago. Mac’s unintentional recall for this 14. Prelinguistic speech communicates
event provides a great example of ___ memory. A. ideas
A. explicit B. emotions
B. schema C. symbols
C. recognition D. words
D. implicit
15. Stewart begins crying before his mother leaves
9. Which of the following is a recognized type of during Strange Situation tests. When she
infant cry? returns, he leans toward her but kicks and
A. Hunger squirms when she picks him up. He appears to
B. Sleepy be
C. Fear A. securely attached
D. Sadness B. disorganized-disoriented
C. ambivalent
10. Syntax refers to D. avoidant
A. the order in which words are used
B. the number of syllables in a word that have 16. According to Erickson, which of the following is
meaning the central issue of early childhood?
C. the fact that adjectives always comes after A. trust vs mistrust
the words they describe B. autonomy vs shame and doubt
D. the meanings of words that are spoken or C. initiative vs guilt
written. D. identity vs role confusion

11. In contrast to Piaget, information-processing 17. Which of the following is not one of the early
theorists focus on signs of emotion?
A. unconscious desires and drives A. frowning
B. emotional development of the child. B. crying
C. how children manipulate information. C. smiling
D. how reinforcements and punishments shape D. laughing
behavior.
18. Many aspects of cognition are believed to be
12. Dr. Sefky says, “Sure, reinforcement and under the control of or located in the
punishment are important, but how people A. Cerebellum
interpret reinforcement and punishment is even B. Prefrontal cortex
more important.” Given this statement, Dr. C. Medial temporal lobe
Sefky’s view is describing _____. D. Stratum
A. operant conditioning
B. social cognitive theory 19. At birth, the most developed sense is_____; the
C. psychosocial theory least developed sense is _____.
D. psychodynamic theory A. sight; touch
B. touch; taste
13. The hippocampus is associated with the C. touch; sight
memory of specific experiences. This type of D. sight; hearing
memory is called _____ memory.
A. semantic 20. Which muscles would a baby gain voluntary
B. episodic control over first during development?
C. autobiographical A. muscles in the neck
D. explicit B. muscles in the arms and hands

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C. muscles in the lower back
D. muscles in the legs and feet

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