6 THERMODYNAMICCS

Exam Corner (As per the Blue Print)

Part-A Part-B Part-C Part-D
Total Marks
(1 Mark) (5Marks)
(2 Marks) (3 Marks)
-Nil- Nil Nil QQ No.31,32 10 Marks

ONE MARK QUESTIONS 5, When is AH= AU in a reaction? (PUB)

1. Dcine the following terms

Ans: When An-0
(i) Isothermal processes (May 14) 6. In the equation
(i) Adiabatic process (PUB) (g)+0,(g)->2 H,O (), AH=-571.6kJ
21H,
(iii) Internal energy (EQ) mol", What is the enthalpy of formation of
(iv) Enthalpy (EQ) water? (EQ)
Ans: () lt is a process carried out at constant Ans. Enthalpy of formation of water molecule is
temperature. -571.6 -285.8kJ/mol
(1i) It is a process in which their is no exchange 2
of hcat between system and
surroundings.
(ii) A fixed quality of any substance is 7. Name the apparatus used to measure
associated with definite amount of energy the heat during combustion reactions at
which is sum of chemical, electrical,
mechanical energy etc. is called Internal
constant volume.
(EQ
Ans. Bomb calorimeter
energy.
(iv) It is the total heat content of the system and 8. What is an exothermic reaction? (Feb 19)
is measured as the sum of its internal energy Ans: It is a reaction in which heat is liberated.
and the product of pressure and volume.
9. What is an endothermic reaction? (Feb 20)
H U+PV Ans: It is a reaction in which heat is absorbed.
2. Give the relation between 10. Define the following terms. EQ)
i) Enthalpy and internal energy ) Heat capacity
(i) Change in enthalpy and change in (i) Specific heat
internal Energy/ AH and AU. (EQ) (ii) Molar heat capacity
Ans. (i) H =U+PV(Gi) AH =AU+ PAV Ans: (1) Heat capacity is defined as the amount
of heat required to raise the
3. Cive one example for a reaction where temperature of
AH AU.
a substance by 1°C.
(PUB)
Ans. H+ 2H (ii) Specific heat is defined as quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of one unit
4. Write the relationship between AH and AU mass of a substance by one
(or one kelvin)
degree celsius
for the following reactions: (one mark each)
) N.(g)+3H,(g)2NH,(g) (EQ) (ii) Molar heat capacity is defined as
quantity
of heat required to raise the
(i) Co,g)+ C()-2cO(g) (EQ) of one mole of a temperature
(ii) PCI(g)PCIg)+Cl,(g) (PUB) substance
celsius (or one kelvin).
by one degree
Ans: ) AH =AU 2RT -

i) AH=AU + RT
(iii) AH=AU + RT

30
 I PUC Chemistry
11. Write the relationship between C and C (Mar16)
for ideal gas.
21. State III law of thermodynamics.
(Feb 17) Ans. At obsolute zero, the entropy of perfectly
Ans: CpCy =R erystalline solid is zero.

12. Write the thermochemical reaction for the TWO MARK QUESTIONS
combustion of ethanol. (Mar 16) 22. What is an open system? Give one example.
Ans: C,H OH() + 30,(g)-2C0,(g) +3H,O(1)
(EQ)
AHO 1367 kJ mol and
Ans. System which can exchange both energy
matter with the surroundings is called an open
13. Which allotropic form of carbon is more
stable? (Feb 20) system.

Ans: Graphite Eg: Hot water kept in an open container.

14. Write the SI unit of entropy. (Feb 20) 23. What is a closed system? Give one example.
(EQ)
Ans: JK 'mol
Ans. System which can exchange only energy and not

15. What is the change in entropy when is called a close

matter with the surroundings
) Ice melts to give water system.
(ii) Water vapourises Hot water kept in a closed container.
Eg:
(ii) Water freezes
Give one example.
(iv) Vapour condense 24. Define isolated system.
(May 14,Feb 20)
(v) NH CI is dissolved in water which cannot exchange both energy
hydrogen Ans: System
(vi) H, molecule is dissociated give(Feb
to is called
17,19) and matter with the surroundings
atoms?
an isolated system.
) Entropy increases.
Ans. thermos flask.
Ex: Hot coffee in a
ii) Entropy increases
and
(ii) Entropy decreases 25. State first law of Thermodynamics
(iv) Entropy decreases write its mathematical formn.
( ) Entropy increases
(PUB, May 15, Feb 17, 20)
created nor be destroyed".
(vi) Entropy increases Ans. "Energy can neither be is constant.
OR The energy of an isolated system
16. Write Gibbs equation. (EO thermodynamics
Mathematical form of I law of
Ans. AG = AH-TAS. is AU = q +w

of AG for a spontaneous internal energy ofa

17. What is the value 26. What is the change
in
Feb 17) heat is supplied to it and
process? system, if 10J 0f (PUB)
it?
Ans. AG is negative. 15J of work is done by
AU=?
Lattice enthalpyy? (E) Ans. q =+ 10J, w=-15J, .

18. What is
which occurs when one mole
AU=q+w =+10-15 =-5J
Ans. Enthalpy change dissociates into its ions
in
of an ionic compound heat is absorbed by
27. In aprocess 701 J of
work is done by the
system and 394 J of
gaseous state.
a
constant the change in internal
value of equilibrium system. What is
19. What is the (EQ) (EQ)
when AG' is
zero? energy for theprocess?
AU =?
Ans. q= +701 J, w=-394 J,
Ans. 1 or one
-394 307 J
(Feb19) AU=q+ w = 701
of thermodynamics.
20. State II law
universe is continuously
of the
Ans. The net entropy
increasing.
 O HAND BOOK
28. What is free
for the work
expansion? Write an
expression 34. What is thermochemical equation? Give
done during an isothermal one example.
irreversible process.
(EQ)
(EQ)
Ans: Ans. It is a balanced chemical equation
Expansion of a gas in vacuum (p.. =
0) 1s the value of enthalpy change of
containin
called free expansion reaction and
physical state of reactants and products.
W pAV
C.g:CO CO AH =-393.5 kJ/mol
29. Two litres of an ideal gas at a
expands isothermally pressure
10 atm of 35. Mention any two factors affecting
at 25 °C of reaction.
enthalpy
against external
the of 1 atm. How (May 14)
much work is done inpressure Ans. (i) Physical state of reactants and
the
expansion? (EQ) products
Ans: Pl atm, V,= 10L, V, (i) Temperature of the reaction.
=
2L
-WPV-V,) 36. Define Enthalpy of Fusion.
(EQ)
-w latm (10-2)8 Latm. Ans. The amount of heat required to melt one
mole
of solid substance at constant
30. Calculate the temperature under
maximum work done
standard pressure (1bar).
the expansion of 1 mole of an ideal gasduring
from 37. Define Standard
a volume of 10 litres to 20 Enthalpy of Vaporization.
litres at 298K
(Given R=8.314JK moll). (EQ)
(May 14) Ans. The amount of heat
Ans. W= -2.303 nRT log2 required to vaporize one
mole of liquid at constant
standard pressure (1bar).
temperature and under
=-2.303x1 x8.314 x 298 log 1020 -1717J
31. 5mol of an ideal
38. Define Standard Enthalpy of Sublimation.
and isothermal
gas undergoes
a reversible
(EQ)
5L to 20Lat 300K.expansion from a volume
of Ans. The amount
of heat required to sublime one
Calculate
by the gas in this expansion. the work done mole of solid substance at constant
temperature
and under standard
Given: R=8.314J/K/mol. pressure (lbar).
(May15) 39. Define Enthalpy of
Ans. W=-2.303 nRT log 2 Ans. The formation. EQ)
V, enthalpy
of one
change produced for the formation
mole of a
-2.303 x 5 x
8.314 x
300 log=-17292.7 J compound from its elements in
their most stable state of
32. What is
aggregation.
an extensive
property? Give an 40. Define the term
example. May 14, Feb 17)
enthalpy of combustion.
Ans: The property which (Mar 15,16
depends on the quantity of Ans. The enthalpy
change
matter present in the
system is called extensive of one mole of a produced for the combustion
property. reactants and substance, provided all the
Ex: Mass, volume, at the products are in their
standard states
heat, internal energy, enthalpy specifiedtemperature.
41. What is a
33. What is intensive
example.
spontaneous processes? Give one
property of a system?
Pick out the intensive property from Ans: A process which (EQ)
internal energy, density and volume. mass, external aid under
occurs on its own
without an
given conditions is called a
(May 14,Feb 18,19,20) spontaneous process.
Ans. The property which do not depend on the Ex: Flow of water
from
quantity of matter present in it. is called intensive level, diffusion of gases etc.higher level to lower
property.
42. Mention two
Density is an intensive property thermodynamic criteria for
spontaneous process.
Ans: () Change in (Feb 19)
enthalpy should be
(i) Change in
entropy should be negative
positive.
PUC Chemistry

AG=-13.6 kJmoll=-13.6 x
10 Jmol-l
43. Define Entropy'. What is the value
of Energy change at equilibrium in a AG=-2.303RT log1oK
spontaneous reversible process?
-AG"
OR log K, 2.303RT
Define Entropy. What is its value for perfect -13.6x10'
crystalline solid? = 2.38
(May 15, Feb 18,20)
Ans. It is a measure of randomness or disorderness in
2.303x8.314x298
K, antilog2.38 2.4x10
=
=
a systen.

Zero. 2B C, AH is
49. For the equilibrium A +
+400kJ and AS is +200JK
44. For the reaction 2C1 C, (g) What is the the
Calculate the temperature above which
sign of AH and AS? (PUB)
reaction becomes spontaneous? (PUB)
Ans. AH is positive, AS is positive
Ans: AG=AH - TAS

45. Write Gibbs equation. AG =0, AH = TAS

Using AG how do you decide whether

a reaction at a given temperature is
T
AH 400x10 2000K
spontaneous or non-spontaneous? AS 200
Feb 17,18) THREE MARK QUESTIONS
Ans. AG= AH-TAS Gibbs equation
50. Describe the measurement of AU by bomb
When, AG=-ve (reaction is spontaneous), (PUB)
calorimeter
AG = +ve (reaction is non-spontaneous).
Ans:
46. Equilibrium constant of a reaction is 0.008. Ignition wires
Calculate the free energy change at 298K
(R=8.314 JK' molH). (May 15) Thermometer

?
Ans. K=0.008, T=298K, AG° =
AG=-2.303RT log,K
Insulation
8.314 x 298 log 8 x 103
=-2.303 x

= 11,925.2 J/mol.
WateraSstirrer
bath Stier

47. Calculate AG° for the

conversion of oxygen Excess oxygen Sample Steel tank

to ozone. 3/20, (g) 0, (g) at 298K if steel

K = 2.47x10-29 (Feb 17) Bomb calorimeter consists of a rectangular
vessel immersed in water bath as
shown in the
K= 2.47x10-29, T=298K, AG°
=? burnt in
Ans. diagram. A combustible substance is evolved
AG°--2.303 RT log,, K, the presence of pure dioxygen. Heat
transferred to the water
x 8.314 x 298 log (2.47 x
102) during the reaction is is
=-2.303 around the bomb. The rise in temperature
= 163,228.93 J/mol = 163 kJ mol- of the
noted. Knowing the heat capacity (C,)
constant for
calorimeter, AU is calculated using the equation
48. Find the value of equilibrium AU=C,AT.
at 298K.
the following reaction
51. State and explain Hess's law of constant

2NH( +COat) NH,CONH 2o) +H,O0 heat summation.

Standard Gibbs energy change

AG° at a (May 14, Mar16, Feb 17, 18, 19,20)
www.wwa

is -13.6 kJmol- Ans. Whether the reaction occurs in single step or in

given temperature
(Feb 18) multiple steps, the net enthalpy change remains
(Given R=8.314 JK mol"). constant.
Ans. T 298K, R 8.314 JK mol
 34 HAND BOOR
Consider A D AH 6, AH--286kJ/mol
qkJ remains constant. 1,+/20,
For A B AH q, kJ .(1) AH +1124 kJ/mol
C, H C,Ha
BC AH q, kJ w.. (2)
CD AH =

q, kJ (3) 54. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of

data.
According to Hess's law benzene from the following

Adding eq 1,2 and 3 (i) CHt 6C0, +3H,O

A D AH =q, +9, t9,qk AH=-3264.6kJ
52. Calculate the standard
enthalpy of formation (ii) C%+O COp, AH=-393.5kJ
of CH,OH from
rom the following data:
(May14 (i) H+o H,O, AH--285.9kJ

CH,OH,+3/20
AH° =-726kJ/moI
Co,a+ 2H,0 (May 15 Feb 17,18,19)
. ( Ans. Required equation,
Co+O COAH°=-393kJ/mol .(i) 6C%+3Hp C,Hgo, AH =?
H+1/2 0 H,OAH°-286kJ/mol...(ii) Equation (i) is multiplied by 6 and equation (ii)
Ans. The required equation is is multiplied by 3 and equation (1) is reversed.

C+2H+1/2 0 CH,OH, AH° =? 6CO+3H,O- CHt15/20(gAH=+3264.6kJ

Reverse the equation (i), multiply equation (1i)
by 2 and add all the three equations 6C +60, 6C0(),AH = -2361kJ
CO+2H,0 CHOH +3/20, AH=+726kJ/mol
2H,+0 2H,0 AH=-572kJ/mol 3H2+3/20g 3H,OAH =
-857.7kJ
C+0,cO AH°-393kJ/mol
C2H, +1/20 CH, OH AH=-239kJ/mol 6C.+3H() CHg,AH==+45.9kJ
53. Calculate the enthalpy of formation
CH(g) from ethene. Given the enthalpy 55. Calculate enthalpy of formation of methane
of combustion of
C.H (g), C,H(g) and from the following data:
Hg) are -140kJ/mol, -1550kJ/mol and Co) +0,(g) CO,, AH=-393.5k]
-286kJ/mol respectively.
Ans. Required equation is
EQ) H,9+1120,(g) HHOO, AH=-285.83 kJ
CH,(g) + H,(g) C,H, (g), AH =?
CH,(+20,( Cco,(g+2H,00, AH= -890 K]
Given:
(Mar 15, Feb 17, 18,19)
C.H, +30, 2C0, + 2H,0, AH=-140kJ/mo! (i) Ans. Required equation is
C,H, +7/20, 2cO, + 3H,0, AH=-1550kJ/mol i)
H,+1/2 0, H,O, AH= -286kJ/mol (ii) Ct2Hat CHa AH,=?
Equation () and (iii) written as it is, equation
are Equation
is(i) written as it is, eq(ii) is multiplied
(ii) is reversed and add all the three by 2 and eq (il) is reversed and add all three
equations equations.
C,H, 30 200+ +240, AH-140kJ/mol
+

2c0,+ 3O C,H, +220,, AH=+1550kJ/mol Cy+Ote) CO2AH= =-393.5k

2H2(p) +Oqe 2H,0m,AH=-571.66kJ
CO+2H,O CH(+20eAH +890k =

C)t2H2g) CHl,AH =-75.16kJ

PUC-Chemistry .25A

of formation acetic
56. Calculate the enthalpy of following reaction: 57 Calculate the enthalpy is -867kJ/
combustion
cH,09+ 60,-6CO, + 6H,0 acid if fts enthalpy of
formation of CO,(e)
mol. The enthalpy of
Given: Enthalpy of formation of CO,, -393.5kJ/mol and -285.9kJ
and H,O() are
H,O and glucose are -395kJ, -269.4kJ and mol respectively.
-1169.8kJ respectively. (PUB, Mar 16), CO,(g)AH =-393.5kJ--(1)
Ans: C(s)+0,(g)
Ans: C(s)+0,(s)CO, AH=-395kJ---(1) -285.9kJ -(2)
H,(g)+ 1/20,(g)>H,Od) AH=
H,+ 1/20,-H,0AH=-269.4kJ--(2) CH,COOH() +20,(g)2C0,(g) +2H,O0)
6C+6H,+ 30CH,0, AH=-1169.8kJ (3) AH -867kJ--(3)

Multiply eq (1) and (2) by 6, reverseeq (3) and Required equation

add all the 3 equations =?
CH,COOH,,AH
6CO,AH =-2370kJ 20+2H+0i
6C(s) +60,(s) (3) and
and (2) by 2, reverse eq
6H+ 30, 6H,0 AH=-1614kJ Multiply eq (1)
add all the 3 equations

CH,O,6C 6H, 30,AH

+ + =+1169.8kJ
2C(s) +20,)2C0,(s)
AH= -787k
AH=-2816.6kJ 2 H ) + 0 , s ) 2 H , 0 ) AH= -571.8kJ
CH,0,s)+ 60,6C0, +6H,0
CH,COOH) +20,1)
2C0,(s) + 2H,O()> AH +867kJ
2C+2H2 +0(a CH,COOHAH=491.8kJ

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