2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC)

Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Design

for Solar Fed Surface Type Water Pumping
2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC) | 978-1-7281-7590-4/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/PICC51425.2020.9362417

Aryadip Sen,Member IEEE
Electrical Engineering
Department
Indian Institute of
Technology
New Delhi, India
aryadipsen@gmail.com
Bhim Singh,Fellow IEEE
Electrical Engineering
Department
Indian Institute of
Technology
New Delhi, India
bsingh@ee.iitd.ac.in
Mr. Chaitanya Pansere
Electronics & Control
Department
Shakti Pumps ( India)
Ltd
Indore, India
chaitanya.pansare@shaktipumps.
com
Mr. Darshan Dudharejiya
Electronics & Control
Department
Shakti Pumps ( India)
Ltd
Indore, India
darshan.dudharejiya@shaktipum
ps.com

Dr. Chinmay Jain Mr. Manoj Modi

Electronics & Control
Department
Shakti Pumps ( India)
Ltd
Indore, India
chinmay.jain@shaktipumps.com
Abstract— An IE4 compatible improved designed permanent
magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor is presented here for
solar powered surface mounted water pumping. With the growing
attention on green energy, focus on solar powered irrigation and
domestic water pumping are rapidly increasing. High efficiency,
compact size and robustness make the PMBLDC motor highly
compatible with the solar powered water pumping applications.
Focusing this, a detailed design of PMBLDC motor with cost and
efficiency optimization, is presented. This work aims a low cost,
high efficient commercial development of permanent magnet
brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor keeping the irrigation pumping
in prime focus. Considering the maximum usage of the renewable
energy and to keep the running cost of the water pumping as low
as possible, another aim of this work is to make the developed
PMBLDC motor solar power compatible. Initially a mathematical
approach for different parameter analysis of designed PMBLDC
motor is followed by an analysis validation using RMxprt
designing tool. Detailed performance analysis and modelling are
done using software made by Ansoft Corp. for finite element
analysis. Magnetic material and efficiency of the system are
optimized using parametric analysis and FEA tool. For analysis
and performance validation of developed motor, an industrial
product prototype is fabricated and tested at industrial testing
facility.
Keywords— Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Ansys-RMxprt,
Parametric Analysis, Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC)
motor
I. INTRODUCTION
With the drastic advancement of power electronics and
magnetic materials in last few decades, permanent magnet
brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors are now widely used in
modern industrial and domestic applications due to their
inherent advantages such as high power density, high
reliability, high torque density along with hassle free
maintenance [1, 2]. After extensive literature survey, it is found
Electronics & Control
Department
Shakti Pumps ( India)
Ltd
Indore, India
manoj.modi@shaktipumps.com
that the little literature has addressed the issue of design of
PMBLDC motor for agricultural water pumping. The design of
PMBLDC motor for a bore-well electrical submersible pump
(ESP) is presented in [3]. Some design concept along with few
simulated results are presented. A clear comparison between
rare earth type surface PM machine and IPM machine, is given
here. A method to achieve the desired magnetic anisotropy
using ferrite type of magnet and inter flux barrier, is discussed
here. No physical construction for validation is reported. A
PMBLDC motor design is reported in [4]. Here, a magnetic
analysis is presented with skewed magnetic fixture. However,
for detailed machine optimization with machine efficiency,
magnetic pole arc is not presented. The design of a low speed
and high torque PMBLDC machine is presented in [5]. Only
design specification and computer aided design constraints are
presented. A multi-physics design approach of permanent
magnet tubular linear motor is presented in [6]. FEA for
magnetic field distribution is done and results are used for 3-D
thermal simulation to view the detail thermal distribution of the
motor. A single phase brushless DC motor design for water
cooling pump system, is reported in [7]. The genetic algorithm
(GA) optimization is used here for optimum solution on the
constructed meta-model, which consists of two objective
functions. A, comparison between the generalized gradient
reduced gradient (GRG) algorithm based optimization and
genetic algorithm (GA) is also shown. In [8], the design of a
PMBLDC motor for engine cooling of automotive engine
application is reported. A bifilar winding is incorporated with
conventional four phase half-wave PMBLDC motor fan to get
the efficiency of the full wave motor along with voltage spikes
and torque ripple reduction. A FEA based design synthesis of a
PMBLDC motor is presented in [2]. Details of using of design
variables, setting of FE model based design synthesis, final

978-1-7281-7590-4/20/$31.00 ©2020

Authorized licensed use limited to: COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 25,2022 at 11:50:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC)
design choice are elaborated here by designing an axial torus
PMBLDC motor.
No physical prototype manufacturing and testing are reported
here. A dual notched PMBLDC motor of radial flux motor
design is presented in [10]. The rare earth permanent magnet is
used for the design. An optimization is used for cogging torque
reduction and magnetic material reduction. A well tradeoff is
reported between cogging torque reduction and permanent
magnet volume reduction. Multi-objective optimization and
modelling analysis of permanent magnet machine are discussed
in [11]. Three different optimization techniques are applied to
compare the optimized parameters. A weighted cost function is
also adopted. The objective of the design is reported as weight
minimization along with efficiency maximization. No
prototype validation is reported. A particle swarm optimization
based design optimization is reported for electrical machine
design in [12]. Five different test functions are used for the
validation of the proposed algorithm. By optimizing different
performance constraints, total harmonic distortion (THD) of the
back EMF is reduced. A prototype is built and experimental
results are reported for analysis validation. FEA validation is
one of the most potential tool for machine analysis and design
parameter validation without making the original machine
prototype. A FE model based design of permanent magnet
Vernier machine is reported in [13]. The air gap permeance and
magnetic equivalent circuit model are taken into consideration
here for FEA. As the model simulation time is too high for FEA
based analysis, it is ideally used for final validation of analytical
approach. A semi-modular dual stack ferrite type PMBLDC
motor design is presented in [14]. Different design parameter
variation and effect on motor performance are presented here.
A prototype is developed for mentioned design and few
experimental results are presented. A magnetic planetary
geared based permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC)
motor design is presented in [15]. A multi objective
optimization concept is presented for optimization of machine
efficiency, total loss, cogging torque. An optimization and
detailed FEA results are presented. A proper design of winding
is one of critical part of PMBLDC motor. The proper design of
machine rated torque, voltage rating and current rating, depend
on compact design of machine windings [16-17]. Compactness
and weight of the machine are also effected by the improper
design of machine windings.
With the development of the high efficiency permanent magnet
based motor integration with renewable and green energy,
makes the whole system highly energy efficient and compact.
Easy availability of solar energy along with very less
maintenance, zero sound operation, and robust system, make
solar photovoltaic (PV) array fed PMBLDC motor fed system
worthy to replace the conventional water pumping.
The main merits of presented work are as follows.
• An IE4 standard PMBLDC motor is designed. The designed
motor’s commercial product prototype is tested at industrial
testing facility. The efficiency of the designed motor is 91.5%
where the same class 4 pole, 3 Ph., 50 Hz, 3 HP motor
Authorized licensed use limited to: COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 25,2022 at 11:50:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
efficiency is 87%.
• The parameter optimization is done to reduce the volume and
size of permanent magnet, which optimizes the production
cost of the motor.
• The efficiency improvement is achieved unchanging the
existing housing for a 3HP motor, which is used for regular
production of commercialized motor. This makes stator’s
outer sizing remain unchanged.
The designed and fabricated motor is used for solar PV array
powered single stage voltage source inverter (VSI) fed water
pumping application. Fabrication details of designed motor
along with test results are presented here.
II. PARAMETER CONSIDERATION OF THE DESIGNED PMBLDC
MOTOR
Based on the application requirement, the parameter selection
is done for any kind of PMBLDC motor design. Selection of
permanent magnetic material is very important for the
PMBLDC motor design. For performance and cost
optimization of the PMBLDC motor, the selection of proper
magnetic grade is very important. Selection of number of poles
stator slots and phases, depend on the application requirement.
The determination of proper air-gap length and magnetic
loading effects are required for improved performance of a
PMBLDC motor adversely. Precise selection of stator
lamination dimension is important for optimizing the stator core
loss and to select outer housing of the designed motor.
Depending on all the above mentioned basic parameters, rest of
the parameters are calculated and nearest value is selected
according to the possibility of the implementation. Considering
the mentioned parameter selection, details, designing of the
aforementioned PMBLDC motor designing is done. A
parameters and specifications of the designed motor and the
available motor are mentioned in Table-I.
III. PARAMETER SELECTION FOR PMBLDC MOTOR DESIGN
High demand of energy savings and renewable energy fed
irrigation pumping force to develop energy efficient and cost
effective motor solution for water pumping.
A. Primary Parameter Selection
Depending upon application requirement, parameter
selection of a permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC)
motor design is varied.
For water pumping application, medium speed high torque
PMBLDC motor is required. For this application, an interior
rotor type PMBLDC motor design is appropriate [1]. According
to that, an interior rotor type motor is designed for surface type
water pumping application.
The proper phase selection is very important for the design of a
PMBLDC motor. The torque ripple content of the designed
PMBLDC motor depends on the phase numbers [1]. As the
number of phase is reduced, the torque ripple content in the
motor increases in higher quantity. A detailed relation between
number of phases and torque ripple content is provided in Table-
II.
 2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC)

TABLE-I TABLE III

SPECIFICATION OF AVAILABLE AND DESIGNED MOTOR ELECTRICAL STEEL SPECIFICATION
Core loss at Magnetic
Parameter Available Motor Designed Motor Lamination
Grade 1.5T at Polarization(T)
Thickness
50Hz(W/Kg) at 2500(A/m)
Power(kW) 2.2 2.2
M310-50 A5 0.5 3.10 1.49
Voltage(V) 380 380
M350-50 A5 0.5 3.50 1.50
Pole 4 4
M400-65 A5 0.65 4 1.52
Torque(N-m) 7 7
M470-65 A5 0.65 4.70 1.53
Speed(rpm) 3000 3000
M530-65 A5 0.65 5.30 1.54
Efficiency (%) 87 91.5
M700-65 A5 0.65 7.00 1.57

TABLE II
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHASE AND TORQUE RIPPLE
No. of Phases
Approximate Maximum
Torque Ripple(%)a
1 100
2 30
3 15
4 10
6 7
B. Design and Selection of Lamination for Stator and Rotor
The selection of electro-steel grade with proper thickness plays
a crucial role in the design of stator stack. A high performance
motor (normally specified with high efficiency and high speed)
requires thin lamination thickness (0.35 m.m to 1 m.m). The
electro steels used in any kind of rotating electrical machine,
transformers are conformed to IEC 60404-8-4(part 8 section4)
and EN10106 (Cold rolled non oriented steel sheet according to
the British standard ). The lamination thickness of the electro-
steel is directly related to the core losses of the machine.
The lamination thickness and quality of the steel on the basis of
permeability and resistivity directly affect the machine
efficiency in inverse proportion. Different graded electro-steels
with different thickness and respective core losses are presented
in Table-III.
A trade-off between the motor efficiency and the cost of the
motor is also important. The increase percentage of motor
efficiency with the use of higher grade efficiency with the use
of higher grade electro steel, is needed to be optimized with the
increases cost of the machine. For the discussed design of the
PMBLDC motor, a selection is done between 0.5 m.m 0.65
m.m steel on the basis of efficiency, loss component and
machine cost using finite element analysis (FEA) PMBLDC
simulation model.
C. Permanent Magnet Selection
The proper selection of permanent magnet on the rotor is prime
factor for the PMBLDC motor design as it is the main source of
the motor flux. Permanent magnet material is the most.
important factor behind magnetic flux and motor performance.
Considering the motor performance efficiency and cost factor,
selection of proper magnetic material and the grade of the
permanent magnet is one of the most important factor.
According to the availability of different type permanent magnet
material, ferrite magnet offers the minimum cost and
Neodymium Boron (NdFeB) type magnets are the costliest. But
comparing to the motor efficiency, NdFeB type magnet offers
better efficiency rather than Samarium cobalt (SmCo) and ferrite
type magnet.
Considering the efficiency and cost trade off, NdFeB type
magnet is used for the presented design.
Using a detailed cost analysis, the tradeoff between the magnet
cost and the efficiency of the motor hence the energy savings are
justified in the cost analysis section.
IV. PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGNED PMBLDC MOTOR
Parametric analysis and design optimization are prior important
factors on the way to complete the design analysis of electrical
machine before the fabrication of the prototype.
The optimization of machine design is an interrelated process.
All performance parameters to be optimized, are
interdependent. So proper tradeoff between the desired
parameters under optimization and other inter linked
parameters are the crucial part of the optimization.
For permanent magnet type machine, it is utter most important
due to the use of permanent magnet. As the cost of the
PMBLDC machine mainly depends upon the volume of the
used permanent magnet, so volume optimization of the
permanent magnet in the machine like PMBLDC motor is one
of the most important factor.
For optimization of the permanent magnet volume, a
magnetic equivalent circuit of one pole is shown in Fig.1, is
derived from the principle of flux conservation.
In Fig.1 ϕr =Remnant Flux, ϕ M =Magnetic Flux, ϕ L =Leakage
Flux, Fa=Armature MMF, Rg=Air gap Resistance, PL=Leakage
Permeance. PM0=Magnetic Internal Permeance.
The B-H curve’s second quadrant of the PM is given in Fig.2.
The derived magnetic point of operation is as,

Authorized licensed use limited to: COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 25,2022 at 11:50:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC)

Bg Ag
Bm = (1)
Am
Where Bm is the magnetic operating point, Bg is the air gape flux
density, Am and Ag are the permanent magnet area and air gap
area respectively.
An Optimization tool in Maxwell produced by Ansoft Corp.
used here for the presented work, includes random search
algorithm, search based algorithm, quasi Newton algorithm and
gradient algorithm. For loss minimization and efficiency
enhancement in PMBLDC motor design, a genetic algorithm
(GA) is used here as shown in the Fig.2.
Parameters used for PMBLDC motor optimization are material
for stator and rotor stampings, slot of stator shape, magnetic
pole embrace, and stator slot fill factor, air-gap length. In the
optimization process, the design variable can be optimized
independently and some design variable are optimized in
parallel. For final optimized solution, from numbers of iterative
steps, the designer can choose selective steps in compound.
Once the results are in expected lines, the particular variable
can be freezed.

Fig.2 GA based design optimization Flowchart

Fig.1 Magnetic equivalent circuit of one pole obtained cogging torque is very less and ensures vibration and
V. PROTOTYPE MANUFACTURING AND TESTING jerk free running and starting of the designed motor.

For validation of the designed motor using finite element
analysis tool, a prototype of designed PMBLDC motor is
fabricated at industrial testing facility. Cold rolled non grain
oriented SS (stainless steel) quality is used for production of
stator and rotor stamping and hence the complete stack of the
designed PMBLDC motor. NdFeB type magnets are used as the
rotor permanent magnet. The motor prototype is fabricated
using the industrial product manufacturing facility. The design
validation and testing of the fabricated prototype are done using
the industrial testing facility. Segmented part of the designed
PMBLDC machine under fabrication is shown in Fig.3.
A. Efficiency and Power versus Speed Characteristics
It is observed from test results obtained from Ansys model
analysis shown in Fig. 4, the motor attains the designed rated
power at the desired 3000 rpm speed. In Fig. 5, it is seen that
the motor attains an efficiency of 91.5 % at the rated speed of
3000 rpm.
B. Cogging Torque
The result obtained from the Ansys model analysis regarding
cogging torque of the designed machine, is given in Fig.6.It is
seen that the maximum cogging torque is only 0.15 N-m. The
C. Loss Analysis and Comparision
A detailed loss analysis is done with the designed PMBLDC
motor and the already available commercial motor. The
corresponding losses in the different part of the motor are tested
and analyzed and the total loss comparison is presented in the
Table-IV. The efficiency improvement is seen from 87% to
91.5%. The loss analysis justifies the result obtained from FEA.
D. Distribution of Magnetic Flux Density
Maxwell tensor and finite element analysis (FEA) is used for
magnetic flux density distribution, magnetic force and energy
density analysis inside the PMBLDC motor. The magnetic flux
lines are plotted at rated speed as shown in Figs.7 a-b. It is seen
that there is negligible leakage flux in the non-magnetic part of
the designed motor. The flux density is seen 1.6 T, which is in
the desired limit.
E. Analysis of Cost
A detailed comparative cost analysis is shown in Table-V. It is
shown in this table that due to high efficiency, performance
over the existing motor how much energy consumption and
energy bill can be saved per annum. It is seen that yearly more

Authorized licensed use limited to: COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 25,2022 at 11:50:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC)

TABLE IV 10000
LOSS ANALYSIS
Loss analysis as
Available 8000
per Designed Motor
Motor
IEC 60034-2-

Power (Watt)
1(W) 6000
Friction & 30 30
Windage Loss,
4000

Core Loss 190 88

2000
Stator Copper loss 108 86
0
Total Loss 329 204 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Speed (rpm)
Output 2200 2200 Fig. 4 Power versus speed characteristics
Efficiency (%) 87 91.5 100

80

Effciency (%)
60
TABLE V
COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS
40
Available Designed PMBLDC
Parameter Unit
Motor Motor 20
Rated Power kW 2.2 2.2
0
Efficiency % 87 91.5 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Speed (rpm)
Fig. 5 Efficiency versus speed characteristics
Motor Loading % 100 100

Energy Tariff INR/kW 8 8 0.20

h 0.15

Motor yearly hours 6570 6570

Cogging Torque (N-m)

0.10

operation 0.05

0.00
Yearly Energy kWh 16614 15797
Consumption -0.05

-0.10
Annual Energy INR 132912 126376
Bill -0.15

-0.20
Annual Savings INR 6536 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Motor Position (Electrical degree)

Fig. 6 Cogging Torque of the designed PMBLDC motor

than INR 6500 can be saved on energy bill with the
performance efficiency improvement.

(a) (b)
Fig.7 FE Analysis: (a) Distribution of magnetic field of stator and rotor (b) Plot
of magnetic flux lines of designed PMBLDC motor

Fig.3 PMBLDCM prototype before assembly : (a) stator stamping (b) rotor
stamping (c) stator stack from stamping (d)stainless steel enclosed rotor with
stack(d)stator winding(e)stator with frame
VI. CONCLUSION
A solar power fed PMBLDC motor design is carried out
considering the world energy scenario of fossil fuel. To reduce
the carbon emission and to maximize the renewable energy
usage, solar is considered as the primary source of power
supply for the developed motor. The genetic algorithm (GA)
optimization based design of PMBLDC motor has carried out
considering main two objective functions viz. efficiency and
cost. An improved efficiency over available PMBLDC motor

Authorized licensed use limited to: COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 25,2022 at 11:50:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC)

from 87% to 91.5% design is achieved. As irrigation is
considered as one of the prime application, so improvement of
motor efficiency reduces the input power requirement which
directly reduces the number of solar panel requirement.
Reduction of input power reduces the total cost of the pumping
system. A prototype fabrication is done for the validation and
commercialization of the designed motor using industrial
development facility. Testing of the designed motor using the
industrial testing set up is also done to verify the performance
of the designed motor. Experimental results and efficiency
analysis have proven the design optimization and finite element
analysis as a strong tool. Use of solar power along with the
efficiency improvement mitigate the running cost and the
overall cost of the water pumping system broadly. Cost
reduction, compactness and reliability make the designed
PMBLDC motor one of the best suite for the agricultural and
domestic water pumping.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are highly grateful to the Ministry of Human
Resource and Development (MHRD), Govt. of India and Shakti
Pumps India Pvt. Ltd for supporting this project under funding
grant no. RP03222. The authors are also thankful to DST for
J.C Bose fellowship (RP03128).
[12] W. Zhao, K. Du and L. Xu, “Design Considerations of Fault-tolerant
Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine,” IEEE Trans. Industrial
Electronics, Early Access.
[13] S. Sashidhar and B. G. Fernandes, “A Novel Ferrite SMDS Spoke-Type
BLDC Motor for PV Bore-Well Submersible Water Pumps,” in IEEE
Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 104-114, Jan. 2017.
[14] X. Zhu, B. Yan, L. Chen, R. Zhang, L. Quan and L. Mo, “Multi-
Objective Optimization Design of a Magnetic Planetary Geared
Permanent Magnet Brushless Machine by Combined Design of
Experiments and Response Surface Methods,” IEEE Transactions on
Magnetics, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 1-4, Nov. 2014.
[15] H. Seol, D. Kang, H. Jun, J. Lim and J. Lee, “Design of Winding
Changeable BLDC Motor Considering Demagnetization in Winding
Change Section,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 53, no. 11, pp.
1-5, Nov. 2017.
[16] P. R. Upadhyay, K. R. Rajagopal and B. P. Singh, “Design of a compact
winding for an axial-flux permanent-magnet brushless DC motor used in
an electric two-wheeler,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 40, no.
4, pp. 2026-2028, July 2004.

REFERENCES
[1] J. R. Handershot and T. J. E. Miller, Design of Brushless Permanent
Magnet Motors. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon, 2010.
[2] M. Fasil, N. Mijatovic, B. B. Jensen and J. Holboll, “Finite-Element
Model-Based Design Synthesis of Axial Flux PMBLDC Motors,” IEEE
Trans. Applied Superconductivity, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1-5, June 2016.
[3] W. Jiabin and P. Yabin, “Research of six pole permanent magnet
submersible motor design,” in Proc. 6th Int. Forum Strategic Technol.
Conf., Harbin, China, pp. 545–548,Aug. 2011
[4] P. Upadhyay and K. R. Rajagopal, “Effect of Armature Reaction and
Skewing on the Performance of Radial-flux Permanent Magnet
Brushless DC Motor,”2006 International Conference on Power
Electronic, Drives and Energy Systems, New Delhi, 2006, pp. 1-5.
[5] M. G. Simoes and P. Vieira, “A high-torque low-speed multiphase
brushless machine-a perspective application for electric vehicles,” IEEE
Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1154-1164, Oct. 2002.
[6] I. Vese, F. Marignetti and M. M. Radulescu, “Multiphysics Approach to
Numerical Modeling of a Permanent-Magnet Tubular Linear Motor,”
IEEE Trans. Industrial Elect., vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 320-326, Jan. 2010.
[7] D. Hong, B. Woo, D. Koo and U. Seo, “A Single-Phase Brushless DC
Motor With Improved High Efficiency for Water Cooling Pump
Systems,” IEEE Trans. Mag., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4250-4253, Oct. 2011.
[8] W. Cui, Y. Gong and M. H. Xu, “A Permanent Magnet Brushless DC
Motor With Bifilar Winding for Automotive Engine Cooling
Application,” IEEE Trans. Mag., vol.48, no.11, pp.3348-3351, Nov.
2012.
[9] H. Yu, B. Yu, J. Yu and C. Lin, “A Dual Notched Design of Radial-Flux
Permanent Magnet Motors with Low Cogging Torque and Rare Earth
Material,” IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 1-4, Nov. 2014.
[10] Y. L. Karnavas, I. D. Chasiotis, and C. D. Korkas, “Modelling and
multiobjective optimization analysis of a permanent magnet
synchronous motor design,” Inter. Journal of Numerical Modelling:
Electron. Networks, Devices and Fields, vol.30. no. 6, Feb.2017.
[11] J. H. Lee, J. Song, D. Kim, J. Kim, Y. Kim and S. Jung, “Particle Swarm
Optimization Algorithm With Intelligent Particle Number Control for
Optimal Design of Electric Machines,” IEEE Trans. Industrial
Electronics, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 1791-1798, Feb. 2018.

Authorized licensed use limited to: COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 25,2022 at 11:50:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.