CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT

To Prepare Buffer Solution of a

definite pH values and to analyse,
examine and test it for buffer
capacity
Name: Akshat Gupta

Class: 11-D

Year: 2023-2024

School: Navy Children School

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Akshat Gupta, of class
XI-D has successfully completed the
investigatory project on topic ‘To Prepare
Buffer Solution of a definite pH values and to
analyse, examine and test it for buffer
capacity’under the guidance of Ms. Neeta Ranjan
during the year 2023-24 in the partial fulfilment
of the Chemistry practical examination
conducted by CBSE.

Internal Examiner External Examiner Principal

 INDEX

S.No. TOPIC PAGE NO.

MATERIALS
1 1
REQUIRED

BUFFER
2 2
SOLUTION

PHYSICAL &
3 3
CHEM.
PROPERTIES

4 PROCEDURE
4

5 OBSERVATIONS
6

CONCLUSION
6 7

PRECAUTIONS
7 8
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
8 9
MATERIALS REQUIRED
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Beakers, stirrers, graduated cylinders, pH paper

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:
Weak acids (ex. acetic acid, citric acid), corresponding
conjugate bases (ex. sodium acetate, sodium citrate),
distilled water, buffer capacity testing solutions
(Strong acid and bases)
 PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF A BUFFER
SOLUTION

(i) It has a definite ph.

(ii) Its pH does not change on standing for
long periods of time.
(iii) Its pH does not change on dilution.
(iv) Its pH is slightly changed by the
addition of a small quantity of an acid or
base.

Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation

pH = pKa + log(acid/base)
 PROCEDURE
1. Choose the Conjugate Pair:
• Select a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base
and its conjugate acid. Ensure that the pKa of the weak
acid (or pKb of the weak base) is close to the desired pH
of the buffer solution.

2. Calculate the Ratio:

• Determine the ratio of the weak acid to its conjugate base
(or weak base to its conjugate acid) using the Henderson-
Hassel balch equation: Adjust the concentrations of the
weak acid and its conjugate base to achieve the desired
pH.

3. Measure and Mix:

• Measure the required volumes of the weak acid and its
conjugate base (or weak base and its conjugate acid)
according to the calculated ratio.
• Mix the solutions in a beaker or a volumetric flask.

4. Adjust pH if Necessary:
• Use a pH meter to measure the pH of the solution.
• If the pH is not within the desired range, adjust it by
adding small amounts of the weak acid or its conjugate
 base (or weak base or its conjugate acid) and remeasure
until the target pH is achieved.

CONCLUSION
The successful preparation of a buffer solution
with a definite pH value and the subsequent
testing for buffer capacity demonstrate the
importance of careful selection and manipulation
of components. The analytical process reveals the
robustness of the buffer in maintaining pH
stability under controlled conditions. The
knowledge gained from this experiment
contributes to a deeper understanding of buffer
systems and their applications in various chemical
and biological processes.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. www.wikipedia.org
2. www.byjus.com
3. www.google.com
4. https://chat.openai.com.

Internal Examiner External Examiner Principal