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S.L. Alempt the folauwin '

The name 1e/TP geloalk afea to a site of data

Lammunicatin
Cemenunícatn phatotola

TcPl2P poxaacola anea set af ulea and stardasda that

gouen the communicatian beheen dexices ona nehaak
paotocolon the
Tatenet.
0ne
Dhatotaa.

Coaneclien-oniended <patehe pteal that eneK Hat

2E(Ralenet Prtoco) s a ionnecdionleM, packet -
Suidohed pc-tocal that is Apanaibla nting packe
Bavhce to tetn dehnan acn0K nchseak.
obe

The tep ateanet aefenence mode the

Cn theta peagam
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phovides thein sevices that usen

Catmunfcate oven the hetonk,and it is he ayeh in
which seh -acces netwohk phal eea Aeaide.
Mast o the apolication phutacala sn this Jayeh praide
uen sexvites, andnew Uses seices ane added oen.

end ta-end indephy and paadea a highlay elia

Cammunîcoion sesice an
eateded -uay Canvensakan.
naddeen do she usual aankmit and sec(eive nsons, Hhe
hast -o-hart tanipont layesa seA open and cace comna nd
to inihate and tesraica-ete kensta Conneion.
tsantmiled
eaipient
2Tadeurnet layea'
.DDa the Tadesoet seleence modeß, the laåeh
ayen oboxe the
Ahis layeni sezponaible
ntesneke. Tuo
Sumhing meskage1 beucen nehunxks
The intennetacake layca patatala panade a daagam
nehunak SeAiLe Datagkam packet o infoneralien
hat Lampsite a headeh, data and ataailen
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A Netwank Arcex Layeni

The Netchk Acel
Aueu Lauen fs e lasei Jayen in the
Latenet etenence mad). Thíe Vaues Lontaini the
pretoal that he comauden ucen to delie data to
ae aheh tampaniet Lamapule and deices that ane
Latached to the netuoak.
Ualike higheh leel puatoalan henshaank a alcet
layes pratacals us undesutand he detaila of the
undesling phyaical netuak, such ar the paket
stwche masinum Paame size, and the phyaial

guidedLMedia? Explain tyger af qided adia

Guided medta alie knouun es bonded mmedia
Guided toansmiaien media aea a
quides -he data
Labling i meant
sigpala alang a kpetkieptk
n a qeneaic
o e in the psek©us
and iee net meant o be sadenpeted ad
Sendences and
seatences
loppen uixe cabling mly
iamaien
moves m Cne nehohk desice toanothex.

)Tuisted pai
3) Coaata Cable
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Gutded
CWined)Media

Open Taistedlpai Coale

calble able Lable

MenA
OOeEN Wee
Qpen laine i tadiknolly used to deicaihe the electestal
shnt sdng along pmes pale.
TheneA siaalewine rng betuten poles. Ne
shielding à phatechn fm nofse indeae
Sndenfenehcewine, the cígnalh,aae tranimitled fa tae
o apen the
âace betueen tae uinea helo to
|the ninEA acta a qutdean the waei whtch eniue
Lminimise the întelenence Bem hes sauMceA ard
at the si¡nala azie tranieiled auadely

vsed paimantly in alden

Afenn o nehaaak cabling eleckatoally
Etsenoet ehwaksand sa ny frdussal
ehinanment
The naMe co
Coar CoMes
Lontawchim fn in hich the condwctoh uun cancenaay
with each gthen along the axit f the cable.
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FAGE

cabling D laal aeea nehwoska CLAN) inhallatin,

netwsnk backboaei
Coazile cable Con cooa) cantnien siqral of hiahes
Lequeny Hhan huicled-paja cahle nangea foumn IookHz

O ustED - PAg CAaLE

Tuisted-paih cable s leant ecpeniie and aad wide ly
uked on bata tanmisian.
Taisded poin cabley ane paost efecsely ued in ycems
a balanced Dene methad of tsonimtuien"
Paslan ine Cadiag Canchesten Egt Eaoding) a.
Btpoced to laiplas ine Cadiag (TL Lagí)
A'utsted- poin caLle contik of denducta
Cronomallyagele
Lop each with tte platie snulalton,
haieded o
Aeceien and the othen is used only a gnond
Taeie cables ane colos coadedto ideny coach lcable.
aRE- OpTTc CABLE

ibae- opic is a
She-oglt Labling 'he highen bandatdk zagacihy
Alne
ban coges calbling and uced maioly an highespeed
Lnehwonk Aynchxenas nantex Mode CATM) à Ethe
Tdibuke Date Tadenace to(FDD)lhackbanei, long
cable suns and cannechiema gh ponhoaance
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Cucnksbadiand
atenualka Hange.
Kbee used.
AHensahion Simntk ane bacd cn sndended appliaien

3) hal ane bilenend modes o conmunicalin?Cbin

with sketchi
a nehwosking, taene ane s maia mode f communiahan
Theie ade deiaibe the d'necken and timingo lata
daansmikicn betueen huo coanmunitating deuies.
(O SAPLEZ CoMMUNTCATîoN

Simplea toanimilled
heceaes Can ony kereive data and can0ot send ong bak
to the Cende

teleitten bhoadrat wheke the sioadcate cenda the

ana pedback to the banadates.

Dtretton
Data
Mainsane
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QHALEDupLE CaMMUNiA 110N'

La halfduplen cumnuniatica, dlata can be tanioiled ia
bohdaecien, bul sanly orde. one diecháen ada oak.
Deie dakes toahsn rana oat liag ond sLeháog bata
Awalkie- Aalkie i an. exarnple b hall-duplea
Lammunica-in, whene only ne penea can speakata tine
and the athchs tan ank
to

Dinec^ o data at tme 1

Dinec o data at me 2 p
onktaion aokstahon
FuL- DueLEx CoMMUNrcATTON
Ta -duplex Loneiaioa, data tan be taninatted a
Jboth inecion, Thie Alaue LaRatea an moe
eßient comMunitaion betoeen Be evicei
Converuahtn. Jelephant
and irtes Simltaneas
natinal and eieat coriexiain
all the me
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PASE

SWa! Stundond? Wbat ane then recda. Cplain oe

ulea Ahat catnbliahes coitekía, speifcatoni, ti phocedtey

Shandand one necekaby ian daty ile
Evetine that we usÁe în auà dathy ie has [ome (omMn
sGrme stabcads
Sandondi ce daclqed to erashe caakisenq

ane incnpokble Latth other mauauhes.

+The ned tut shansatda ase yabicd and iacludel

Standarán endise ta denentguodutk and sytems

> Standads helo eniuhe that the peadus

pxoua and pAOLELEA
meLt aoioi M qualty and safey sueguie meats, which
Can help phexen acdenk and edae liab:lkby
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umpefiton and cnavaga inncatien by allauiag.

-onpaniea ta faus on.deelapiag Aw and Liaphod
pheduch, sudhes thasspendint
kesekees hechoaatet
dueleping psphisloby
faulitaing ialernalional Laade
Sandauda hela phamote ialesunatianal daade oy
ptaxíding aa toamen set afo caideria aod sperilaions
hat ae sueLogsized and acepled glabaly
he ne AHe main

O De facto Standardai
’ Defada stanada ane establrched by manket denaina
dominance oi populat vee.
’ Thee tandardahe na necetatilu endorsed acgulaled
eyby an octal bolys butthey betasoe tdely acieples
due to apoadtalar techaalagy
pxoduch.
on enample, the QAERTY koybannd laynt is a
eren
goezning body
De Suhe standandai
guse
Dejune standanda ate etablizhed hydal bdie,
gnenment ageriel, sandad
Such a goeHAMenH
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-phaceM at fnuolues Conienivsbuldiog, pult.

auhuny.
ncagoi zed
hexicus and appuval y astandan
ade quse tnglude, the
Exampleu mnagement slandard and TeGt.
400qualety
S0 W:E Slandad.
802.1|

e hat t ast Ethehned2 Gnplain calequnieaf fact

Ethennet
Fat Ethenet fe a pt of Ethehne neluoak that pruida
Jata taanfene natei o up to l00 mogazinek meqalydes.
pe secand CMbps)
san impovement aven Ahadtkanal Elennel, uhich.
eny psovide data taafeh saten of upto 1Ombps.
Thene ane.
10D Base-1
as

This sa the most laamon type of faat Ethennet.

Hwse tuisted pai. cakles ond phrakdes data.4unajen
gate up
O00 Bae-Fz

’ Thie typ. a? faut Ethernet usel_ishe ophíe caller and.

ghádei daa taanslesn aes af-upta lao Mops.
faat Ethehnet aves beh
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o uísded- pai Callee inatead o one

’î4TH phovtdei data tanfen sates of up te lon Mhps
high-speednehuoiks
and isuLed in same

pain of wisded-pain cable

is les Comnon than the ethes tupea Faat Etheaet.

) Dieen kate betueen hea opkc and uided pai Cable.

Sh. No

Signal Cie, liahi) fan on tanimítian.

tanmissiom

DA uces glan pladie ueeA_melalle

ta caty he signal Lconductan to caney he.

3. Highat nafte iaraunity

unofetedb the
ate
Thee<ane
dicdondim.
elecatca) naise.

4 AReed de to eatehaal
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fes Opitcal Calle (Foc)Twtsted-Pata Calle

S.
Cheapelt.
Very hiah Aota tate Can suppond Dana data
Qaate
Shot ciatuit behween
pagaible
pouible