SAHODAYA PRE BOARD EXAMINATION (2023-24)

CLASS – XII
Sub.: BIOLOGY (044)
MARKING SCHEME (SET – 1)

SECTION – A
1. (d) [1]
2. (d) [1]
3. (c) [1]
4. (c) [1]
5. (d) [1]
6. (d) [1]
7. (a) [1]
8. (b) [1]
9. (b) [1]
10. (c) [1]
11. (d) [1]
12. (a) [1]
13. (c) [1]
14. (a) [1]
15. (c) [1]
16. (b) [1]
SECTION – B
17. (a) Zona pellucida – induces change in the membrane. [½] [2]
(b) Entry of sperm into ooplasm. [½]
(c) LH, Progesterone, hCG, Relaxin. [1]
18. (a) (i) Point mutation / A with T. [½] [2]
(ii) Frame shift / Deletion of C [½]
(b) (i) 4 (ii) 4 [½ + ½]
OR
(a) Since the two strands of DNA cannot be separated in its entire length due to very high
energy requirement, the replication occur within a small opening of DNA helix, refer to as
replication fork. [1]
(b) Presence of basic amino acid residues lysine and arginine carry positive charge in their side
chains. [1]

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19. [2]
Hugo de vries Darwin

1. Large Small

2. Sudden Gradual

3. Directionless Directional

4. Single step Many steps

5. Mutation Natural selection

Any four × ½ = 2

20. (a) IgE [½] [2]

(b) X – allergy. [½]
(c) Histamine, serotonin. [½ + ½]

21. (a) Streptokinase, Streptococcus. [½ + ½] [2]

(b) (i) Inoculum (ii) Bio gas production. [½ + ½]

SECTION – C
22. (a) Koala and wombat. [½ + ½] [3]
Divergent evolution based on adaptive radiation. [1]
(b) (i) used hides to protect their body (ii) buried their dead. [½ + ½]
23. (a) Temperature, humidity. [½ + ½] [3]
(b) Figure – 2.3 (b) Page 23 of NCERT book. [1]
(i) Tapetum (ii) Sporogenous tissue/PMC [½ + ½]

24. (a) X – GnRH, Y – FSH, Z – LH. (in case of Y and Z reverse is to be considered) [½ + ½ + ½ ] [3]
(b) FSH – Follicular development, LH – Ovulation/formation of corpous luteum. [½ + ½]
(c) Oxytocin. [½]
OR
(a) Any two relevant reasons. [½ + ½]
(b) (i) AI / IUI (ii) GIFT [½ + ½]
(c) Any one relevant difference. [1]
IUT – more than eight blastomere, embryo transfer into uterus.
IUI – semen transfer into uterus.
25. (a) Discovery of structure in nucleus, cell division, visualized by staining, advancement of [3]

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 microscope(any two) [1]
(b) Normal Father Normal Mother
XY XXh

Xh X [1]
X XXh XX
Y XhY XY
Female normal – 100%
Male normal – 50%
Male affected – 50% [1]
26. (a) Typhoid, Widal test. [½ + ½] [3]
(b) (i) Cocaine / coke / crack
(ii) Interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine. [½ + ½]
(c) Immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocyte. [1]

27. (a) Action of pectinase and proteases. [1] [3]

(b) Release of large amount of CO2 by Propionibactrium sharmanii. [½ + ½]
(c) LAB produces acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk protein. [1]

28. (a) Nt + 1 = Nt + [(B + I) – (D + E)] [1] [3]

(b) Natality, mortality. [½ + ½]
(c) Immigration. [½]
(d) Emigration. [½]

SECTION – D

29. (a) Definition. [1] [4]

(b) Functional ADA is given to the patient by injection. [1]
OR
Bone marrow transplant at early embryonic stage.
(c) Steps of gene therapy. [2]
30. (a) Balanus. Because it can grow in mixed culture. [1 + 1] [4]
OR
If the superior balanus is experimentally withdrawn from the area.
(b) Competitive exclusion principle, Gause. [½ + ½]
(c) Resource partitioning. Different times for feeding or different foraging pattern. [½ + ½]
SECTION – E

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31. (a) Avery, MacLeod, McCarty. [1 ½ ] [5]
Protease
S-strain, heat killed + R-strain 
Injected to mice
 Mice died. (Didn’t affect transformation) [ ½ ]
RNase
S-strain, heat killed + R-strain 
Injected to mice
 Mice died. (Didn’t affect transformation) [ ½ ]
DNase
S-strain, heat killed + R-strain 
Injected to mice
 Mice live. (Did inhibit transformation) [½]

(b) 1 : 7 [1]
(c) One of the daughter DNA have both the strands continuous whereas in another daughter
DNA, one strand is having discontinuous fragments of DNA. [1]
OR
(a) (i) 5AUCAUA 3 …. 5ACGAUC 3, increases efficiency of translation.
(ii) Acts as a catalyst for peptide bond formation.
(iii) Caenorhabditis elegans. [3]
(b) (i) Disease associated sequence (ii) Tracing human history. [½ + ½]
(c) Lactose which functions as inducers of lac operon is also substrate for enzyme
-galactosidase formed by structural gene. As the enzyme breaks down, lactose is
completelyhydrolyzed andnothing is left to keep the operon on. [1]

32. (a) (i) B = n, C = 2n. [½ + ½]

(ii) Spermiogenesis. [½]
(iii) (Sertoli cell) nourishment, produce some factors for spermiogenesis. [½ + ½]
(iv) Primary spermatocyte. [½]
(b) (i) Secondary oocyte
(ii) corpus luteum. [½ + ½]
(c) (i) Formation of placenta / chorionic villi (ii) Clitoris. [½ + ½]
OR
(a) (i) A – n, D – 2n. [½ + ½]
(ii) Entry of Pollen tube into embryo sac. [1]
(iii) (Nucellus) develop into embryo (polyembryony). [½]
(b) Retain hybrid characters of the parent year after year, No segregation of characters. [½ + ½]
(c) (i) Orobanche and Striga. [½ + ½]
(ii) Castor – as endosperm persists. [½]
33. (a) PCR [+ ½] [5]
(b) X – Denaturation, Y – Annealing, Z – Extension. [½ + ½ + ½]
(c) Primer, oligonucleotide. [½ + ½]
(d) A – Taq polymerase
Thermus aquaticus [½ + ½]

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(e) (i) Early diagnosis of a disease (ii) in-vitro synthesis of DNA. (any other relevant points)
[½ + ½]
OR
(a) Agrobacterium tumifaciens. [1]
(b) It transfers T – DNA into dicot plants and cause tumor. [2]
If it is disarmed and in place of T-DNA a gene of interest is inserted it can transfer it to
target cells.
(c) Refer page 208 NCERT (any two) [1]
(d) Cystic fibrosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s (any two). [1]

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