__Ejection fraction 50-60 percent

Def : blood pressed by left ventricul to aorta in one min is ejected blood
__Dilated cardiomyopathy is systolic problem
__Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is problem with diastolic function of heart
__Three borders of heart
(R) is formed by right atrium
(L) us form by left ventricul
Upper border is by left atrium

__Heart rate normal 60-100

Tachycardia>100
Bradycardia<60
__Relative dullnes of heart from midclavicular line is 11-13 cm it is also called diameter of
heart normal
__Normal mitral valve size4-6 cm^2 and what is size in mitral stenosis is <1 cm^2 is severe
mitral stenosis
__Epigastric pulsation is happen in right ventricular hypertrophy
__Austin flint murmur occur in aortic regurgitation
__Systolic murmuer causes are
Mitral regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse
__Diastolic murmur cause is
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Pulmonary regurgitation
__ aortic stenosis etiology is
Rheumatic fever
Infection endocarditis
Calcification
Congenital or maybe acquired
__ pulmonary valve auscultation is left 2nd intercostal space
_Aortic valve auscultation is 2nd right Intercoastal space
_Mitral valve at 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line
_Tricuspid valve auscultation is right half of lower end of sternum means 5th intercostal
space right side
_Erbs point is b/w 3&4 intercostal space
__Vascular bundle is percussion done at 2nd intercostal space at side
It is composed vascular bundle composed of
Aorta , superior Vena Cava pulmonary artery (3) components
__ apical impulse is increased in hypertrophy
In fifth intercostal space in midclavicular line in left side
Apical Impulse from left ventricle
Apical Impulse is evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy
__ arrhythmias including questions are
Atrial flutter criteria is
R-R interval regular same
Qrs not change
250-340 impulse
Many f waves
-atrial fibrillation criteria is
P wave absence
Qrs not change
300>400 impulse
Many f waves
R-R interval irregular not same
Ventricular fibrillation criteria is
Qrs are not determined
P wave absence
Large small fibrillatory waves
__Lbbb and rbbb
Lbbb criteria is
Negative t waves in v5-v6 1, avl
Elevation of (st)segment in v1-v2 3 avf
Qrs >0,12 s
Rbbb criteria is
Qrs >0,12s
Depression segment (st)in v1-v2 3avf
Negative t waves in v1-v2 3 avf
_____ vector showing side of heart :: is given below
Avf show right side of heart
Avl and 1 show left side of heart
V5-v6 show left ventricle left side of heart
V1-v2 is atrial septum show right side of heart
3avf v1-v2 (R) side
1avl v5-v6 (L) side
__p wave show atrial depolarisation
QRS complex is initial ventricular complex
Q wave depolarisation if IV septum
R wave +ve wave
S wave small -ve wave
T wave is +ve ventricular repolarization
P wave time is 0.10s
PR interval time 0.18 s it's duration
ST segment duration is 0.08 s
Heart blocks are
SA AV block rbbb Lbbb bundle of his block
AV block 2nd degree mobitz one criteria is
PQ > 0,2
Prolonged pQ interval
R-R interval same
P same
QRS absence
Mobitz 2 criteria is
PQ distance same
Qrs absence
P-P same
R-R same
PQ >0,2 interval is increasing
In second degree heat block mobitz 2 AV node has problem and not send impulse forward to
bundle of his and impulse produces slowly then normal and agay nhi anda API lablavo
__ interatrial node
P wave abnormalities
P wave maybe negative positive or bipolar
P>0,1
In simple words it is p wave deformities
AV block first degree criteria is
PQ > 0,2
AV nodal delay
AV 3 rd degree block criteria is
P-P interval same
R-R interval is Same
There is no pattern b/w p wave & QRS complex complete disunity of their work it s mainly
problem in ventricle big problem
SA node block lab lavo
Heart sounds & murmurs are
Lub sound S1 produce when closure of AV values
Dub by closure of SL valves
3rd sound in mid diastole during ventricular filling
4th sound is atrial heart sound when atria contract
__Murmurs position where these are best heard are :
(Systolic murmur
Mid diastolic) including :
Atrial septal defect
Aortic stenosis
HOCM at left sternal border

Pan systolic including :

Tricuspid regurgitation
Ventricular septal defect
At left sternal border
Late diastolic including :
Mitral valve prolapse at apex
Coarctation of aorta at left sternal border

__Diastolic murmur at
Mid diastolic including :
Mitral stenosis at apex
Tricuspid stenosis at left sternal border
Austin flint murmur at apex
Early diastolic including :
Aortic regurgitation at left sternal border
Pulmonary regurgitation at
Right of sternum

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