MADE EASY WOrkbO0K CIVIL ENGINEERING Surveying fs MADE ERSU ees = PublicationsContents 1, Fundamental Concepts g Linear Measurement & Chain Surveying 7 Compass Surveying ... a |. Traversing. Levelling 6. Contours, Area & Volume ss 7. Trigonometrical Levelling 8. Tacheometer Surveyin 9. Curves . 10. Accuracy and Errors 11, Photogrammetry... ‘cont: Suotmatert MADE EASY Peabo, Now Deb NaparttN be ny borepeaveedorsosinany em wou men parm,_ Chapter-1 : Fundamental Concepts ‘© Introduction © Type of Surveying © Principal of Survey H Chapter-2 : Linear Measurement and Chain B surveying. A. Linear Measurement fea © Scale a © Vernier Scale ie * Shrunk Scale | _B. Chain Surveying 4 © Introduction © Tape/Chain correction A '* Limiting length of offset - Chapter-3 : Compass Surveying. a * Introduction & important definition (Bearing/ ‘TM-TBIMIM-ME Angle of Dip) Declination and Conversion to (TB-MB) ‘© Measurement in compass survey © Localattraction Chapter-4 : Traversing * Latitude and Departure (Introduction) ‘© Latitude and Departure for closed traverse (Missing data problem) © Closing error © Methods to resolve closing error Chapter-5 : Levelling © Important Definition (RL/BM & Instruart) = Measurementin Levelling Work ‘+ Methods to Find RL © Correction due to earth curvature and refraction ‘+ Distance of Visible Horizon «Sensitivity of Bubble Tube * Reciprocal Leveling Chapter-6 : Contours, Area and Volume = Contour = Introduction - Important properties = Area i - Allmethod = Volume - Allmethod Chapter-7 : Trigonometric Levelling + Trignometrc leveling Chapter-8L Tacheometric Surveying + Tacheometer Survey = Introduction = Theory of Tacheometry = Distance and Flevation Chapter-9 : Curve: Simple and Vertical Curve © Horizontal curve - Basic = Methods to sattling out * Vertical curve + Survoy layout for Culvberts, Canal, Bridges, Road/Road Alignment & Buildingrrors: Accuracy Important definition Probable error of single quantity Error in compute result Chapter-11 : Photogrammetry A. Horizontal photogrammetry Determination of bearing of difference lines Detemination of focal length of carnera Vertical photogrammatry Introduction Scale Horizontal distance between two points Relief displacement Parallax Number of photographFundamental Concepts | Multiple Choice Questions Q.1_ Working from the whole to the partis followed as the fundamental principle of surveying s0.as to Distribute errors Improve ease of working Prevent accumulation of errors ‘Compensate errorsin away 5. Refer to a common datum, say MSL (@ 1.2and4 (0) 1,3ands (©) 3and4 (@ 2and5, [ESE : 2011] eapstecreres Q.2. Which one ofthe following surveys is employed. {or collecting sulficient data in connection with sewage disposal and water supply works? (@) Topographic survey (b) Cadastral survey (©) Geodetic survey (@) Cross-sectioning and profile leveling [ESE : 2002] @.3. The type of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into accounts called (@) Geodetic surveying (©) Plane surveying (6) Preliminary surveying (Topographical surveying IGATE : 2008] Match List-1 (Typo of survey) with List-I (Purpose) and soloct the correct answer using the codes given bolow the lists aa ruaq wen seoneoyana Asya savior RABE BHEEOD cuorenus uauun ng wens hs pees paEnpOCH 93 A 10092 HCN as as List Topographical survey Reconnaissance survey Cadastral survey ‘Archaeological survey stl To dotermine boundaries of fields, houses, otc, To find relics of antiquity “To determine natural features of a country 4, To determine possibilty and rough cost of the surveying system to be adopted Codes: goo> A B CD 3 4 4 2 Opecbe (42 (pee 8) ee eee ee [ESE : 2004] Consider the folowing statements: ‘The general principles of surveying are 4. To work from part to whole, 2, To locate a new station by measurements from at least two fixed reference points alroady established andlor identifiable. Which of the above statements are correct? (@) tonly (b) 2only (6) Both 1 and 2 (4) Neither 1 nor 2 IESE : 2015) Tho survey carried out to delineate natural Features, such as hills, rivers, forests and man made features, such as towns, villages, © Copyright »mADE EnSu @ wownmadeecsypblcatonsorgMADE Ep, Chill Engineering + Surveying : Pond buildings, roads, transmission lines and canals fo. (@) only (i) ‘correct is classiiod as g ©) By G@)and (i) bot (@) engineering survey g (©) by (i), (i) and (i) a ae 3 (0) None of these (©) land survey 2 a9 Match the following: (@) topographic survey 3 List-1 (GATE : 2014) i () Topographical survey 9.7, Which one ofthe fllowing igures indicates the “ i) Cadastral survey principle of traversing? £ e : A” suey 5 iste 2B & 4 FA) To determine the natural features of a 8 Contour such as hills, valleys, rivers, 2 uallas, lakes, woods eto, Z —@) Tosurvey tor he features, Such as roads , 5 Tall. canals, buildings, towns, vilages, ee 3 (©) Tolocate the boundaries Of fields, houses, 2 etc, (ESE: 2003) 7 2.8 A boict Rcan be located by the two cont z Points P and Q by © measuring PR and QA from P and a measure distance of R and plot, {© cropping @ perpendicular rom F and PQ, ‘meeting the line in &, measure PS, $c () distance OR and angle a between OR and ap 3 3 ened very © Coppight: MADE ERsu eesLinear Measurement & Chain Surveying Q.1. Ascaleof 1 inch = 50 ft is montioned on an old map. What is the corresponding equivalent soale? (@ tom=5m — (b) 1em=6m (© tom=10m — () 1om= 12m IESE : 2008] Q.2 Which one of the following statements is comrect? (@) Ina retrograde vernicr, (n- 1) divisions on the primary scale are divided into ndivisions ‘on the vernier scale, (0) A double vernior consists of two simple verniers placed end-to-end forming one scale with the zero in the contre. (€) In an extended vornicr, (2n + 1) primary ivisions are divided inton divisions on the vernier (6) Inadirectvernics, (n+ 1) primary divisions are divided into n oqual divisions on tho vernier scale, [ESE : 2013] 3. The main plate of a transit is divided into 1080 ‘equal divisions. 60 divisions of the vernier coincide exactly with 59 divisions of the main plate. The least count (in seconds) of the oewetsneeursters uld090 asec vepun og og ny hi a prea me peroesl oq Kau eo9 Sh VEEN HOG MIN SOIRPIRAG ASS Q4_ The plan of a survey plotted toa scale of 10m {0 1 cm is reduced in such a way that a line originally 10 cm long now measures 9 em, The react the reducod plan is measured as 81 cm?, The actual arca (rm?) of the survey is (@) 10000 (b) 6561 (c) 1000 (6) 656 [Gar 1008] The plan of a map was photo copied to a reduced size such that aline originally 100 mm, measures 90 mm, The original scale of the plan was 1 : 1000. The revised scale is as (@) 1:900 (b) 19111 (o) 1:1924 (@) 1: 1221 [GATE : 2007] 6 Arcctangular plot of 16 km?in areais shown on a map by a similar rectangular area of 1 cm?. REF ofthe scale to measure a distance of 40 km willbe 4 1 © i600 (©) Fo000) 1 1 © a0 CO) {ESE : 2011) Q.7 The planof a survey plotted to a scale of 10m to 1 om is reduced in such a way that a tine originally 10 cm long now measures 9 em. The ‘roa of the reduced planis measured as 81 om. ‘rere The actual area (m?) of the survey is a — 2 OD west we ge ates (a wus: 1009) | (care 2008) @ winnmadeeanpbieatonsorgLinear Measurement & Chain Surveying - @ QA Thoplanola suvoy plotted to seal of 10m ) Multiple Choice Ques: $f to 1 e1mis roduced in such a way that a tina “4 otginally 10cm Jong now moasuros 9 em. Tho £ —_areaofthoreduced planismonsurod a8 81 er. Q.1 Ascalooft inch = 60tis mentioned onanold {Tha actual area (m?) of tha survoy map. What is the corrosponding equivalent (a) 10000 (b) 6561 scale? 3 (@) 1000 (0) 656 (@) tom=5m —(b) tem=6m {GATE : 2008] (©) 1em= 10m — d) tom= 12m [ESE : 2008) Q2 Which one of tho following statemonts is Q.5 Tho plan of a map was photo copiad to a roduced izo such that lino originally 100 mm, »s 90.mm. Tho original scale of the plan correct? J} swas 1: 1000, Tho rovisodsealo is (a) Inarottograde vernier, (n= 1) divisions on (a) 1900 (by tt the primary scalo aro divided into ndivisions (o) 11120 (o) 151221 ‘onthe vernior cao, : IGATE : 2007] (©) A double vernior consists of wo simplo GG Aroctangular plotol 16 kin aroals shownon verniors placod end-to-end forming ono & ‘scale with tho zoro in the contra, (6) In an extondad vornies, (2+ 1) primary divisions aro dividod into n divisions on tho atnap by a similar roctangular aroa of 1 cm®, NAF oltho scale to moasure a distance of 40 km will bo 1 1 vornior © ia ood (d) Inadirect vornior, (n+ 1) primary divisions , r are divided into 1» oqual divisions on tho fay =e ey vernier scale iw a ea [ESE : 2013} : Q.7_Thoplan ofa survey plotied to a scale of 10m. to 1 cm is reduced in such a way that a tine criginally 10 em tong now moasuros 9 em. Tho area oto reduced planis measured as 81 em, Q.3. The main plato of a transit is divided into 1080 ‘equal divisions, GO divisions of the vernior coincide exactly with 59 divisions of the main plate, The least count (in soconds) of tho cmun, hau pana pexpacsies /aunoms transits ? Tho actual area (mn?) of tho survoy is @5 ©) 0 f(a) 10000 (0) 6501 () 16 (2% 4 (ce) 1000 (a) 656 las: 1999) fj [GATE : 2008) OCopyight mmOE ERE @ wvvrmadeesypbieationsorgMADE Ensy © Surveying Publicatig 8 | Civil Engineering Q.13 Match List (Corrections) with List-ll (Name) ang . too : 8 A.30.m metric chain is found to bo 0.1 m solact the correct answer using the codes given short throughout the measurement. Ifthe distance measured is recorded as 300 m, then the actual distance measured willbe (@) 300.1m (b) 301.0m (©) 290m {d) 310.0m [ESE : 1995] Q.9_A30mlong stee! tape standardized with a pull ‘of 100N was used for measuring a baseline of length 1500 m. The pull exerted while measuring is 150N, The correction, C,, dueto pullis given by (the area of cross-section of the tape = A; ‘Young's modulus = &) 100x 1500 1500 x 150 Oe Oa 50x 1500 250 x 1500 © AE AE (AS : 1999) Q.10 An invar tape, 50 m in length, standardized at 20°C temperature and 10g pull, is used to ‘measure a base line. The correction por tape length, if at the time of measurement the temperature was 30°C and the coeficientoffinear ‘expansion ofthe tape was 1 x10-Sper°C, willbe (@) 0.0200m, (©) 0.0050m (©) 0.0005, (@) 0.0001 m [ESE 2011) 0.11.20 m chain was found to be 10 om too long ‘after chaining a distance of 20007. itwas found to be 18 cm too long at the end of the day's ‘work alter chaining a total distance of 4000 m, ‘Whats the true distance if the chain was correct before the commencement of the day's work? (@) 962m (0) 4019m (© 9981m (@) 408m [ESE : 2007] 0.12 The length of a survey line when measured wth ‘chain of 20m nominal length was found to be 841.5m. Ifthe chain used is 0.1 mtoo ong, the ‘correct length of the measured line is (@) 845.7m (©) &37.39m, (©) 843.6m (@) 039.4 [ESE : 2014) 190 MON ‘suoneO\and ASY3 SAWN 0} JaneW IOeIANS "1YBLAdOD @ 49 peanposde) 29 Kew yoo9 Blut jo 8d ON i below the lists: List-1 h A (1-4) Liwy B rita C. ta(7,- TL 1. Sag correction 2. Pullcorrection 3. Temperature correction 4. Mean sea level correction Codes: - orc @4 1 3 2 ® 1 4 3 2 @4 1 2 3 @ 1 4 2 3 [ESE : 2002) (Q.14 Whatis the slope correction fora length of 3.0m along a gradient of 1 in 207 (@) 3.75cm (©) 0.375em (©) 375m (@) 0.0375em IESE : 2006) 0.18 The magnitude of ‘sag correction’ during Measurement of lengths by taping is proportional to the (@) Cube of the weight of the tape, in kg perm run (©) Cube root of the weight ofthe tape, in kg erm run (©) Square of the weight ofthe tape in kg per m run (9) Square root of the weight of the tape, in kg permrun [ESE : 2011] 2.16 II Lis the length of the chain, Wis the weight of the chain ands the tension, the sag correction for the chain tino is © Copyright (MABE Ensu @ wonnmadecespubicatonsorgMADE ERSY we wee © part © oat we we © oat © oa [ESE : 2012] Q.17 Inaninclined terrain, if the elevation difference between the two ends of a line is h and the inclined length ofthe line is L, the correction for slope is fia fa @F ot ate re © Ox [ESE : 2012] Q.18 The length of a survey line when measured with ‘chain of 20 m nominal length was found to be 841.5m. Ifthe chain used is 0.1 mtoo long, the correct length of the measured line is (@) 845.7 (b) 837.39m (©) 843.6m (@) 839.4m [ESE : 2014] Q.19 Offsets are (2) lateral measurements made with respectto main survey lines (b) perpendiculars erected from chain lines (0) takentoavoid unnecessary walking between stations (@) measurements which are not made at right angles to the chain line [ESE : 1995} al Answer Type Questions @.20 Main scale haé a loast count of one third degree, Number of divisions read for direct vernier, 10 make the least count of 20" would be Q.21 Number of divisions required for extended vernier for an Abney Levol to read up to 10° MaDe ens workoook |9 would be dividod into degrees} Q.22 Anoffset is measured with an accuracy of 1 in 100, If the scale of plotting is 1 om = 10 m and the displacement of the point due to incorrect length and that due to incorrect direction are equal, then tho limiting length of the offset is m. (The displacement on the ‘rawing sheet should be limited to 0.02 em) [The main circle is Q.23 While measuring the distance on a slope, itwas found that the ground rise by 3.2m for each 20 mchain length. Hypotensual allowance per chain would be m. cid Ava SavN tReet ctars 1604009 © .24 A rectangular plot of size 400 m x 200 m was measured with 20m chain, lator itwas detected ‘hat the chain was used formeasuring the sides of plot was 8 cm too long, The true area of the plot would be, we. 3 Conventional Questions .25 The area ofthe plan of an old survey potted to ascale of 10m to 1 om, The plan has found to have a shrunk, so that a line originally 10 cm long now measures 9.7 om only Find: (). ShnunkScale (i), Tue length of line if measured length is 14.75 0m (if) Tuo Area of plot, if measured areais 100.2 om? Je peanpoidou aq few 009 8) 2.26 In 1950, plan of a rectangular field was drawn with a scale of 1 cm = 40 m. The present dimension of field read as 30 em x 10 em. Itan criginalreference line of 9.4 cm now reads 10 cm, thon what is the actual area of field? nox w0} hve vs Q.27 Aline measures 1450m, whenmeasured with a tape having a designated length of 30 m. Calculate true length of line i: (a)Tape found 10 cm too long {b)Tape found 20 cm too short ‘voyssqused usnian 0 © Copyright :mADE EASY ® worn madceaspublectionsorgil Engineering» Surveying 0.28 A distance of 2000 m was measured by 30 m Chain, later it was detected that chain was 0.1 moo long. Another 500 m was measured and itwas detected that chain was 0.15 m too long, Ifthe chain was correct initially, determine the true length of line (0.29 A base line measured with a steel tape gives ‘an approximate length of 1000 m. Compute the Correct length of base line at mean sea level When the pull at standardization equals 15 kg, ‘The applied pulls 23 kg. The cross-sectional area of tape is 0.0845 cm? and E = 2.11 x 108 kal cm?, Temperature T,, and Ty are 35°C and 15°C respectively. The Coetficient of thermal expansion of tape is 11.5 x 10-8/°C. The © Copyight mnOE ERSu eu Belang sNoUKdeD @ "A MEN ‘suoneoHaNY ASA 3Q¥W 014 [ wo} Aue u pasinn 30 psonpoides oq kew Uotsened ueram 0 MADE Ensy Publica, dilference in level of two ends of base line ig 21. Elevation of base line above mean, Sea leve) is = 100m. [Consider Radius of Earth - 6400 km] .30 Find the limiting length of an offset so that the displacement of a point on paper may not exceed 0.025 cm. The offset was laid 3° out from ts true direction and scale was 1 cm: 10 m, Q.31 An offset is 15 m long and the scale of plotting 's 1 cm = 30 m, if the accuracy in linear measurementis 1 in 20. Determine permissible error in angular measurement. @ wmv madeeanpubleatonsorgST Compass Surveying _ Multiple Choice Questions a4 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 If the whole circle bearing is 315° 20¢, its quadrantal bearing would be (@) S36°30' WwW (b) N44°.40" W (c) N57°24 Ww (d) S60° 40" Ww IESE : 2012) In quadrantal bearing system, bearing ofa line varies from {a) 0°to 360° (c) 0°to 90° (b) 0°10 180° (0) ONto 90S [GATE : 2009] The bearing of line AB is 150° and the angle ABCis 124°, Bearing of line BCis (a) 94° (b) 98° (0) 198° © wo [ese : 1013] The Whole Circle Bearing of line AB is 50° and of line BC is 120°, The deflection angle at B at ABto BCis @ 0 () 110° (b) 70° (a) 120° IESE : 2015] If the observed fore bearing of a line xy is 16° 26, the back bearing of this line is (a) 103°26" (b) 18°36" (©) 196°26" (A) 206"26" IESE : 2012] What is ZABC if FB of line AB is 40° and BB of line BC is 280°? © Copyright : mnpe EASY rg MBuke099 exe ream wi Ave w posi 1 peaneais gq kaw Yoog StH UESON Q MON “SLOTEONGRS ASV BOW C-=HRU SS ar as as {a) 90” (©) 200 (b) 120° (@) 327 [ESE : 2008] Assertion (A); Whole circle bearing of a line is proforred toa quadrantal bearing, Reason (R): Bearing is completely specified by ananglo. (@) both A and R are true and R is the correct, explanation of A (6) both A and R ate true but Ris not a correct explanation of A (©) Ais true but Ris false (0) Ais false but R is true [ESE : 2001] Fore bearings (FB) and back bearings (8B) of lines PQ and QR have been measured as: Line | FB BB Pa. seo | 2350" or | 2s%30° | 30930" The correct value ofthe interior angle PARwill be (a) 105200" (b) 109°30" (©) 250°00" (@) 25°00" (AS: 1997] Tho whole circle bearings of lines AB and BC aro 30° 15' and 120° 30’. What is the included angle ABC between the lines AB and BC? (a) 20°45" (b) 89°45" (c) 269°45' (@) 90°15" [ESE : 2008] Q.10 The magnotic boaring of a line AB is S 30° E. If tho doclination is 6° West, then what is the true boating? @ wonvmadeeospubcatonsorg12 [ Civil Engineering * Surveying (@) See () N3e°w (0) S24°e (6) New [ESE : 2006] Q.11 Consider the following in the context of Variations in magnetic declination: 1. Secular 2. Diurnal 3. Annual 4, Regular ‘Which of these are relevant? (@) 1,2and3 (&) 1,2and4 (©) 2and3only — () Sand 4 only [ESE : 2010) 0-12 The magnetic bearing of a line AB is §30°E i the dectnation is 6° West, then what isthe tue bearing? (@) S36°E (b) N3e°w. () S2ae (@) N2aew IESE : 2006) Q.13 The magnetic bearing ofa line ABis S 45° and the declination is 5° West. The true bearing of the line AB is (@) $45 (©) S50% (0) S40" (©) S50°w [GATE : 2007] Q.14 The magnetic bearing of a lino is 55° 30° and the magnetic declination is 4°30' east. The true bearing of aline will be (@) 6 (b) 34°30" (©) 49%0" @ si [ESE : 2014] Q.15 The magnetic bearing of a line AB was N 89° 30° W in the year 1967, when the Jo wed on “wieg Men ‘suoneonang AS¥a BQYW 01 se1eW 120IaNg aUBUAdOD @ 9 40 PB2npONd 04 Kew Yo09 5 941 noun wo) Au wy pos 2 declination was 4°10’ E. Ifthe present. declination is SW, tho magnetic bearing (W.C.8) of na line is (@) 299°20° (b) 307°40° (c) 293°20° (d) 301°40° [GATE : 2009) Q.16 Diurnal variation is groater (2) in winter than in summer (©) at smaller latitudes than at higher latitudes (©) atmagnotic equator points (6) in summer than in winter [ESE : 2006] O.17 Assertion (A): The angle made by the lines of the magnetic force with the earth's surface is called dip Reason (R): In the northern hemisphere, the South ond of the needle dips downwards; and in the southern hemisphere, the north end of the needle dips downwards, (@) both A and R are true and explanation of A (©) both A and R are true but Ris not a correct explanation of A (©) Ais tue but Ris false ©) Ais false but Ris true Rils the correct (ESE : 2011] 0.18 The observed magnetic bering of a ine OE Was found to be 185°, it was later discovered that station © had a local attraction of +1.5° ‘The true Boaring of the tine OF, considering a Magnetic dectination of 8.5°E shall be (2) 189 (e) 187 (6) 190° (@) 199° [GATE : 2008) Inaregion with magnetic dectination of 2, the magnetic Fore Bearing (FB) of a line AB was Measured as N79°S0'E. There was local attraction at A. To determine the corractmagnetic bearing of the line, a point O was selected at \hich there was nolocal traction, The magnetic FB of line AO and OA were observed to be $52°40'E and N5O"20'W, respectively, What is the true FB of ine AB? ass © Copyright :mADE ERSu (@ erm madeeasypublectonsorgMADE EASY Publications (@) Ne1S0E (b) NeZt0E (c) NBAHOE (@) N7PSOE [GATE ; 2015] Q.20 Bearing of the given system is shown below: Line Back beaing 7B 308" 007 ac | 45°15" 30" co | saray | eras’ pe} 2ssea0r | 78°30" cA| sre | spas) Applying correction due to local attraction, the correct bearing of line BC will be (@) 49°15" (0) 50"15' (0) 4958 (@) 4845" [GATE : 2013] Numerical Answer Type Be Questions 0.21 In a badly maintained fiold book, folowing observations were written about Bearing of line AB with true nortt Acute angle ABC = 82° When extended line BC is rotated by an angle of 30° (clockwise), it meets the line CD. the bearing of ine DC with true North is more than 480° thenits values 10 mon “euoyieouang Asya 3G¥N OL 8neW 198IaNS -YBUKEOD mania | 13 Conventional Questions Q.23 Determine the value of included angles in a closed compass traverse ABCDA, using following observations: Tine [AB] BC] CD | DA Foro bearing | 40° [70° | 210° | 280" Q.24 The folowing boarings were observed in running acompass traverse: Line Fore bearing ——_-Backbearing AB certs 244700 BC 12945" 31300" co 21830" 37°80" DA 306°45" 12645" Find the correct fore and back bearings and the true bearings of the lines, given that the magnetic declination is 1°40'E. 0.25 The folowing boarings were observed inrunning Q.22 Aline was drawn to amagnetic bearing of SS0°E ‘on an old plan when the magnetic dectir was 2°40'W, Ifpresent deciinationis 3°20'€ then present magnotic bearing would be © Copyright :maDE ERsU Workout for the correct bearing, a.compass traverse: 128 ine | Fore bearing | Back bearing maf ans | ois ec} zero” | ras’ co) azar | aca - ve} ooo | anoro0" degrees. & eA | er 32200 ¢ Find the correct bearing. tion 2.26 The folowing bearings were observedin running 8 acompass traverse: i Line [Fore bearing” [ Baek bearing 3 pa] sme | T0 2 pc] 20s" | 048" z co | 2s | r800 £ ve} ato’ | s00" g ca] o0 | ase 3 @® winwmadeeasypublicationsorgEEE Traversing Q.3 In the figure given below, the lengths PQ (WCB: 30°) and GR (WCB : 45% respectively up to three places of decimal are 4 Multiple Choice Questions .1 Consider the following statements: 1. Thecomponentof the distance between two Points measured in the north-south direction is called the latitude of the tine, botween the points, 2 Thecomponentof the di Points measured in th is called the de, the points, 3. The latitude is considered feckoned southward 4: The departure is considered as negatve when reckoned westward, Which of the above statoments are correct? (@ 1,2and3ony () 2,3.and.4 © 12and4only (4) 1,2,3and4 [ESE : 2015) (Y000N, r00ce) stance between two 16 east-west direction 00N, 2006) Parlure of the fine, between e (@) 273205, 938.186 (0) 273.208, 551.815 (©) 851.815.551.815 (¢) 551.815, 998,196 [GATE : 2006) Q.4 The reduced bearing of a 10 m long line is NS0*E. The departure of the line is (@) 10.00m (©) 868m (©) 7.52m (2) 5.00m IGATE : 2016) line AB are +78 8 positive when Q.5 Thelatiude and departure ofa Q.2 Which one of the followin, 19 Pairs is not correctly mand ~45.1 m respectively. The whole circle matched? beating of the line AB is © Dectinat + Horizontal angle botwoen @ a (©) 150° magnetic meridian and © 210 (0) 330° {tue meridian IGATE : 2013) ©) Bowdichsrue : Employed to adjust losing error of a closed 2.6 Tho observations from a closed toop traverse traverse ‘around an obstacle are sooner sya Sane elas KS00.@ xe roayuiy ue pee. paspadas eu yeeg a ON Nea NN SUE ASV 30 muiesunain grown ©) Deflection angle : Measuredin case ‘ofopen [Seoment] Observation Length (mj]azmuh(eocmuise iravereelinsiacdiver rom station rom magnetic not ‘measuring included angle ro e re a (2) Reconnaissance : Employed for ee survey detailed and precise a survey LIS IESE: 7005) © Copyight :mRDE ERsu @ ww madeeasypubleationsargMADE ERSY Publications: What is the value of tho m ng measurement yeu ystang 4814300 © Ly L [ESE : 2010] (a) a0: {Founded off to the nearest 10 mm)? (@) 396.86m (0) 396.79 (©) 396.05m (@) 396.94m IGATE : 2011] .7 The folowing tablo gives data of consecutive ‘coordinates in respect of a closed theodolite traverse PORSP. [Sain Nenana] Southing| Cina] Westin Ce | a0o7s 3005 ‘@_ 10025 W825 ® Two0_|z00.78 3 300 BOE The magnitude and direction of error of closure inwhole circle bearing aro (@ 20mand 45° (b) 20mand 315° (© 282mand316 (d) 342mand 45° [GATE : 2007) Q.8 Ina closed loop traverse of 1 km total length, the closing errors in departure and latitude are 0.3 m and 0.4 m, respoctively. The relative precision of this traverse will be (@ 1: 5000 (b) 1: 4000 (©) 1: 3000 (a) 1: 2000 [GATE : 2015] Q.9. The bearings of two inaccessible stations, S, (Easting 500 m, Northing 500m) and S, (Easting £600 m, Northing 450 m) from a station S, were observed as 225° and 153° 26' respectively ‘The independent Easting (in m) of station S,is (@) 450.000 (b) 570.710 (©) 50,000 (6) 650.000 [GATE : 2015] Q.101f Lis the perimeter of a closed traverse, AD is the closing error in departure, the correction for the departure of a traverse side of length L,, according to Bowditch rulo, is © Copyright: MADE EASY jo ued on 4lea MeN *uoneONGNd ASV 30¥H Ct 4 Kew ¥004 3 Conventional Questions Q.11 A closed traverse has following length and boaring. Find out the closing error and correct tho traverse for closing error by (a) Bowditch method (b) Transit method Tine fenath | BB |] polio | ae po] 190 | 130° co | 20 | 220° pa | se0 | sa Q.12 For the following traverse, compute the length of line CD so that A, D and E may be in one straight ling Line Longth (m) Bearing AB 110 ez BC 165 sora co 2 34606" DE 212 16718" Q.13 A closed traverse ABCD, in which the bearing of Ad has not been observed and the length of BC has boon missed out in recording, was conducted at Allahabad, The rest of the field record is as follows. Line Bearing Length (m) AB 18118 35 Bc 000" : co 35738) 408 DA : 28 @ wonvmadeeasypublications.orgroe cosy | 15 MADE ERSY _Workpook | fo Publications - What is the value of the missing moasuromont L 2 (rounded off to tho nearost 10 mm)? oe “or ©) aoe (a) 396.86m (b) 396.79m Ly 4 (0) 396.05m (d) 996.94m 3 oD (a aot GATE: 2011] 2 [Ese 2010] Q.7 The following table givos data of consecutive 3 coordinates in respect of a closed theodolite 3 ae i Conventional Questions [Station Nerhing] Southing |-astng] Westng| = or | co | oo. | | P| 400.75 300.5 % Q.11 A closed traverse has following length and oes | ee g bearing. Find out the closing error and correct = =n -_ é the traverse for closing error by (a) Bowditch method The magnitude and direction ofrrorofclosure § (6) Tansitmethod inwhole circle bearing aro x (@) 20mand 45° (o) 20mandsis° ee jterath(n)| 6. (©) 282mand31s* (d) 342mand 45° g | ‘oS [GATE : 2007) = See er co} 200 | zr Q.8 Inaclosed loop traverse of 4 km total length, oa| te | azo the closing errors in departure and latitude are (03 m and 0.4 m, respactivaly. The rolatve % 0.12 For the folowing traverse, compute the length Peccae tei eetiaterssten cel of line CD so that A, D and E may be in one (@) 1: 5000 (b) 1: 4000 ae (© 1:3000 (@) 1: 2000 Line Length (m) Bearing IGATE : 2015] pe he a BC 165 30°42" Q.9 The bearings of two inaccessible stations, S, cD 2 34606" (Easting 500, Northing 500m) and S, (Easting De ze 168 £600 m, Northing 450 m) trom a station S, were observed as 225° and 153° 26" respectively. The independent Easting (in m) of station Sis (@) 450,000 (b) 570710 (©) 550.000 (@) 650.000 [GATE : 2015] Q.101f Lis the porimoter of a closed traverse, AD is the closing orror in departure, the correction for the departure of a traverse sido of longth L,, according to Bowditch rulo, is © Copyright ‘mabe Ens sad vera ext youn wo, fu uy pasynin 0 pe2nporde: 0g eu yo0d e110 8G ON Q.13 A closed traverse ABCD, in which the bearing of Ad has not been observed and the length of BC has been missed out in recording, was conducted at Allahabad. The rest of the field rocord is as follows. Line Bearing Length (m) AB 1818" 335 Bo 90°00" : co 35736" 408 DA a 3 @ wonwmadeearypubeaionsong(F3 Multiple Choice Questions Q.1. The folowing readings were taken withal Dumpy level anda 4m levelling siaffona Continuously Sloping ground at 30 m intervals: 0.680 ™m, 1485 m, 1.855 m, 2.330 m, 2.885 m, 3.380 m, 1.055 m. The RL of the fourth point wag Calculated tobe 78.100, The RL ol the point that was read 0.680 m is (@) 80.750m (b) 79.780m (©) 78.420m (9) 77.740m [ESE : 2002) 0.2 Which of the folowing sights willbe applicable for a change point? (@) Back sight (b) Intermediate sight and fore sight (©) Fore sight (0) Back sight and fore sight IESE : 2009] 2.3 Which of the following torme related to lveling are correctly defined? 1.._Line of collimation — Line joining the inter- Section of the crosshairs to the optical Centre of the objoct glass and its continuation. 2, Back-sight— First stall reading takon alter the level Is set up 3. Fore-sight — Last stall reading prior to shifting of level, or termination ofthe process of levelling 4. Height of instrument — Height of contro of telescope above the ground whero tho lovol is set up, a4 as a6 Gay Levelling ©) 1.23and4 _() 1, 2and4ony (©) 1.2and3 only (6) 2.3 and 4 only IESE : 2013 Which one of the following statements is not correct? (@) Change point isa point denoting shiting of level. (©) Forleveling work bot centering and leveling of a dumpy level are prerequisite, (C) Bench mark is a point whose RL is always known, (2) None of the above IESE : 2008) 'n case of lovoling, backsight is (@) A fixed point of known elevation (©) The last staf reading taken before shiting the instrument {6) The irs staf reading taken ater setting the instrument (0) Any staff reading taken on a point of ‘unknown elevation [ESE : 2012) While levelling in an undulating terrain, itis referablo to set up the instrument on (2) the top of summit (©) the bottom of a valley (©) one sido of tho slopo (d) aflat location IGATE : 1992] Tho riso and fall mothod providos an erthmetic chock on (a) back sights and fore sights {(b) Intermodiato sights ‘© Copyright MADE ERSu @ wn madceasppubicationsorgMADE ERSY Publications (©) back sights and intermediate sights (@ back sights, intermediate sights and fore sights [GATE : 1992] During a levelling work along a falling gradient using a Dumpy Level and a Staff of 3m length, following successive roadings were take 1.785, 2.935, 0.360, 1.320. What will be the correct order of booking those four readings in alevel book? (BS : Back Sight, IS : Intermediate ‘Sight, FS: Fore Sight) (@) BS, FS, BS, FS (©) BS, IS, IS, FS as (©) BS, 18, FS, FS (d) BS, IS, BS, FS [GATE : 2006) A levelling is carried out to establish the Reduced Lovels (RL) of point R with respect to the Bench Mark (BM) at P. The staif readings taken are given below: ag Sia Siaien| 6S | IS 1.655 [050m] |=1.s00m o750m| 7 IFRL of P is +100.000 m, thon RL (in m) of Ris (® 103.355 (©) 103.185 (6) 101.455 (@) 100355 [GATE : 2014] Q.10 The arithmetical check for the computation of RL by “rise and fall” mothod is given by @ EFS - BBS = AL of last station point ~ AL of first station point = DFall ~ 2Rise (©) 28S - ZFS = AL of first station point ~ RL of last station point = ERise - ZFall (©) EBS - BFS = AL of last station point ~ RL of first station point = ERise - EFall (0) 28S - FS = AL of first station point = AL of last station point = BRise - EFall [ESE : 2000] Q.11 AL of floor ata building is 74.4 m, stall reading ‘onthe floor is 1.625 and stall reading when itis © Copyright: MADE EASY sujog aow ‘suoneoqied ASv3 JaWH ot eneu reales AWENAECD ur pain 10 paonpeide ojeeyuved wenum oun noun we} Kos a PaEuIiN 2 Ps warvaoae | 17 hold inverted with bottom touching the ceiling cf a hal is 2.870; then the height ofthe celling above the floor is (@) 3.583m (b) 3.953 m (©) 4.495 m (6) 4.594m [ESE : 2012] Q.12R.L ofa floor level is 200.490 m. Staff reading fon the floor is 1.695 m, Reading on the staff held upside down against the bottom of the roof is 3.905 m, Height ofthe ceiling is: @ 35m (©) 40m ©) 5.0m @ 60m [ESE : 2013) Q.13 Staff reading on the floor of a verandah of a schoo! building is 1.815 m and staff reading when held with bottom of staff touching the ceiling over the verandah is 2.870 m ALL. ofthe floor is 74.500 m, Height of the celling above floor is (@) 4270m (b) 4.685m (© 3.955m. (@) 4920m [ESE : 2014) Q.14in a levelling survey, the summation of all ‘backsights and the summation of all foresights are 7.475 m and 7.995 m, respectively. The reduction levol of the initial benchmark is 1000.00 m, The reduced level of the of point where the staff is held will be (@) 100.000m (©) 100.080m (© 107.395m (a) 107.475m [ESE : 2015] Q.15 ABench Mark (BM) with Reduced Level (RL) = 485.305 m has been established atthe floor of ‘a f00m. It is required to find out the RL of the ‘underside of the roof (R) of the room using Spirit Leveling. The Back Sight (BS) to the BM has been observed as 1.500™m whereas the Fore Sight (FS) to Fhas been observed as 0.575 m (taif held inverted). The RL(rn) of R wil be (@) 155.880 (b) 156.230 (©) 187.380 (6) 187.860 IGATE : 2006), @ winwmadeeasypubications.org18 | cow Engineering * Surveying Q.16 Abench mark has been ostablished atthe soffit ofan ornamental arch at the known elovation of 100.0m above mean sea level. The back sight Used to establish height of instrument is an inverted statfreading of 2.105 m, A forward sight reading wth normaly hold staff of 1105 mis lakon on recently constructed plinth, The elevation Of the plinth is (2) 103.210m (©) 101,000m (©) 99.000m (9) 96.790m, [GATE : 2010) Q.17 Thestaffreading taken on: ‘2 workshop floor using a level is 0.645 m. The inverted staff reading {aken tothe bottom of a beam is 2.960 m, The Feduced level of the floor is 40.500 m. The ‘educed level expressed inm) ofthe bottom of the beam is (@) 44.105 (©) 43.460 (©) 42.815 (6) 41.145 [GATE : 2016) (0.18 Consider the following statements: Reciprocal leveling eliminates the effect of 1. errors due to earth's curvature 2. errors due to atmospheric refraction 3. mistakes in taking leveling statf readings 4. errors due to line of collimation Which of these statements are correct? (@) 1,2and3 (©) 1,3and4 (©) 23and4 (@) 1,2and4 IESE : 2004) 0.19 Curvature correction to a staff reading in a differential leveling survey is (@) always subtractive (©) always zero (©) always additive (0) dependent on lattude [GATE : 2011] Q.20The combined correction of curvature and refraction for a distance of 1400 mis (@) 0.183m (©) 0.132m (©) 0.094m (6) 0.021m IESE : 1997] 120 Men ‘svoneoHand Asya ZaWHt o1 JeneW io—lans aYEIAKdOD @ rede 1149 peanposdes 9q Kew x00 S14) J ‘oVssHued UetM euy mown Woy het U) pa: 0.21 Which one ofthe folowing methods of leveling eliminates tho error due 10 curvature and refraction? (2) Fly levelling (©) Levoling by equalizing the distances of back sight and foresight (©) Check loveling (A) Precise leveling [ESE : 2003) 0.22 A plane, which is perpendicular to the plumb tine through a point andis tangential tothe level Surface at that point is calied a (2) Tangentialplane (b) Vertical plane (©) Levetplano (4) Horizontalplane [ESE : 2014) .23 Which of tho following statoments is FALSE? (@) Plumb line is along the direction of gravity (b) Mean Sea ovol (MSL) is usedas areterence Surface for establishing the horizontal control (©) Moan Sea Level (MSL) is a simpitication of the Geoid (©) Gecidis an equi-potential surface of gravity IGATE : 2015) 0.24 A lighthouse is visible just above the horizon at @ certain station at the sea level, Distance between the station and the light-house is 60 km, The height of the light-house is (@) 243.5m (0) 4.0m (©) 287.6m (@ 54m (ESE: 2010) (0.25 An observer standing on the deck ofa ship just 808s the top of lighthouse which is 30m above the sea levol. I the height ofthe observer's eye is 10 m above the sea lovol, then the distance ofthe observer from the lighthouse will be nearly (@) 254m (b) 243 km (©) 93.3 km (0) 59.7 km [ESE ; 1998) Q.26 A lighthouss is visible just above the horizon at € certain station at the sea lovel. The distance botween the station and the lighthouse is 40 km, © Copyright MABE ERSe D wnnmadceaypbearens ongMADE ERSY Publications The height ofthe lighthouse is approximately (@ 187m (©) 137.7 (©) 107.7m (a) 873m IESE : 1999) Q.27 How high should a helicopter pilotrise at a point Alustto see the horizon at point, ifthe distance AB is 40 km? @ 101.78m (&) t1050m (©) 107.75m (@) 105.60m [ESE : 2005] Q.284 sailor, standing on the deck of a ship, just sees the light beam from a lighthouse on the shore. Ifthe height of the sailors eye and of the lightbeam at the lighthouse, above the sea level, ate 9 m and 25 m respectively, what is the distance between the sailor and the lighthouse? (@) 28.8km {b) 31.4 km (©) 31.9km (9) 33.2km [ESE : 2007) Q.29 Alight-house is visible just above the horizon at @ certain station at the soa level. Distance between the station and the light-house is 60 km. The height of the light-house is (@) 243.5m (b) 4.0m, (©) 287.5m @ 54m [ESE : 2010] Q.30 Consider the following statements: Reciprocal levelling eliminates the effect of 1. errors due to earth's curvature 2. erfors due to atmospheric refraction 3, mistakes in taking levelling staff readings, 4, errors due to line of collimation ‘Which of these statements are correct? (@ 1,2and3 (b) 1,3.and4 (© 2,3and4 (6) 1,2and4 [ESE : 2004] Q.31 Consider the following statements: Reciprocal levelling is a method of levelling adopted when 1. the difference of levels between two points at a considorable dislance apart is to be determined with great precision. © Copyright : MADE ERS ng 816409 @ joa man “suotieogng ASV 3a¥H O318W uy aroun oy Aue wy posinn 0 peonpeides 89 Kew 08 Iu 0 Ved ON wariioak | 19 itis not possible to set up the level midway between two points as in the case of a deep valley or a river terror due to improper centering of evelis to be eliminated ‘Which of these statements is/are correct? (@) 1 only (b) 1 and2. (©) 2and3 (6) 1and3, [ESE : 2009] Q.32 Error due to inclination of line of collimation in lovelling across a river can be eliminated by (@) reversion (©) reciprocal ranging (©) reciprocal leveling {d) keeping level in middle [ESE : 2010] .33 Assertion (A): Reciprocal levelling is adopted todecide the precise difference cf level between ‘wo points ata considerable distance apart Reason (R): Reciprocal levelling eliminates errors due to: () Curvature (i) Refraction, and (ii) Line of colimation not being exactly parallel to bubble line (@) both A and R are true and R is the correct, explanation of A (0) both A and R are true but Ris nota correct, explanation of A (©) Ais true but Ris false (4) Ais false but Ris true ESE: 2011] Q.34 Following observations were taken during a reciprocal leveling: Instrumontnear | P| @ Stall roading atP [7.824 [0.928 ‘Staff roading at Q [2.748 [1.606 reduced lovol of Pis 140.816 m, the reduced. level of Qis (a) 138014m —(b) 139.616 (©) 140014m —(d) 141.616 [ESE : 2012] @ wrnadeeonpubteaionsorg20 | cow Engineering * Surveying 0.35 The following observations were taken during testing of a dumpy level: | ee EIT P a P 1am | 2205 m Q 1440m | 2060m The collimation error in the instrument was: (@) +0.055m (b) +0.005m (c) -0.055 m (9) -0.005 m (ESE : 2013] 2.36 Two stations P and @ are on the opposite banks Of a river. Following observations were takon in reciprocal eveling, a ‘Stall reading at P Q P 1400 | 3.500 on) eo | 2200 ALL. of P is 200.000 m, and then RL, of Q is nearly (@) 1993 (©) 201.7 (©) 2000 (A) 198.2 IESE : 2013] 2.37 In laveling between two points A and Bon the Opposite sides of a river, the level was first set Up near A and the staff roadings on A and 8 were 2.645 m and 2.30 m respectively. Tho lovel was then moved near 8 and set up; the respective staff readings thon were 1.085m and 1.665 m on B and A respectively. What is the true difference of level between A and &? (@) Aand Bare at same lovel (b) Ais 0.5825 m below & (©) Ais 0.4825 m below B (@) Bis 0.5825 m below A [ESE : 2014) Q.38 Which of the following errors can be eliminated by reciprocal measuremonts in differontial leveling? |. Error due to earth's curvature |. Error due to atmospheric retraction (@) Both land il (b) tonly (©) only (9) Neither | nor Ih [GATE : 2012] © Copyright : MADE Ens 1994 ASYa Za¥H 1 sx1BU I90!Qng a¥BLukdon @ : 2 2 z 2 MADE Ensy —— Publications (2.39 A lovel when set up 25 m from peg A and 50m {rom peg 8 roads 2.847 m on staff held on and 3.462 mon stalf held on 8, keeping bubble atits centre while reading. Ifthe reduced levels of A and & aro 283.665 m and 284.295 m respectively, what is the collation error per 100.0 m? (2) 0.015m (©) 0.30m (©) 0.045m (A) 0.060m [ESE : 2006) (0.40 When the bubble of aovel tube was moved by 10 divisions, the change in staff intercept was 0.05 m. If the distance between the staff and the instrument was 100m, then the sensitiveness Of the bubble tube is given by (@) 1.03sec of arc (b) 10.3 secof are (©) 20.6 sec of arc (d) 103 sec of arc LIAS: 1997) .41 Inaninstrument, the bubbie tube with divisions of 1 mm and a radius of 0.9 m has the sensitivity of : 1 @> © 5 1 1 Ow © x [ESE : 2012) (2.42 Two points A and 8 are 1630 m apart across a ‘ver. The reciprocal levels measured are: sadings on (in mp 2165 0.910 3810 2.355, ‘The true difforence in level between A and B would be (@) 1.255m (b) 1.355m (©) 1.545m (0) 1.645m, [ESE : 1999] Q.43 The sonsitiveness of a bubble tube ina level would decroaso if (@) thoradiuis of curvature of the internal surface of the tubo is increasod D vwnvmadecorpablcatonsoryMADE EASH Publications (0) the diamotor of tho tube is incroasod (©) thelenath of he vapour bubble is incroasod {@) the viscosity of tho liquid is increased [ESE : 2001] 0.44 The levelling stalf hold at a distance of 200 m ° read at 4.54 m with the bubble out of centre by 2 divisions towards the observer. If the sensitiveness of the bubble is 25 secs/division, and 1 division = 2mm, thon actual staff reading musthave been (@) 45m (0) 4.492m (©) 454m (@ 462m [ESE : 2015] Q.45 Which of the following options increase the sensitivity of a bubble tube? 4. Using a liquid of greater surface tension 2. Increasing the diameter of the tube . Increasing the length of the tube 4, Decreasing the diameter of the tube Selectthe correct answer using the codes given below: (@) 1and2ony (©) Sand 4only (b) 2and3 only (d) 1and 4 only [ESE : 2017] GE! Numerical Answer Type Questions Q.46 From an instrument position 8S reading of 2.4m is taken to nearby BM of AL 165 m. If FS is ‘3.5 m taken to grandstation P at a distanco of 2.2 km. The exact RL of point P will be @.47 Aine of levels has been run froma bench mark of elevation 23.47 mand ends at another bench mark of elevation 23.50 m. The sum of the ‘Backsights is 16.26 mand that of the Foresights is 16.29 m, The closing orror is [GATE : 1993] Q.48 Ina leveling work, sum o! the Back Sight (B.S.) ‘and Fore Sight (FS.) have been found to be 3,085 m and 5.645 m respectively. I the © Copyright MADE ERSY fog man ‘suoneaiaee ASYS 3O¥H OF 20 on 1o poanpoides 24 Kew 4009 sat \vojesisee usin aul snouts wo) hus ul pai watt | 21 o1 (PLL) of the starting station is RAL. (in m) of the last station Reduced Le’ 100,000 mn, th [GATE : 2015] Conventional Questions id Q.49 The following staff readings were observed successively with a level, the instrument having boan movod after third and fifth readings; 2.500 m, 1.700 m, 0.800 m, 2.200, 1.300 rn, 0,600 m and 2.400 m. Il the reduced level of benchmark is 165.000 m, find the AL of all points, also enter above readings in a page of level book. Q.50 Fora reciprocal leveling fallaring readings were taken, Instrument at Stal reading at [Staff reading at B] a 42m 272m 8 osem 195m If AL of point A is 200 m ‘A. Calculate the exact RL of point B B. Calculate the angular error if the distance between A & Bis 4. 260m 2, 2600m 0.51 The captain of a ship standing ont he deck, fist sees alight house of height 75m above MSL. If the highet of captains eye above MSL is 7m then: ‘A. Whatis the distance of ight house from the captain. 8. After some time, a point which 15m below the top of light house becomes visible to captain thon calculate the distance traveled by ship botwoen two instants. Q.52 The staff reading taken froman instrumentwhen bubble was at contre on a staff Kept at 250 m distance was 1,62 m. The bubble was then moved by 6 division and staff reading changed (@ wom.madeeasypublcations.org22 | civil Engineering * surveying MADE EASY to 1.95 m. If length of one division of bubble tube is 2.50 mm. Calculate ‘Bubble Reading () sensitiveness of bubble tube (i) radius of curvature of bubble tube Q.53 The following observations were made to determine the sensitivity of two bubble tubes. Determine which bubble tube is more sensitive. The distance of the staff from the instrument was 100 m and the length of one division of both bubble tubes is 2 mm. NSW i20!ang sWWBLsKdoD @ 28 penpeida) 04 ew oon IN) Jo Led ON “leg MON “suoHEDHand ASVa 3aYH 01 RHS @ 05 @ 2 @ 03, | 14 (@ wrnemmadeeosypubhicationsorg ©Copyright MADE ERSUContours, Area & Volume a4 az Consider the following statements about the Characteristics of contours: 1. Closed contour lines with higher values inside show a lake. 2. Contour is an imaginary line joining points of equal elevations, 3. Closely spaced contours indicate steep slope. 4. Contour lines can ctoss each other in case of an overhanging cli. Which of these statements are correct? (@) 23and4 (b) 1 and 2 only (© tand4 (6) 1,2and3 [ESE : 2008) Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): Except in the case of an over- hanging cliff, two contour lines cannot merge or intersect at a point on the map. Reason (A): Intersection of two contour ines. means one point on the surface of the earth will have two different elevations. This is not possible, Of these statements. (@) both A and Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A (b) both A and Rare true but Ris nota correct explanation of A (0) Ais true but Ris false (0) Ais false but Ris truce IAS: 1999] 8 s ‘ i jog wy hu posi 0 psorpoite ag fl yang S40 USON 9G Mal 'SUONEENNS ASV ZOWN uogsnunc uri a3 aa ‘Match List-! (Terms) with List-I (Description) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List Contour Line of collimation Tie line Magnetic meridian List Line joining magnetic North and South 2. Line joining subsidiary station on the main line 3. Line joining points of same elevation Line joining optical centre of the objective lens with point of intersection of cross-wires Codes: 99m A B cD (eae ec Cesar 3 4 1 2 ie ee [ESE : 2003) Assertion (A): A series of closed contours indicate ether a valley oral without any outlet, wien their elevations, respectively, increase or dectease towards the centre, Reason (R): Contour ines of diferent elevations Can unite to form one line only ata vertical cl. (@) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (©) both A and R are true but Ris not a correct explanation of A (©) Ais true but Ris false (@) Ais false but R is tue [ESE : 2004) © Copyright MADE ERS (Demadceaspubcoionsag| Qs a6 a7 as ag Civil Engineering © Surveying ‘contour may be defined as an imaginary ine passing through {a) Points on the longitudinal section (©) Points of equal elevation (©) Point of equal cal ground slope (@) Points of transverse soction surveys (ESE : 2012] A closed contour line with two or more higher Contours inside it will represent a (@) Depression (b) Hill (©) Cave (€) Welt [ESE : 2012] ‘The Reduced Levels (RLs) of the points P and Qare +49.600 m and +51.870m respectively, Distance PQ is 20 m. Tho distance (in m from P)atwhich the +51.000 m contour cuts the line PQis (@) 15.0 (©) ase (b) 1233 (6) 227 [GATE : 2014] Consider the following characteristics of contours: 1. Auniform slope is indicated when contour lines are unitormly spaced, 2. Contourlines cannot and anywhere butcan close on themselves, A set of closed contours indicates a depression or a summit, according to the ‘ower or higher values being respectively inward, Which of the above statements are correct? a (@) 1and2only (b) 1,2and3 (©) tand3ony (4) Zand 3only [ESE : 2017) What is the angle of intersection of a contour and a ridge line? @ x (©) 180° ) © (d) 90° [ESE : 2006] Q.10 Consider the following figure, which is an extract from a contour map (scale = 1:20, 000) of an area. An alignment of aroad at a ruling gradient (0f 4% is tobe fixed from the point Oand beyond, ° 2 z 2 3 2 2 a Q. MADE Eng, Publica What shouldbe the radius othe ae with ay the Genter to got the point of alignment of he ‘next contour on the map? 10m 30m 50m 70m (@) 0.025 em (b) 0.25em (©) 25cm (6) 80cm [GATE : 2006) 11 Following offsets were taken from a survey ine toa hedge: [Distance tam [ofisets (in my os 10 [1520 [a0 [40] 3/4 55/8] 6] 4 [45] The area between ‘Survey line and the hedge is (by trapezoidal method): (@) 185.52 (b) 187.5 m2 (©) 189.5m2 (2) 269.5 m2 [ESE : 2013) 12 Ina cross staff survey, the perpendicular offsets are taken on right and left of the chain line AD 88 shown in figure ~ all values are in ‘metres The area enclosed by ABCDEFA, computed by trapezoidal method is B40)m (20) m ee We C30) m (@) 3650m2 (©) 3200m? (©) 3475m2 (9) 3500me [ESE : 2014] Q.13 Match List! with Listll and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists ‘© Copyright @ wonvmadeconpbtcaonsorgMADE ERsY aartay | 25 Uist 9. 2-16 Which one ofthe folowing methods of computing A. Vertical cll 9 ‘area assumes that the short lengths of the B. Steep slopo 3 boundary betweonthe ordinatesare parabote arcs? c. Hill $ (8) Average ordinate rule D. Overhanging cliff ° (b) Middle ordinate rule Listit 8 © Simpsonsruo. 1+ Contour tines of iferent elevations uniteto. (@) Trapezoidal rule [ESE : 2009) form one line 2. Contour lines of different elevations cross © i i ee ce 5 Conventional Questions a aoa bl rebar er soe 2 7 Excavation is to be made for a reservoir ahem & measuring 20 m long, 12m vide atthe bottom ome 2 ‘and 2m doop. The side slopes are tobe 1: 1 A SE OmED and the top to be flushed with the ground which ore islovelin the vicinity. As per prismoidal formula, Olu ee the volume of excavation willbe GUE? piesa 0.18 A railway embankment is 16 m wide with side @4 21 3 Slope 2H: 1V assume the ground to be level in the direction transverse to the centre line. Calculate the volume contained in a length of 100 musing trapezoidal and simpsons method, ‘The centre height at20 m interval being (inmeter) 20,45, 40, 3.5, 25, 1.5. Q.19 In a proposed reservoir, the area contouring within the contours are: Gontours (in my] 100] 85 [80] 85] 80] 75] TOSS [ESE : 2000} Q.14 Which one of the following methods estimates best the area of an irregular and curved boundary? (@) Trapezoidal method (©) Simpson's method (©) Average ordinate method (6) Mid-ordinate method ved on Wl8G men 40H [ESE : 1998) Q.15 What is the volume of a 6 m deep tank having rectangular shaped top 6 m x4 m and bottom 4m x2 m (computed through the use of prismoidal formula)? (2) 96m? (© 92m* Aveatinna) | 32 [26|2a]aa[as[as| 7] Using the method of end areas calculate: () Capacity of reservoir when itis full at 100 m level. (i) Elevation of water level when itis 60% full Ignore the volume below 65 m level. sn 10 paonpoidas 99 feu yoo 514) (©) 94me (2) 90m8 [ESE : 2005} i emets, dowsenues venue © Copyight MADE EAU @ swnmadeeasypubeatonsorgQU Withregard ic Tigonomatric Leveling, which one Of the following statements is correct at its simplest applications? (@) Determination ofthe olevations of stations is based on the obsorved vertical angles and the horizontal distance, (©) Determination ofthe horizontal distance is based on the observod vertical angles, (6) Determination ofthe vertical angles is based ‘on the observed horizontal distances, (@) Determination ofthe horizontal distance IESE : 2015] Q2 A theodbolite was set up at P and the angle of elevation to the top of a mobile tower ST was 80°, The staff reading hold at a station of AL 110 m was 2.555 m, the telescope being horizontal, The horizontal distance between the foot of the tower and tho instrument station is 810m. The AL of the top of the tower is (@) 578.25m (©) 579.60m (6) 580.25 m (0) §82.40m [ESE : 2014] E]/ Numerical Answer Type a Questions Q.3 An instrument was set up at a point 200 m away from a transmission tower. The angle of elevation to the top of the tower was 30°42", ; a g : i i : g i f : i i i : : i ; i a i i i whereas the angle of depression to the bottom ‘was 2°30’, The height of transmission tower is Q.4. The vertical angles subtended by the top of a tower Tat two instrument stations set up at P and Q, are shown in the figure, The two stations are in line with the tower and spaced at a distance of 60 m. Readings taken from these two stations on a leveling staff placed at the benchmark (BM = 450.000 m) are also shown inthe figure. The reduced level ofthe top of the tower T (expressed in m) is, [GATE : 2016) Q5 Theodolte is placed at A and a 3 m long vertical staffis held at 8. The depression angle made at reading of 2.5 m marking on staff is 8°10". The horizontal distance between A and 8 is 2200 m. The height of instrument at A is 1.2m and reduced level of point A is 880,88 m using Curvature correction and refraction correction, the P.L. of point 8 (in m) is [GATE ; 2013) Conventional Questions Q.6 Inorder to determine the elevation of op ota Signal on a hill, observations were made from © Copyight MABE ensue 7 @ womnmadeconpibetioncersMABE EASY ——__Waritak | 27 two points Pand R. Allthree points areinsame | Q.7 Determine the FLL. of a church spire at Cfrom vertical plane. the following observations taken from two From P= 25°36" stations A and B, 50m apart. Angle of elevation 10 Q |r som = 16°5" ZBAC = 60°, ZABC = 50°. ‘Angle of elevation to top of spire from B = 29°. Staff reading on a BM of RL = 25.0 from A and B are respectively, 2.5 m and 0.50 m. Also calculate angle of elevation from Ato C. {fer P=2.755m Staff reading at 8M | com R = 3.855 m R.Lof BM = 105.42 m_ Distance between P and Ris 120 m, height of signal is 4m. Find out FLL. of foot of signal. 1” lang Asa 30VH 01 sonew 199fang "UOUAdD © sx ox angi so) Aue up posh 20 peonpoides oq feud Yoon sa 0 Wed ON “Wi9 MEN "SU S copyright: ROE ERSH @ wornmadeespibeatonsrgTacheometer Surveying a i Multiple Choice Questions O.1' The focal length of the object glass of a lacheometer is 200 mm, the distance between the vertical axis of the tacheometer and the optical centre of the object glass is 100 mm nd the spacing between the upper and lower line of the diaphragm axis is 4 mm, With the line of collimation perfectly horizontal, the staff intercepts are 1 m (top), 2m (middle). and 3m (bottom), The horizontal distance (m) between the staff and the instrument station is (@) 1003 (©) 1030 (©) 1500 () 1530 [GATE : 2008] nan external focussing tacheometer, the fixed interval between the stadia hairs is § mm; the focal length of the objective is 25 em; and the distance of the vertical axis of the instrument from the optical centre of the objective is 16 cm. The constants of the tacheometer are (@) 50;0.40m —(b) 50;0.25m (©) 100;0.40m — (a) 30;0.10m AS: 1997] a2 Assertion (A): When a contour survey of a steeply sloping area is envisaged, tacheometric methods are often used. Reason (R): Stadia tachoometry leads to more accurate computation of lengths compared to as i i i 5 : 2 i i i g & fe i i 5 i g i i 3 E a4 as Steeltapes measured in however cautious and careful manner, (@) both A and A are true and Ris the correct explanation of A (0) both Aand Rare true but Ris Rota correct explanation of A () Ais true but Ris false (@) Ais false but Ris true IESE: 1998) Following observations were taken with a transit fitted with stadia wires. The line of sight was horizontal and the staff was held vertical Reading on staff (mp Top hair 1726 Middle hair 2278 Bottomhair 2.830 The tacheometric constants k and C are 100 ‘and 0.4 m respectively. The horizontal distance between staff and instrumentis (@ 908 (©) 1008 (©) 1108 ( 1208 [ESE : 2012) Anallactic lens provided in a tacheometeris a (@) concave lens ‘© Copyight: MADE ERSS (©) convex ens (©) plano-convex lens lane lens 8 IGATE : 1992] @ rn madeeanpubicatonsorgmADE EASY ———— Publications Conventional Questions Q6 If staff readings taken on B and C by a tacheometer placed at Aare ‘Staff | Distanco (m)] Stadia reading (my 8 | 120 [23 [rer] 239 c | 200 [oss [193] 201 Calculate multiplying and additive constants of tachometer. (id ASV SON O1 stew iSefang 2ub}AAdo0 @ 10 peonpordes 0q Kew 000 #1 wed oN ‘vorsenused enum out inom wo} hue ui pe waresaa | 29 Q.7 A tachometer was sat up at a station A and the readings on a vertically hold staff at B were 2.256, 2.605 and 2.956, the lino of sight being atan inclination of +8°24’, Anothor observation on the vertically held staff at BM gave the readings 1.640, 1.920 and 2.200 m, the inclination of the line of sight boing +1°6’ Calculate the horizontal distance between A and B, and the elevation of 8 if the AL of BM is 418.685 meters. The constants ofthe instrument were 100and 0.3, © Copyright :mnOE EASY @ worwmadeesypubleatonsorgMultiple Choice Questions Ot” Which one of the folowing near methods of Sating outa circular curve needs reference of the centre of the curve? (2) Offset rom chord produced (©) Radial offset (©) Perpendicular otiset (@) Successive bisection of arcs [ESE : 2009) 2 Which of the folowing elements of a simple ‘curve are correctly matched? 1. Tangent nat... tan 2 fom. ann 3. Length of long chore - BRcosec 4. Mid-ordinate... Rversine® (Ris the radius and 4 isthe deflection angle) Setectthe correct answer using the codes given below. (@ 1and3 (©) 2and4 (©) 1 and2 () tana AS: 1999) 3 , Which one ofthe folowing is cartiog out by two theodolite method? (@) Circular curve ranging (0) Tacheometric survey (©) Geodetic survey ronomical surve (@ Astronomical survey ele as as az (@) 2Rsing (0) 2Rsin = © 2Reose@ (a) 2A tan $ (ESE: 2012) ‘The chainage of the intersection point of two Straights is 1585.60 and length ofthe curve in m), espectively are (2) 418.88 and 146803 (0) 218.38 and 1648.49 (©) 218.38.and 418.63 (@) 418.88 and218.33 IGATE : 2014) SIRES P Ne of rack eneceliy Staights with a dellecto angle of 60% The tangent length is (@) os77A (©) 1.155R, (©) 1.732R (0) 3.4645 IGATE : 2016) Forachordof 60m, the mic-orcinate fora circular curve of 60m radius will be (@) 10m (0) 125m (©) 15m (@) 18.78m (ESE : 1998) Two straight lines intorsoct at an angle of 60°, The radius of a curve joining the two straight lines Is 600m. The length of long chord and ‘mic-ordinatos in metros of tho curve are © Copyright MADE ERSu (@ wr madecasypibleatonsorgmen ea an Warkaax | 31 (@) 80.4,600.0 (bo) 600.0, 80.4 (©) 600.0,3989 — (d) 49.89,300.0 IGATE: 2007] necessary to set out the curve by the method of offset from chord produced with an interval of 30 m. Q.10 Two straights Al and BI meet ata chainage of 8450 m, A right -handed simple circular curve 1 250 m radius joins them. The detection angle between the two straights is 50°. Tabulate the necessary data tolayout the curve by Rankine's method of deflection angles. Take the chord interval as 20 m. nu ylgns Y8Kd09 © Q.9 Twostraights AB and BC intersectata chainage of 4242 m, The angle of intersection is 1400. It radius of curve is 350 m, calculate all the data no posnpoides 2q Kru ¥000 6 fu ot poe \yoyseqused votive ay mou w © Copyright: MADE ERS! @® wornmadeeasypublcations.orgQ.1 Theory of errors and adjustments deals with minimizing the effects of © @) instrumental errors (b) mistakes (©) systematic errors (@) personal and accidental errors [ESE : 2001] Ifthe weight of an angle A(= 40° 24 24 is 2, a2 then the weight of the angle 4 (= 13°28 08") willbe @4 @9 (0) #V8 (¢) 18 [ESE : 2008) Q.3. Consider the following statements associated with the laws of weights in the theory of errors: 1. If an equation is multiplied by its own weight, then the woight of the resulting equation is equal to the reciprocal of the weight of that equation 2. The weight of the algobraic sum of two or ‘more quantities is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the individual weights, 3. Ifthe quantity of a givon weights multipied by a factor, then the weight of the result is obtained by dividing its given weight by the square root of that factor. 4, Ifthe quantity of a given weight is divided by a factor, then the weight of the result is © Copyright MADE EASE [NG MEN ‘Sbosenard ASYA ZaYR 1 BHEW psfans 6UKGED @ ‘vosoued vein un Poca Ae pasta paonpcd 9 hw Yoon ana 0 ved ON a4 as a6 aE Accuracy and Errors Obtained by mutiolying its given weightby the square of that factor. Which of these statements are correct? (@) 1and4 (b) 2and3 (©) 3and4 (@ tends TAS: 1997] lf everyone of the three ‘angles of a triangle has 8 probable error of +1", then what wil be the Brobable error in the sum ofthe so-measured internal angles ofthe triangle? (a) £1” (b) #3” (0) 39" (2) ae" [ESE : 2009) From the probability ‘equation it is found that the most probable values ofa series of errors arising utof observations of equal weightage are tase for which the sum of their squares is (2) zero (0) infinity ©) rinimum (@) maximum [ESE : 2003) Ina survey work, three independent angles, X, Yand Z were obsorved with weights WW, Wp, respectively. The weight of the sum of angles X, Y and Z'is given by (0) Wy + Wy + Wy (A) WEE ewe [GATE : 2015) @ www madecasppubicationsorgmene ees iat | 99 Q.7_ The sides of a rectangle are120 + 0.05 m and ° 2 +£0,06m, The probable error in the area will F Conventional Questions (@ £16.8sq.m — (b) # 12.35sq.m S (© #162sq.m (¢) £11.53sq.m ——_@ Q.10 Following measurements were taken for a as: 1999] & quantity and their lengths are: Q.8 The measured radius of a circle is 60m witha 2 Length (m)| 254 | 258 | 263 | 267 | 258 possible error of 0.05minits diameter. Theetror § weightace| «| 8 | 9 | 7] 3 inthe computed area will nearly be ON ra (@) +65m2 (b) -0.65 m? & (9) Probable error in a single measurement (0) #12.6m? (@) 282m? e (i) Probable error of weighted average mean {Ese : 2014] 2 (ii) Probable error of single measurement of & woight Q.9. There are ten instrument stations occupied in succession during a traverse survey. An observer makes equal error in each station, the ‘magnitude of which is 68 in each instance at all the stations. What is the probable error of the final bearing at the end of the traverso? Q.11 Ifa computed value is S= (x+y) = (683.2 + 431.89) meter Find out the maximum and probable error in S and show the range of S. 1 on 19g moe 500 anne (a) +1060 {b) +100(58/ (© =10V60 (a) +1080 {ESE : 2007] 10 poonposdou 09 feu 900 #1 oun wioy hve ut p98 @ Copyighti MADE ERSH @ wwmnmadeeaspublationsorgPhotogrammetry Multiple Choice Questions .1 Aroad section of length 1 km scales @cmon a vertical photograph, The focal length of the Camera is 160 mm. Ifthe terain is fairly level, then the flying height will be (@ 20m (©) 2000m (©) 20km (@) 200km [ESE : 2001) 02 Aparicularrunway measures 6 cmon vertical Photograph, whereas the same runway measures 4m on a map plotted on a Scale of 1/24000, Zhe scale of the photograph at the runway elevation is (@) 1196000 (®) 1/4000 (©) 18600 (¢) 1/6000 (ESE : 2008] 3 Averical photograph was taken atan altitude ot 1800 m above MSL. If the focal length of the ‘camera is 20 m, the scale of photograph for a terrain lying at an elevation of 500 mis (@) 1:50 (b) 1: 100 (©) 1: 1000 (0) 1:25 IESE : 2000] A road section of length 1 km scales 8 cm ona vertical photograph. Tho focal length of the Camera is 160 mn. Ifthe terrain is fetly level, then the flying height will bo @ 20m (b) 2000m (©) 20km (4) 200km [ESE : 2001] a4 a6 az Ifthe original scale of a negative is +: 10,000 the ground resolution, considering that we get early 20 lines pair per mm, will be (@) 50mm (0) 20cm (© 2m (@) 25cm (ESE: 2011) ‘An image ofthe top ofthe hillis $6 mm from the Principal point of the photograph. The elevation the top ofthe hilis 600m andthe fying height is 4000 m above the datum. The relief displacement will be (@) 768mm, (©) 12mm (0) 88mm (@) 8mm [ESE : 1997) A vertical photograph of a chimney was taken {rom an elevation of 500 m above MSL. The elevation ofthe base ofthe chimney was 250m Uthe relist displacement of the tp of chimney was S1.4mmand the radial distance oftheimage Ofthe top ofthe chimney was 110 mm. the height of the chimney is (@) 233.64m (0) 133.2 (©) 116.82m (@) 58.41m IESE : 2002) Consider the following statements Assertion (A): Every point on the aerial Photograph which is displaced from its true orthographic position is called relief displacement Reason (R): Relief displacementincreases as the distance from the principal point decreases Of these statements {@) both A and R are true and Ris the correct ‘explanation of A © Copyright: MADE ERS D wrnninodccanpibicaioners| | MADE ERSY ———— Publications (©) both Aand R are true but Ris not a correct explanation of A (©) Ais true but Ris false (@) Ais alse but Ris true [IAS : 1996] Q.9 Asquare area (onthe surface of the earth) with side 100 m and uniform height, appears as 1 cm? on a vertical aerial photograph. The topographic map shows that a contour of 650 1m passes through the area. If focal length of the camera lens is 150 mm, the height from which the aerial photograph was taken, is (@) 800m (©) 1500m (@) 2150m (@ 3150m IGATE : 2018] Q.101f an overlapping pair of vertical photo-graphs taken with a 150 mm focal length camerahas an air base of 2100 m and the elevation of the Ceontrol point A on it is 900 m above MSL and the parallax of the point is 75mm, then the flying height above MSL of the stereopair will be (@) 3000m (b) 3150 (©) 5100m (6) 5250m [ESE : 1998) Q.11 The relationship between the air-base B, photographic base’, lying height Hand focal length ‘fof lens In a vertical photograph is sven by bH f @ B a (b) 6 ba b > -2 ogo @ 8-2 @ e= 2 [ESE : 2003] Q.12 In an aerial photogrammetric survey, if the ‘exposure intervals 20 seconds to cover ground distance of 1000 m between exposures, what ‘would be the ground speed of the aircraft? (@) 90kminour ——(b)._120km/hour (©) 150kmnour — (d)_ 180 km/hour IESE : 2005] Q.13 What is the actual ground area covered by a 20m x20 cm size vertical aerial photograph, ° 3 z 19.40 poanpoides 24 Kou 1009 # volssqued uerim ox noun wo} Aue UL pes at an average scale of 1 om = 200 m having 60% forward overlap and 30% side overlap? (a) 1.92 km? (0) 4.48 km? (0) 6.72 km? (6) 2.88 km? [ESE : 2005} Q.14 Ifa‘vertical aorial photograph, (20m x20 cm) insize, on aR 1: 10,000 has 60% longitudinal overlap and 40% side overlap, the actual round length covered by each photograph in the longitudinal direction of the flight will be (@ 4km (e) 6km (9) 08km (@ 04km IESE: 2011] Q.15 Which of the following can be used as a map substitute? (2) Terrestrial photographs (b) Vertical acrial photographs (©) Oblique acrial photographs (@) Vertical aorial photo-mosaics [ESE : 2008] Q.16 Consider the following statements: In aerial photogrammetry the filter’ is placed in front of the lens to 4. reduce the effect of atmospheric haze. 2. protect the lens from dust. 3. provide uniform light distribution over the format Which of these statements is/are correct? (@ 1and2only —(b) 2only (©) 1and3ony —@) 1,2and3 [ESE : 2010] Q.17'Iso-centre’is the point (a) inwhich the tilted axis of the camera meets the vertical photograph. (b) inwhich tho bisector of the angle of tit meets the vertical photograph air space, the location of the optical centre of the lens of the camera at the time of exposure (d) where the porpendicular from the nodal point moots the photograph © [ESE : 2010} © Copyright :mADE EASY ® ww madeeasypublicaionsorg36 | Civil Engineering * Surveying .48 Optimal tight planning for a photogrammetric survey should be carried out considering (2) onlyside-lap (0) onlyendlap (©) either side-lap or end-lap (@) both side-lap as well as end-lap IGATE : 2016] B/E) Numerical Answer Type 8 Questions Q.19 Atall towerwas photographed from an elevation 0f 700m above the datum. The radial distances of the top and bottom of the tower from the Principal points are 112,50 mm and 82.40 mm, respectively. If the bottom of the tower is at an elevation 250 m above the datum, then the height (expressed in m) of the tower is, [GATE : 2016] Q.20 Two towers, A and 8, standing vertically on a horizontal ground, appear in a vertical aerial Photograph as shown in the figure. The length of the image of the tower A on the Photograph is 1.5 om and of the tower 8 is 2.0 cm. The distance of the top ‘of the tower (as shown by the arrowhead) is 4.0.m and the distance of the top of the tower B is 6.0 ‘om, as measured from the principal point p of the photograph. If the height of the tower Bis 80 m, the height (in meters) of the tower Als , [GATE : 2017] !QNd ASV SOW 01 J0n}Bu Yae!aNs ayBuKOD © ym 241 oI Ho} Aue UI pas Jo PB=MpOIde: 9q Kew Yoog sn Jo ued ON i MADE Ensy ———— Publication Conventional Questions Q.21 Avertical photograph was taken from a height of 1850 m above MSL. Determine the scale of photograph for an area at average elevation of 275m above MSL. Focal length of camera (fis 150m. Q.22 A camera of focal length 20 em is used for a vertical photograph. The average elevation of the terrains 1900 m, At what height the aircraft should fly so that a scale of 1/1000 can be ‘obtained on the photograph. .28 Two points A and B having elevations of 650 m and 2507, respectively, above datum, appear on avertical photograph obtained with a camera of focal length of 250 mm and flying altitude of 2700 m above datum. Their correlated photographic coordinates are as follows: Photo coordinates Photo point x(om) y (em) 3355, 7254 > 7225 +559 Determine the length of the ground line AB. [ESE : 1997] Q.24 A section line AB 300 m jong on a flat terrain ‘measure 102.4mm on the vertical photograph, radio tower also appear on the photograph. ‘The distance measured from the principal points tothe image of the bottom and top of the radio, tower found to be 7 cm and 8 cm respectively. The average elevation of the terrain was 553 m. Determine the height of tower. Take f= 182.4mm, IESE : 2001) Q.25 The scale of an aerial photography is 1 om = 100 m. The photograph size is 20cm x20 em. Determine the number of photographs required to cover an area 10 km x 10 km, if the longitudinal ap is 60% and the side lap is 30%, (@ mmvmadecasypubicatonsongMane ens MADE ERSY viii ee Pull 37 Q.26 Atower appearsin two successive photographs | Q.27 A pair of photographs was taken with an aerial taken at an altitude of 4000 m above datum. ‘The focal length of the camera is 160 mm, The length of the air base is 300 m. The parallax for the top and bottom of the pole are 72 mm and 63 mm respectively. What is the height of the top of the tower above its bottom? [ESE : 2001] yew 1o9{ang au614do9 © camera from an altitude of 4500 m above MSL. ‘The mean principal base measured is equal o 95 mm, The difference in parallax between the two points is 2.50 mm. Find the difference in height between the two points the elevation of the lower points 450m above datum. What will be the difference in elevation if the parallax difference is 20.0 mm? © Copyight >MADE EASY © wiwnmadeeoypabicatonsorg