KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

LUCKNOW REGION
PRE BOARD EXAM
Class XII
Session 2023-24
Mathematics
Marking Scheme (Theory)

Sr. Objective type Question Marks

No. Section I
1. (c) 1
2 (a) 1
3 (c) 1
4 (a) 1
5 (b) 1
6 (d) 1
7 (a) 1
8 (c) 1
9 (a) 1
10. (c) 1
11 (c) 1
12 (b) 1
13 (d) 1
14 (b) 1
15 (d) 1
16 (a) 1
17 (c) 1
18 (d) 1
19 (b) 1
20 (a) 1
21. 2 x p/3 + p/6 1
= 5p/6 1
OR
cos$% {cos(680+ )}
= cos $% {cos(720 − 40+ )} ½
= cos $% cos(40+ ) ½
= 40+ ½
2p
= ½
9
22

½
 ½

23. ½

½
S

) = 3 + x and so f ′(x) = 1 > 0. Therefore, by first derivative test, ½

ocal minima of f and local minimum value of f is f (0) = 3.

cal maximum and local minimum values of the function f given by

½
f (x) = 3x4 + 4x3 – 12x2 + 12

f (x) = OR
24. 3x4 + 4x3 – 12x2 + 12
f ′(x) = 12x3 + 12x2 – 24x = 12x (x – 1) (x + 2)
f ′(x) = f′(x)
0 at x=12x
= 0, +12x –24x=12x(x–1)(x+2)
3 2
x = 1 and x = – 2. ½
f′(x)2 =0atx=0,x=1andx=–2.
f ″(x) = 36x + 24x2 – 24 = 12 (3x2 +2 2x – 1)
f′′(x) =36x +24x–24=12(3x +2x–1) ½
⎧ f ′′ (0) = −12 < 0
⎪
⎨ f ′′(1) = 48 > 0 ½
⎪ f ′′ ( −2) = 84 > 0
⎩
½
econd derivative test, Therefore,
x = 0 is by second
a point of derivative
local maximatest,and
x =local
0 is a point of local maxima and local maximum
value of f at x = 0 is f (0) = 12 while x =
at x = 0 is f (0) = 12 while x = 1 and x = – 2 are the points of local1 and x = – 2 are the points of local minima and
local minimum values of f at x = – 1 and
inimum values of f at x = – 1 and – 2 are f (1) = 7 and f (–2) = –20, – 2 are f (1) = 7 and f (–2) = –20, respectively.

25 Extreme value occur at 𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 0 1

ll the points of local maxima and local minima of the function f
For correct value 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = 3 1
26. The probability distribution of X is
f (x) = 2x3 – 6x2 + 6x +5.

f (x) = 2x3 – 6x2 + 6x +5

⎪⎧ f ′( x) = 6 x − 12 x + 6 = 6( x − 1)
2 2
⎨
⎪⎩ f ′′( x) = 12( x − 1)
1
gives x =1. Also f ″(1) = 0. Therefore, the second derivative test
, we shall go back to the first derivative test.
y seen (Example 30) that, using first derivative test, x =1 is neither
 P(X) 0.1 k 2k 2k k
n
(a) We know that ∑ pi =1
i =1
Therefore 0.1 + k + 2k + 2k + k = 1
i.e. k = 0.15
MATHEMATICS
(b) P(you study at least two hours) = P(X ≥ 2) 1
v cos v + v 2 sin v = P(X = 2) + P (X = 3) + P (X = 4)
dv
v+x= = 2k (using
+ 2k +(1)
k =and
5k (2))
= 5 × 0.15 = 0.75
dx v sin v − cos v
P(you study exactly two hours) = P(X = 2) 1
dv 2v cos v
x = = 2k = 2 × 0.15 = 0.3
dx v sin v − cos v
P(you study at most two hours) = P(X ≤ 2)
⎛ v sin v − cos v ⎞ 2 dx = P (X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
⎜ ⎟ dv =
⎝ v cos v ⎠ x = 0.1 + k + 2k = 0.1 + 3k = 0.1 + 3 × 0.15
= 0.55
− cos v ⎞
⎛ v sin v Integrals 1 175
175
efore ∫ ⎜⎝13.6.2 dv = 2 ∫ dx
⎟ of
27. v cosMean
v ⎠ a randomx variable
In many problems, it is desirable 5
to describe 11 11
1 1+ 3 (2 x +some
4) − 7 feature of the random variable Qxx −− by
Q == tt 11++ 2 dx dx == dt
dt
5 x
∫means 35.a−single
of
tan v dv Let ∫ = 2 ∫ that
∫ v Idv= number dx can dxbe 2
= ∫computed from dxits probability distribution. Few
dx xx xx2
x
such numbers are mean, x22 +median
4 x + 10and mode. x22 In
+ 4this section, we shall discuss mean only.
x + 10 11
log secisva5−measure
Mean log | 2vx| += log | x | +
of4 2location orlog
central
| C1 | tendency in the sense11that it roughly locates a xx −−
dx t
t 1 xx
tan−−11 C == 1 tan
tan−−11 1
2 ∫ sec
middle=or average value dx 7 ∫ random variable.
of −the == tan ++ C ++ C
C
2v 22 22 22 22 2
2
log x 2+ 4=x +log 10
| C1 |
x + 4 x + 10
= I11 + Iv22 x(say) ...(1)
...(1) 2
2 −11
11 −−11 xx −
5 2x + 4 == tan
tan ++ C
C
I1 =v ∫
where sec dx 22 22xx
2 = ±x 2C
2
+ 4 x + 10 ... (3)
v x2 1
xx22 ++ 44
Put x22 + 4x + 10 = t (2x +4)dx = dt 38. Let II == ∫
38. Let dx
dx
y 5 −−11//22 5 t11//22 xx44 ++16
16
2∫
acing v by = we
in equationI1(3), t get dt = =5 t
x 2 (1 / 2) 44 44
11++ 11++ 1
22
= 5 x⎛2 y+ ⎞4 x + 10 + C11 II == ∫ xx dx dx == ∫ xx22 dx
dx
...(2)
...(2)
sec ⎜ ⎟ 1616 22
⎝x⎠ dx xx22 ++ xx −−
44
++ 88
= C where, C dx
= ± C1 xx22
⎛ y ⎞2 = 2−7 ∫ 22
and I xx
⎜ ⎟ ( x ) x + 4 x + 10
⎝x⎠ 44 44
dx Put xx −− == tt
Put 11++ dx == dt
dx dt
= −7 ∫ dx xx xx22
⎛ y ⎞ 22 22
sec ⎜ (x ⎟+ 2=) C+ (xy6 ) DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS dt
dt 419dt
dt
⎝ x⎠ II == ∫ ==∫
= − 7 log | x + 2 + x 22
+ 4 x + 10 | + C ...(3)
...(3)
DIFFERENTIAL
tt22
EQUATIONS
+
+ 88 tt22 ++ ((22 419
22))22 1
h is the general solution of the given differential equation. DIFFERENTIAL
22 EQUATIONS 419
dx xx22 −− 44
Nowthe
mple 28 Solve isFrom
(1)differential (1), (2)
a linear and (3), weequation
differential
equation get of the form + P1dxx=== Q 11
,tan−−11 tt ++CC == 11 tan
1 tan tan−−11 ++ C
C
Now (1)2 is a linear differential 2 | x +2+ x 2 +
equation
2 dx of the dy form +22P1 22x = Q1, 22 22 22 2
2 2
2 22 xx
Now (1) is a linear I
–1 = 5 x +
y – x) dy equation
(tandifferential 4 x + 10 −
= (1 + y of 7 log ) dx. the form 4 x + 10 + C
+ P1 x = Q1, dyC,,
where Cequation = C11 +1 C22can be written − 1 dy
tion The givenwhere,
differential tan y . −1y xx ++ 22 xx ++ 22
28. P1 =
where, P
1
2 = and−1Q1 and = Qas=2 tan . 39.
39. Let Let II == ∫ dx ==∫
dx dx
dx
1 1 +sin y1 x −tan cos x2 1 + 1y x − cos
sin x x
x −
− 22 (
( xx −
− 3
3)) x
x
2
2 −
− 5 xx +
+ 6
1 + yydx. = 5 6
2
−1 +
where, P1 = dx 2 xand∫Q1tan
36. Let I = = y 2 ∫ 1 + sin 2x − 1 dx
1 y dx
We
We ...write,
write,
1 ++y = sin2 1 +2x1 y (1)
dy
Therefore, 1 + y 2
I . F
Therefore,sin xe−Icos =1 + ∫y dy
. F x= =1e+ y
2 ∫
1
dy
−1 dd 22
=∫
1 + y
e
2tan y
=dx
−1
e tan y xx ++ 22 == A A xx −− 55xx ++ 66 ++ BB == A A((22xx −−55))++ BB
2∫
1
dy 2 dx
dx
Therefore, I . F =sin x+ +ythe 2
=xof
cosgiven e+tanthe sin x − 1equation
x cosdifferential
2differential
−1
Thus, the solution
Thus, e of
the 2
1solution ygiven is
equation is Equating
Equating coefficients
coefficients of of xx and and constant
constant terms,terms, we we
sin
Thus, the solution of=the given differential x − cos x get
get
∫tan −1 y tan⎛⎜ tan y ⎞equation
−1 ⎛ tan dxtan −y1 y ⎞ tan is
−1
−1
y =22 ∫ ⎜⎟ e
x e⎛ tan−1 y ∫⎞ 1 +−1 y 2 ⎝ 1 + y ⎠
=
−1
⎟
dy e + Cy dy + C 11 ... (2) ... (2) 99
(sin xx +
e cos x ) − 1 2
⎝ ⎠ 2A == 11 A
2A A == and and –– 5A 5A ++ BB == 22 BB ==
x e tan y = ∫ ⎜ 1 + y 2 −⎟dt
−1 Put sin x + cosex = t dy +(costan y
C x – sin x) dx = dt ... (2)22 22
⎝ ⎠ −1 ⎛ tan y ⎞22 tan y
−1
1
1 2 x
x
2 5 −
− 5
Let I = ∫ 2⎛ tan = −ylog ⎞ | ttan+−1 yt⎟ e− 1 | +dy C II == ∫
−1

I−1= ∫t 2⎜− 1I = ∫2 ⎜⎝⎟1e+ y 2 dy

dx
dx
Let ⎠ 2
2 x 22
− 5 x + 6
⎛ tan y ⎞ ⎝ tan 1 +−1 y ⎠ x − 5 x + 6
I= ∫⎜ e y dy (where t = sin x + cos x) x) 9 dx
dx
Let
1 + y 2 ⎟
⎛ 1 ⎞ ++ 9 ∫
= −⎝ log | sin x ⎠ + –1 x + sin 2 x | + C
cos = 22 25 25
xx22 −−55xx ++ 25 −− 25 ++ 66
Substituting tan y = t ⎛so that 1 ⎜⎞ 2 ⎟
dy dt , we get
Substituting tan–1 y = t so that ⎜ 2 ⎝⎟1dy+ =
y dt⎠ , we get 44 44
⎛ x 221+1 ⎞ ⎝ 1 + y ⎠
Substituting tan–1 y 37. = t soLetthat dy t= dt , we get
I =⎜∫1 +Iy=2 dx ⎟∫ t e dt = t et – ∫1 . et dt = t et – et = et11(t – 1) 22 9 dx
dx
22 xx −− 55xx ++ 66 ++ 9 ∫
I = ∫⎝ txe4 dt +1 =⎠ t et – ∫1 . et dt = t et – et = et (t –==1)
4t
22 22 2 2
or t 1 I = tan −1 y1(tan –1y –1) 55 2 11 2
I = ∫ t e1 +dtI = = t tan et −–1 y∫1 e
. 1e–1+t ydt–1)= t et – et = etdt(t – 1) xx− − −−
or (tan 22 22
Substituting
=∫ x 22 e the value
dx = ∫
of Ix 2in2 equation (2), we
dx = ∫
get
Substituting ∫the22y (tan
1 –1 I∫in equation 2 2 2 9
== xx22 −− 55xx ++ 66 ++ 9 log
55
x +valueyof–1) 1tan 2 y (2),tan we
y tget
or I = etan
−1
22 2
xx−. e +=2 e (tan+−1 y −2 1) + C
−1 −1
log xx −− ++ xx 2 −−55xx ++ 66 ++C
C
22 22 22
Substituting the value of I inxequation −1
(2), xwe−1get
x . e tan y = e−tan 1
y
(tan −1 y− tan
− 1)y + C −1
 ⎝ 1+ y ⎠
Differentiating y = vx with respect to x, we get
Clearly, (1) is a homogenous1differential equation. To solve it we make substitution
⎛ ⎞
Substituting tan–1 y = t so that ⎜ dy2 ⎟ dyy==dtvx dv, we get
⎝ 1 + dxy ⎠= v + x DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 405
Differentiating y = vx with respect to x, dx we get
I = ∫ t e dt = t et – ∫1 . et dt =2 t et – et = et (t – 1)
t
dv dy1 +2v dv
or v–1+ x = + y= v + x
dx 1dx
−1
or I= e tan y (tan ydy–1) 22v dx
x
or
Substituting the value of I in equation = (2), we get ... (1)
dx dv 2 y 2
dv1 − v 1 + v 2
x−1 y+ x= −x1 =
or or x . e tan y = e tanvdx
−1
(tandx 2yv− 1)2+v C
Clearly, (1) is a homogenous
OR differential−equation.
1 To solve it we make substitution
or x = (tan −1y − 1)2+v C e− tan dv y
dx 1 − v 2
or ydv = vx
x
= =
which is the general
Differentiating y = vxsolution of
with respect v 2 to
1 −the given
x, wedx x
differential
get 2v equation.
Miscellaneous 2vdy 2v Exercise dx dx on Chapter 9
or 2
dv = =dv− =dv
2v + x x
1. For each of the differential v −dx 1−v
equations dx x below, indicate its order and degree
given
(if defined).
2vdv 2v 1 + v 2 1 dx
or Therefore
orand Differentiability 2∫ + 2x
v dv =dv− ∫= − dx
1v 2 =− 1 2v x x ⎛ dy ⎞
Continuity 2 3 2 119
d y ⎛ dy ⎞ v −dx ⎛ dy ⎞
(i) + 5 x ⎜ ⎟ − 6 y = log x (ii) ⎜ ⎟ − 4 ⎜ ⎟ + 7 y = sin x
or 2 dx 2
⎝ dx ⎠log | v2 – 1 | = – log | x | + ⎝log dx| ⎠C | ⎝ dx ⎠
2 1 2
d y p sin pt cos t p cos ptdv sin2tv 1 − v 2 1
2 d y 1 dy
∫ 2 =| = log |C1∫
= −
Therefore + dv = − dx (1 − x ) = m my + x
or or dx 2 4 3 log
⎛ |3(v – 1)
d ycos t d y cos dx
2
⎞ x3 (x)
v − 1 2v
| x 2 m dx
(iii) − sin ⎜ 3 ⎟ =2 0 t dx
or 4 (v – 1)
dy⎝ dx ⎠ log | Mathematics
dx Chapterwise-Topicwise x = ± C 2
or CBSE v2 – 1 | =1 – log | x | + log2| Cd1 | y dy
d 2 y − p2 y
x
dx (1 − x ) = m2 y + x
dx 2 v 2 dx
or = 2 + y 2 log | (v 2
dv–= 1) (x) | = log |C1| dx
1 dx 2 cos
Replacing v by
t cos, we t get 1 − v 2
x 2
= 1 x4 = 2a − 1 (v2 – 1) x = ± C1 d y dy
2 = 2a or − tan 2 t −t 1− (1 − x 2 ) −x − m2 y = 0
8 2 2t d y = − p02 y + x dy 8 2
cos 4 dx 2 dx
2v2 dx
2 y dx ⎞= −
or 1dx 1 ⎛ 2y −dv
t +1 = 2a Replacing
− + =v2by
a x− , v⎜we−2get 1I 1=⎟a x =−±1x C1 92. We have, y = ( x + 1 + x 2 )n
8 2 2 8d y 2 42 2 ⎝ dy x ⎠ 2
(1 − sin t ) = −p y + x Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
2 dx
2 v 1
/ 4 dx 2x
or
∫ (y ⎛ dv
–y 2x=) =
∫
−⎞ ± Cdx x or x2 – ydy = Cx
2 2 2
Therefore sin x + cos x = n (x + 1 + x 2 )n−1 1 +
142. Let I = ∫2 dxv 2 − 1⎜ 2 − 1⎟ xx = ± C1
1
d y 16dy dx 2 1 + x2
1/29.
2 (1 − x 2 ) 0 9 + − x sin+2 xp2 y = 02 ⎝ x ⎠
2
1 Put sin x – cosdxx = t dx (coslog
or x +| vsin–x)dx
1 | ==–dtlog | x | + log | C1 | 2
t− or (y2 – x2) = ± C1 x or xdy2 –= yn2(x=+Cx1 + x 2 )n−1 1 + x + x
−1 2 90. Given, x = a cos log
or sin –, y1)= (x)
+ b| (v 2
a sin| = –log |C1|
b cos
Also x 2= 0 2 t =2 – 1 and x= t =0 dx 1 + x2
1 x = a cos + b2 sin2 +42ab cos sin
or 2 2 2 2
(v – 1) x = ± C
2
2
2 and yt = (sin a2 sinx 2– cos
+ bx) cos= 1 ––sin2ab2xsin sin
1
cos2x = 1 – t
0 dy n(x + 1 + x 2 )n ny
0
Adding (1) and (2), dty we get 0
dt = = ...(1)
2= ∫ 2 v by
dx 2 2
Replacing
2 I
x +y =a +b x 2 2 , we =
get∫ 2
1 + x 1 + x
−1 (9 + 16(1 − t )) −1 25 − 16t Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Differentiating w.r.t x, we get
0 dy 2(xy )
dy dy 2 5 1 + x2 −
2 x1+ 20 y dt =0 x 1+ y 1 ⎛=y0 − 1⎞+ xt = ± C ...(1) 2 dx
dx ⎜ log 4⎟ d y 2 1 + x2
= ∫ dx
2
16 differentiating
= ⎝ x 2
16w.r.t. 5x, we get 5 ⎠ 1 =n
Again −1 5 dx 2 1 + x2
− t2 2 − 2t
or 4d 2 y 2 4 (y –4 x ) −=1 ± C1 x or x – y = Cx d 2 y
2 2 2
ny xy
dy
1+ y + =0 (1 + x 2 ) = n 1 + x2 −
1 2 1 / 4 2
log 1dx− log dx
2
2
t)dt) = dx 1+ x 1 + x2
40
Multiplying by y on 9 / 4both sides, we get
d2 y nxy
t= 1 2 d 2 y 1 dy 1dy 1 (1 + x 2 ) = n2 y −
4 2
= y 0 − log+ y = log+9y== 0 log 3 dx 1 + x2
40 dx 2 9 dx 40dx 20
d2 y dy
n t sec2 tdt OR 2 d 2 y dy (1 + x 2 ) = n2 y − x [From (1)]
/4 + y = 0 [From (1)] 2 dx
For y − x dx
143.correct dx 2 =solution
= 20
L.H.S. ∫ dx( tan x + cot x ) dx 2 d y
2
dy
0 m sin x−1 (1 + x ) +x = n2 y
91. / 4 We have, y = e 2 dx
2
tdt 30. /4 dx
sin x cos x sin x + cos x
= ∫
Differentiating +w.r.t. x, wedx get= ∫ dx 93. Here x = a sec3 1
cos x sin x sin x cos x
dy0 m sin−1 x m my0 dx
= a 3 sec2 sec tan = 3a sec tan
3
= e /4 = / 4 ...(1)
dx (sin x + cos1 − xx2) dx = 1 2− x 2 sin x + cos x d
t = 2 ∫ ∫ dx y = a tan3
and
2 sin x cos xw.r.t. x, we get
Again differentiating 1 − (sin x − cos x )2
0 𝑑𝑦 0 dy
:(1 −/4𝑥 ) < =dy𝑚𝑦 y = a 3 tan2 sec2
=d 2 y2 ∫diff. w.r.t.1𝑑𝑥− xx + cos−x
sin 2
dx (−2 x )
d 1
Again =0m 1 − (sin xxdx and2solve 2 −x 2we get
1 dy dy / d 3a tan2 sec2 tan
2 − cos x ) = = = = sin
dx dx dx / d 3 sec
Let sin x – cos x = t then x 2 ) x + sin x) dx = dt
(1 −(cos 3a sec tan 1
t sec2 t) as 2nd On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Also, x = 0 d 2ty= – 1 and x = xy /4 t = 0.
2
/ (41 − x ) = m my + 0 [From (1)] d2 y d cos 1
dx 2 1− x 2 dt = cos = = cos 4 cot
 (1 − x 2 ) = m my + x
314 dx 2 m dx
CBSE Chapterwise-Topicwise Mathematics
2
2 d y dy
314(15.− x Let) the=person m2 y + takes
x
dx 2 dx x tablets of type X and y From the CBSE table, we find that 8 is the minimum
Chapterwise-Topicwise Mathematics value
tablets of2type Y. of Z at G(1, 6). Since the region is unbounded we
5. (1According d y to the dygiven2xconditions, X and y
−Let
x 2 the
) person − x takes − m y tablets
=0 of we
typehave Fromhave thetotable,
checkwe find
that thethat 8 is the minimum
inequality 2x + y < 8 value
in open
2 dx
tablets
6x +of2ytypedx18Y. 3x + y 9 of Z at G(1, 6). Since the
half plane has any point in common region is unbounded
or not. we
According
3x + 3y to21the given x + yconditions,
7 we have have to check y<
92.6x We 2 n Since, it hasthat the inequality
no point in common. 2x +So, Z 8is in open
minimum
+2x2y+have,
4y18 y16= (3x x ++ x+ y1 +
2y9x )8 halfatplane
31. Differentiating
3x + 3yz be21the w.r.t.x x, we
y get
+cost 7of tablets. G (1, has anythe
6) and point in common
minimum valueorofnot.
Z is 8.
Let total Since, Z is of
2x +dy4y z =162x + yx + 22yn−18 2x Hence, the person should take 1So,
it has no point in common. tablet minimum
type X and
=n + given
xtotal
(the + xLPP
1cost 1+
) tablets. at G6 (1, 6) and the minimum value of Z is
tablets of type Y in order to meet the requirements8.
z
LetHence,
be the of is
dx 2 1 + x2
z = 2x + yZ = 2x + y
Minimise
Hence,
at thethe cost. take 1 tablet of type X and
person should
minimum
Hence, 6 tablets of type Y in order to meet the requirements
dy theto
subject given LPP2 isn−1 1 + x 2 + x
the constraints 6. Let x and y be the number of days, factory I
= n ( x + 1 + x ) at the minimum cost.
n – b cos dx + y 9, x + y y 7, x + 2y 1 +8 xand
Minimise
3x Z = 2x + 2 x, y 0 and factory II have to be in operation to produce the
sin subject to the constraints
To solve graphically, we convert the inequations into 6. order,
Let xrespectively.
and y be the number of days, factory I
os 3x + y 9, x + y 7, x + 2y 8 and x, y 0
equations.
dy n(x + 1 + x 2 )n ny and factory II have to be in operation to produce the
To solve
3x += ygraphically,
= 9, x + y =we 7, xconvert
=+ 2y =the8, xinequations into
= 0, y = 0...(1) Calculator Factory I Factory II Requirement
dx 2 2 order, respectively.
equations. 1 + x 1 + x
The line 3x + y = 9 meets the coordinate axes at 40
A 50 6400
3x +
Again y = 9)
9, xand+ yB(3,
differentiating
A(0, = 7, x + Similarly,
w.r.t.
0). x,
2ywe getx =x0,+ yy==0 7 meets the
= 8, Calculator Factory I Factory II Requirement
Thecoordinate
line 3x +2 axes y dy= 9at meets
C(0, the
2(xy )7) and coordinate
D(7, 0). axes
Also,atline B 50 20 4000
1 + xB(3, 0).−Similarly, x + y = 7 meets the A 50 40 6400
...(1) A(0, 9) and
d 2 y x + 2y = 8 meets dx 2 the coordinate
2
+ xand
17)
axes at E(0, 4),
B
C
50
30 20
40
4000
4800
n 0) axes at C(0,
coordinate
=F(8, D(7, 0). Also, line
dxx2 +The 2y point
= 8 meets
2
+ xthe
of 1intersection coordinate at +E(0,
axes 3x
of the lines y = 94),and C
Cost 12000
30
15000
40 4800
F(8,x 0)+ y 2= 7d 2isyG(1, 6). (in `)
2 ny xy Costinequations 12000thus formed 15000 based on the given
+ x the
The(Also,
1point )of point= n of 1intersection
intersection + xof the linesof − +
3x
the y = x9 +and
lines y=7 The
2 2
x +Maximum
y = x7 +
and
dx value = 140 1 + x
G(1,
is 2y = 86).is H(6, 1). 1 + x2 (in `)
problem are as follows :
ORthe2 point
Also, d 2 y of intersection nxy of the lines x + y = 7 The50x inequations
+ 40y 6400 thus formed
5x + 4y based640, on the given
and x + 2y = 82 is= H(6,
( 1 + x ) n2 y −1). problem are as follows :
dx 1 + x2 50x + 20y 4000 5x + 2y 400,
50x30x+ 40y+ 40y6400 4800 5x 3x + 4y+ 4y640, 480; x, y 0
2
2 d y 2 dy 50x + 20y 4000 5x + 2y 400,
(1 + x ) =n y −x [From (1)] Let Z be the total cost of production.
[From (1)] dx 2 dx 30x + 40y 4800 + 3x
Z = 12000x + 4y 480; x, y 0
15000y
2
d y dy Let Z
So, the given LPP can production.
be the total cost of be mathematically stated as
(1 + x 2 ) +x = n2 y Z = 12000x +12000x
15000y+ 15000y
2 dx Minimise Z =
dx
So,Subject
the given to LPP can be mathematically stated as
constraints
93. Here x = a sec3
Minimise Z
5x + 4y 640, 5x + +2y15000y
= 12000x 400, 3x + 4y 480; x, y 0
dx
= a 3 sec2 sec tan = 3a sec tan
3
...(1) Subject
To to constraints
solve the LPP graphically, we convert inequations
d
3 5x into
+ 4y equations
640, 5x + 2y 400, 3x + 4y 480;
to obtain the following x, :y 0
lines
and y = a tan
To 5x
solve the LPP graphically, we convert
+ 4y = 640, 5x +2y = 400, 3x + 4y = 480, x = 0 inequations
dy
= a 3 tan2 sec2 intoand
equations
y = 0 to obtain the following lines :
d
5x + 4y
The line = 640,
5x +5x4y +2y
= 640 = meets 4y = 480, xaxes
400, 3xthe+ coordinate = 0at
dy dy / d 3a tan2 sec2 tan y = 0 0) and B(0, 160)
The=shaded = AGHF represents sin region andA(128,
= the=feasible
dx dx / d region 3a sec3 tan sec The line 5x 5x
+ 4y = 640 meets thethe
coordinate axes at at
of the given LPP. The corner points of the feasible The line + 2y = 400 meets coordinate axes
OnThe differentiating w.r.t. x, we get A(128, 0) and B(0, 160)
shadedare
region A(0, AGHF
region 9), G(1,represents
6), H(6, 1)theandfeasible region
F(8, 0). C(80, 0) and D(0, 200)
[From (1)] d 2ofy the
The given d LPP.
values The
of the cos corner points
objective 1 of
function thethese
4 at points TheThe
feasible lineline
5x 3x
+ 2y = 400
+ 4y meets
= 480 meetsthethe
coordinate
coordinate axes at at
axes
= cos = = cos cot
dx region are
2 are given A(0,
dx in 9),
theG(1, 36), H(6,
following
3a sec tan 1)
table
3and
a : F(8, 0). C(80, 0) and D(0, 200)
E(160, 0) and F(0, 120)
The values of thePoints
Corner objective functionValueatofthese points
Z = 2x +y The line 3x + 4y = 480 meets the coordinate axes at
are given in the The point of intersection of lines 5x + 4y = 640 and
A(0,following
9) table2 ×
: 0+9=9 E(160, 0) and F(0, 120)
CornerG(1, Points6) 2 × 1 +of6 Z
Value == 2x + y
8 (Minimum) 5x + 2y = 400 is Q(32, 120).
The point of intersection of lines 5x + 4y = 640 and
A(0,H(6,9) 1) 2 ×20×+69+=19= 13 The point of intersection of lines 5x + 4y = 640 and
G(1,F(8,6) 0) 2 ×21×+ 86 += 08 =
(Minimum) 5x + 2y = 400 is Q(32, 120).
16 3x + 4y = 480 is P(80, 60).
H(6, 1) 2 × 6 + 1 = 13 The point of intersection of lines 5x + 4y = 640 and
F(8, 0) 2 × 8 + 0 = 16 3x + 4y = 480 is P(80, 60).
From the table, we find that 8 is the minimum value of Z at G(1, 6). Since the region
is unbounded we have to check that the inequality 2x + y < 8 in open half plane has
any point in common or not.
Since, it has no point in common. So, Z is minimum at G (1, 6) and the minimum
value of Z is 8.
32. Here the equation 𝑦 < = 6𝑥 + 4 is a parabola having its vertex at x = -2/3 The line 1
parallel to y-axis is x = 2 at a 2 units distance Similarly 𝑦 < = 6𝑥 + 4 has even
power of y and is symmetrical about x-axis So the required area can be written
 R = {(2, 8), (3, 27)}
So, the range of R is {8, 27}. R is not an equivalence relation.
3. Here, R = {(a, b) A × A : 2 divides (a – b)} 7. We have S = {(a, b) : a b3} where a, b R.
This is the given equivalence relation, where 1 1
3
A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (i) Reflexive : We observe that, is not true.
[0] = {0, 2, 4}. 2 2
1 1
4. For transitivity of a relation, , S. So, S is not reflexive.
2 2
If (a, b) R and (b, c) R (a, c) R (ii) Symmetric : We observe that 1 33 but 3 1
We have,< R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} i.e., (1, 3) S but (3, 1) S. So, S is1not symmetric.
(1, 2)= ∫BR 𝑦𝑑𝑥
Area and (2, 1) R but (1, 1) R (iii) Transitive : We observe that, 101 33 and 3 23
<
Area R= is
∫B not transitive.
:(6𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 1 but 10 2
On
5. solving
Given we A =get
{1, 2, 3, 4,...,9} N, the set of natural i.e., (10, 3) S and (3, 2) S but (10, 1 2) S
= 56/9
numbers. So, S is not transitive.
33. To show : R is an equivalence relation. S is neither reflexive, nor symmetric, no
(i) Reflexivity : Let (a, b) be an arbitrary element of transitive. 1
A × A. Then, we have (a, b) A × A a, b A
a+b=b+a 8. We have R = {(a, b) : (a – b) is divisible by 5}
(by commutativity of addition on A N) (i) Reflexive : For any a Z,
(a, b) R (a, b) a – a = 0, which is a multiple of 5.
Thus, (a, b) R (a, b) for all (a, b) A × A (a, a) R
So, R is reflexive. Hence, R is reflexive. 1
(ii) Symmetry: Let (a, b), (c, d) A × A such that (ii) Symmetric : For any a, b Z, let (a, b) R
(a, b) R (c, d) a + d = b + c b + c = a + d (a – b) is a multiple of 5.
c+b=d+a (a – b) = 5m, m Z (b – a) = –5m
(by commutativity of addition on A N) (a, b) R (b, a) R
(c, d) R (a, b).
Hence, R is symmetric.
Thus, (a, b) R (c, d)
(iii) Transitive : For any a, b, c, Z, let (a, b) R and
(c, d) R (a, b) for all (a, b), (c, d) A × A.
So, R is symmetric. (b, c) R
(iii) Transitivity: Let (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) A × A such (a – b) = 5m and (b – c) = 5n; m, n Z
that (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f) a – b + b – c = 5m + 5n; m, n 1Z
7
Now, (a, b) R (c, d) a + d = b + c ...(i) a – c = 5(m + n); m, n Z
and (c, d) R (e, f) c + f = d + e ...(ii) a – c is a multiple of 5.
Detailed Solutions
Adding (i) and (ii), we get i.e., (a, b) R and (b, c) R (a,1c) R
(a + d) + (c + f) = (b + c) + (d + e) Hence, R is transitive.
a+f=b+e (a, b) R (e, f) R is an equivalence relation.
ere x, y N. Thus, (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f) (a, b) R (e, f).
So, R is transitive.
R is an equivalence relation. 1
Equivalence class for [(2, 5)] is {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 7), (5, 8) (6, 9)}.
OR
6. Here, R = {(x, y) | x N, y N and 2x + y = 24}
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 11}
1, 2, 3} Range of R = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 ,..., 22}
R is not reflexive as if (2, 2) R
than 5}. 2 2 + 2 = 6 24
In fact R is neither symmetric nor transitive.
R is not an equivalence relation.
des (a – b)} 7. We have S = {(a, b) : a b3} where a, b R.
where f is one one 1 1
3
(i) Reflexive : We observe that, is not true.
2 2
1 1
, S. So, S is not reflexive.
2 2
R (ii) Symmetric : We observe that 1 33 but 3 13
i.e., (1, 3) S but (3, 1) S. So, S is not symmetric.
R (iii) Transitive : We observe that, 10 33 and 3 23
but 10 23
e set of natural i.e., (10, 3) S and (3, 2) S but (10, 2) S
 ⎢⎣ 3 –2 4 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 6 1 –2⎥⎦
x – y + 2z = 1
2y – 3z = 1
Hence range = codomain
F is onto 3x – 2y + 4z = 2
34 ⎡1 –1 2⎤ ⎡ –2 0 1 ⎤
⎢ –3⎥ ⎢ 9 –3⎥
Solution Consider the product ⎢ 0 2
⎥ ⎢
2
⎥
⎢⎣ 3 –2 4 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 6 1 – 2 ⎥⎦

140 MATHEMATICS

⎡ − 2 − 9 + 12 0 − 2 + 2 1 + 3 − 4⎤ ⎡1 0 0⎤ 1
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
= ⎢ 0 + 18 − 18 0 + 4 − 3 0 − 6 + 6⎥ = ⎢0 1 0⎥
⎢⎣ − 6 − 18 + 24 0 − 4 + 4 3 + 6 − 8⎥⎦ ⎢⎣0 0 1⎥⎦

⎡ 1 –1 2 ⎤
–1
⎡ –2 0 1 ⎤ 1
Hence ⎢ 0 2 –3 = ⎢ 9 2 –3⎥
⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ 3 –2 4 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 6 1 –2⎦⎥
Now, given system of equations can be written, in matrix form, as follows
⎡1 –1 2 ⎤ ⎡ x ⎤ ⎡1 ⎤ 1
⎢0 2 –3⎥ ⎢ y ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢1 ⎥
⎢⎣ 3 –2 4 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ z ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 2⎥⎦

−1
⎡ x ⎤ ⎡1 −1 2 ⎤ ⎡1 ⎤ ⎡ –2 0 1 ⎤ ⎡1⎤ 1
⎢ y⎥ ⎢
or ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢0 2 −3⎥⎥ ⎢⎢1 ⎥⎥ = ⎢⎢ 9 2 –3⎥⎥ ⎢⎢1⎥⎥
⎢⎣ z ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 3 −2 4 ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣2 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 6 1 –2⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ 2⎦⎥

⎡ −2 + 0 + 2⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
= ⎢ 9 + 2 − 6 ⎥ = ⎢5 ⎥
⎢⎣ 6 + 1 − 4 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 3⎥⎦
Hence x = 0, y = 5 and z = 3
Example 34 Prove that
35 a + bx c + dx p + qx a c p
2
∆ = ax + b cx + d px + q = (1 − x ) b d q
u v w u v w

Solution Applying R1 → R1 – x R2 to ∆, we get

a (1 − x 2 ) c (1 − x 2 ) p (1 − x 2 )
∆= ax + b cx + d px + q
u v w

a c p
2
= (1 − x ) ax + b cx + d px + q
u v w
 x y z
The equation of two given straight lines in the Cartesian form are   ........ i  and
1 1 1
x1 y1 z
  .........  ii 
0 2 1
The lines are not parallel as direction ratios are not proportional. Let P be a point on straight line 1
 i  and Q be a point on straight line  ii  such that line PQ is perpendicular to both of the lines. 2

Let the coordinates of P be   ,   ,   and that of Q be  1, 2  1,   ; where '  ' and '  ' are
1
scalars. 2
Then the direction ratios of the line PQ are    1,    2  1,    

Since PQ is perpendicular to straight line  i  , we have,

1
(  1).1  (    2  1).( 1)  (   ).1  0 2

 3  3  2......  iii 
1
Since , PQ is perpendicular to straight line  ii  , we have 2
0.    1      2  1 .( 2)       .1  0  3  5  2........  iv  1

2
Solving  iii  and  iv  , we get   0,   1
3
 2 2 2
Therfore , the Coordinates of P are  ,  ,  and that of Q are  1, 1, 0
 3 3 3 1

2Page 16 of 19
2 2 2
 2  2  2
So, the required shortest distance is  1  3    1  3    0  3   3
units.
     

OR
Section –E

[This section comprises solution of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with two sub
parts. Solution of the first two case study questions have three sub parts (i),(ii),(iii) of marks 1,1,2
respectively. Solution of the third case study question has two sub parts of 2 marks each.)

36 Let E1 , E2 , E3 be the events that Jayant, Sonia and Oliver processed the form, which are clearly

pairwise mutually exclusive and exhaustive set of events.

50 5 20 1 30 3
Then P  E1    , P  E2    and P  E3    .
100 10 100 5 100 10

Also, let E be the event of committing an error.

We have, P  E | E1   0.06 , P  E | E 2   0.04 , P  E | E 3   0.03.

(i) The probability that Sonia processed the form and committed an error is given by

1
P  E  E2   P  E2  . P  E | E2    0.04  0.008. 1
5

(ii) The total probability of committing an error in processing the form is given by

P  E   P  E1  . P  E | E1   P  E2  . P  E | E2   P  E3  . P  E | E3 

50 20 30
P E   0.06   0.04   0.03  0.047. 1
100 100 100

(iii) The probability that the form is processed by Jayant given that form has an error is given by
 9 – 6 = – 1 ; 3 + 6 = 5 ; 6 + 12 = 10
= –4, = –2.
The given lines intersect and their point of 1 2
Solving first two equations, we get = , =
intersection is (–1, –6, –12) . 3 3
which also satisfy third equation.
18. The given line is 1
Put = in (i), we get the point of intersection of
x − 11 y + 2 z + 8 3
= = = (say) ...(i)
10 −4 −11 lines is i + 2 j + 3k (1, 2, 3) .
Any point on it is
M(10 + 11, –4 – 2, –11 – 8). 21. Any point on the given line,
Let the given point be P(2, –1, 5) x − 1 y + 1 z + 10
= = = k (say) ...(i)
D.r’s of PM are 10 + 11 – 2, –4 – 2 + 1, –11 –8 –5. 2 −3 8
i.e., 10 + 9, –4 – 1, – 11 – 13. is R(2k + 1, –3k – 1, 8k –10)
As line (i) is to PM, so If this is the foot of the from P(1, 0, 0) on (i), then
(10 + 9) · 10 + (–4 –1) · (– 4) (2k + 1 –1) · 2 + (–3k – 1 – 0) · (–3)
+ (–11 – 13) · (–11) = 0 + (8k –10 – 0) · 8 = 0
(100 + 16 + 121) + (90 + 4 + 143) = 0 4k + 9k + 3 + 64k – 80 = 0
237 + 237 = 0 = –1. 77k = 77 k = 1.
D.r’s of PM are –1, 3, –2 i.e., 1, –3, 2. R is (3, –4, –2).
Eq. of the line PM is This is the required foot of perpendicular.
x − 2 y +1 z − 5 Also, perpendicular distance = PR
= = ...(ii)
1 −3 2 = (3 − 1)2 + (− 4 − 0)2 + (− 2 − 0)2 = 24 = 2 6 units.
If Q( , , ) is the image of P in line (i), then M is the
x −1 y z
mid point of PQ. Also eq. of PR is = =
Here, M (1, 2, 3) 2 −4 −2
+2 −1 +5 22. Any point on the given line
= 1, = 2, =3 x y−2 z −3
2 2 2 = = = k (say) ...(i)
= 0, = 5, = 1 2 3 4
Q(0, 5, 1) is the image of P in line (i) is R(2k, 3k + 2, 4k + 3).
If R is the foot of the from P(3, –1, 11) on (i), then
and PQ = (2 − 0)2 + (−1 − 5)2 + (5 − 1)2 line PR has d.r’s 2k – 3, 3k + 2 + 1, 4k + 3 –11
= 56 = 2 14 units 2(2k – 3) + 3(3k + 3) + 4(4k – 8) = 0
29k – 29 = 0 k = 1.
19. Refer to answer 16. D.r’s of perpendicular line are –1, 6, –4.
36. (i)
As it is drawn through P(3, –1, 11), so its eq. is
20. Here a = −2i + 3 j + 5k, b = 7i − k x − 3 y + 1 z − 11
Equation of line joining A and B is, = =
−1 6 −4
r = a + (b − a ) Now foot of is R(2, 5, 7)
r = −2i + 3 j + 5k + (9i − 3 j − 6k) ... (i) and length of the perpendicular = PR
Again, c = −3i − 2 j − 5k, d = 3i + 4 j + 7k = (2 − 3)2 + (5 + 1)2 + (7 − 11)2 = 53 units.
Equation of line joining C and D is,
x +2
y +1 z − 3
r = c + (d − c ) 23. Any point on the line =
= = (say)
3 2 2
r = −3i − 2 j − 5k + (6i + 6 j + 12k) ... (ii) is of the form Q(3 – 2, 2 – 1, 2 + 3) ...(i)

(ii)
 (iii)

= 0.083
37. (i) 5 𝚤D + 3𝚥F & 9𝚤D + 8 𝚥F 1
(ii) |JJJJJJJJJ⃗
𝐴𝐷 | = √85 1
N P
(iii) 𝚤D + 2𝚥F & O 𝚥F + O 𝑘R 2
38. (i) 𝐴 = 4𝑥 :(400 − 𝑥 < 1
1
 ST V(<BB$U W )
SU
= √NBB$U W
SW T
(ii) SU W < 0 1
𝑥 = 10√2 1
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 800