2 different languages within the repertoire of either an

individual or the society

Bloomfield: native like control of 2 languages

Definition
Diebold: even receptive knowledge is enough

Mackey: ultimate use of 2 or more languages by the

same individual

has 2 languages: 1st and 2nd language

the 1st is also the first in terms of use

exception: individuals migrants

Bilingual individual produce of meaningful utterances

semi bilinguals deficits in language competences

compound bilinguals 2 lg. form a merged system

coordinate b. single semantic base for the 2 lg.

Bilingualism relationship with parents

community relationships
communicative adv.
transnational communication

language sensitivity

Advantages to be in touch with more than one culture

cultural adv.
easy access to the job market

creative thinking

cognitive adv. fast cognitive development

flexible thinking

more efforts deployed by parents to keep two

languages

disadvantages challenge of coping with school curriculum

problems of identiy