RBM1200 Anatomy of the Limbs

PRACTICAL 1:

Introduction: Identification, Naming of Muscles, Joints & Pelvis &

Hip joint

Students must read the entire practical notes before coming to the practical.
Students must bring their study synopses, practical class notes, revision diagrams,
textbook and lab coat to each practical.
In each practical students should work in groups of 2/3 to complete all the activities, in
any order they wish.
The practical will usually being with a demonstration and overview by the demonstrator,
students should work together and ask questions to ensure they have gained the relevant
knowledge.

RISK ASSESSMENT: All human tissue must be regarded as pathogenic.

Lab coats, gloves and safety glasses must be worn in the laboratory at all times.
Level of Risk: Medium.

MATERIALS:

 Articulated skeletons; boxes of bones; joints (hip, shoulder, knee, elbow, wrist),
pelvis;
 Somo upper limb model; lower limb model;
 Wet specimen of upper and lower limbs.

ACTIVITY 1: Body orientation, terminology & movements review

Group Activity & Demonstration

1. Body planes
 Sagittal plane
 Coronal plane
 Horizontal/transverse plane
 Midsagittal plane

2. Directional terms
 Posterior/anterior
  Dorsal/ventral
 Lateral/medial
 Superior/inferior
 Cranial/Caudal
 Proximal/distal

3. Movements
 Flexion/extension
 Abduction/adduction
 Lateral/medial rotation
 External/internal rotation
 Lateral flexion
 Pronation/supination
 Eversion/inversion
 Rotation
 Circumduction

ACTIVITY 2: The pelvis

1. Identify the following landmarks and structures on both a skeleton and a

pelvis
2. Provide 1-2 anatomical details about each structure. Eg. found on X
bone, attachment site for X muscle, articulates with X bone, located
superior to X structure, X passes through this structure, etc.

 Arcuate line
 Iliopectineal line
 Iliac crest
 Iliac fossa
 Pubic crest
 Pubic symphysis
 Sacrum
 Coccyx
 Lumbosacral joint
 Sacrococcygeal joint
 Pelvic inlet/brim
 Pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperture)
 False pelvis (pelvis major)
 True pelvis (pelvis minor)
ACTIVITY 3: Lumbosacral plexus
Whiteboard demonstration

1. Identify the following nerves on a wet specimen or model

2. Note down the nerve roots and which plexus each nerve arises from
3. Draw a schematic diagram of the lumbar plexus
 Ilioinguinal nerve
 Iliohypogastric nerve
 Genitofemoral nerve
 Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
 Obturator nerve
 Femoral nerve
 Sciatic nerve
 Tibial nerve
 Common fibular nerve
ACTIVITY 3: Pathways into the lower limb

1. Provide 1-2 anatomical details about each structure. Eg. found on X

bone, attachment site for X muscle, articulates with X bone, located
superior to X structure, X passes through this structure, etc.

 Sacrospinous ligament – ischial spine

 Sacrotuberous ligament – ischial tuberosity
 Lesser sciatic foramen
 Greater sciatic foramen
 Ischiofemoral ligament
 Iliofemoral ligament
 Pubofemoral ligament

What important structure passes through the greater sciatic foramen? __________________

ACTIVITY 4: The Hip joint

Carefully examine the structures of the hip joint and identify:

1. Provide 1-2 anatomical details about each structure. Eg. found on X

bone, attachment site for X muscle, articulates with X bone, located
superior to X structure, X passes through this structure, etc.

 Acetabulum
 Acetabular labrum
 Fovea of the femoral head
 Head of femur
 Joint ligaments

ACTIVITY 5: Gluteal compartment

Demonstration & Clinical Discussion

1. Clearly demonstrate that you can locate the following muscles on a leg
model and a wet specimen:
2. Write down the action of each muscle & either its origin or insertion
 Superficial gluteals
o Gluteus maximus
o Gluteus medius
 o Gluteus minimus
 Deep gluteals
o Piriformis
o Obturator internus
o Obturator externus
o Quadratus femoris
o Gemellus superior
o Gemellus inferior
 Anterior
o Psoas major
o Iliacus

ACTIVITY 6: Anatomy Celebrity Head

Partner Activity

1. Select one label – DO NOT SHOW THIS TO YOUR PARTNER

2. Use the following suggested questions to guess your partner’s label
3. Correct guesses get to ask again, incorrect guesses miss their turn.
4. Once you think you know the answer, demonstrate the structure on a
wet spec/model rather than just say it out loud
 Am I a muscle/bony landmark/structure/joint?
 E.g. Muscle – Am I a superficial muscle? YES  Am I attached to
the sacrum? NO  Is my action hip external rotation? NO  Is my
action hip abduction? YES  Am I gluteus medius? YES = WINNER

ACTIVITY 7: Assessment

1. Name the structures pinned on the wet specimens/models

2. Refer to structures listed on this worksheet for answers

Pin 1 _____________ (bony landmark)

Pin 2 _____________ (bony landmark)
Pin 3 _____________ (joint)
Pin 4 _____________ (bony structure)
 Pin 5 _____________ (muscle)
Pin 6 _____________ (muscle)
Pin 7 _____________ (muscle)
Pin 8 _____________ (muscle)
Pin 9 _____________ (muscle)
Pin 10 _____________ (muscle)

Summary:

In your own words, describe what you have learnt in this laboratory