MATH 1 E MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT

ALGEBRA, DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS

PLANE TRIGONOMETRY, AND
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
SOLID MENSURATION
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE MATH 1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 01, 2023 PAGE 1 OF 6
Course: Math 1 E
Module Number: 3
Topic: Solution to Algebraic Equations: Linear, Quadratic

Learning Outcomes:
LO 1.3 Solve linear and quadratic equations

Keywords and Concepts:

Linear Equation
Quadratic Equation
Completing the square
Use of the quadratic formula
System of Equations
Substitution Method
Elimination of variables Method
Graphical Method
Lecture:
It is important to distinguish between an expression and an equation.
A mathematical expression is composed of a combination of numbers and variables and operation symbols but doesn’t
give a complete statement.
Each of the following is a mathematical expression:
a. 3x – 4
b. x – 2y
2
c. x + 2x – 3

An equation expresses the equality of two mathematical expressions. Each of the following is an equation.
a. 3x – 4 = 5x + 6
b. x = 2y – 5
2
c. x + 2x – 3 = 0
2 2
d. x + 6x + y - 4y =1

e. + y =r 2
x
Linear equations or First degree equations have variables that have exponent of 1. It takes the form of ax + by + c =0.
Where x and y are the variables and a,b,c are constant.
a. 3x – 4 = 5x + 6 is a linear equation of one variable.
b. x = 2y – 5 is a linear equation of two variables.
c. x + 2y – 3z + 4 =0 is a linear equation of three variables
2
d. + y = 3 and xy =1 are not linear equations.
x
2 2
Quadratic equations or Second degree equations takes the form a x + b y + c xy + dx + ey + f =0
Where x and y are the variables and a, b, c, d, e, f are constant.

Examples of Quadratic Equations:

2 2
a. x + y + x = 4
b. xy = 8
2
c. y = x + 4
2 2
d. 4x - y – 4y = 20

A solution of an equation is a number that, when substituted for the variable, results in a true equation.
a. Given : 3x – 4 = 5x + 6
x = -5 is a solution to the equation. When the value is substituted into the variable, an identity is obtained.
3(-5) - 4 = 5(-5) +6
-15 - 4 = - 25 +6
- 19 = -19
b. Given: x = 2y – 5
The equation involves two variables. A solution to the equation comes in the form of ordered pairs (x, y).
( 0, 5/2 ) , ( 1, 3 ) , ( -1, 2 ) are some of the elements of the solution set to the equation.

To solve an equation (or a series of equations) is to look for all the solutions of the equation (or equations).
 MATH 1 E MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
ALGEBRA, DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY, AND
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
SOLID MENSURATION
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE MATH 1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 01, 2023 PAGE 2 OF 6
In the case of equations of more than one variable, the solution must satisfy all the equations at the same time.

SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS:
A. SOLUTION OF A LINEAR EQUATION IN ONE VARIABLE
Every linear equation in one variable has at most one solution. To solve linear equations of one variable, the
following steps are applied
1. Put together all variable terms to one side of the equation and all constant terms to another side by applying the
addition property of equality
2. Combine similar terms
3. Apply the multiplication/division property of equality to obtain 1 as the coefficient of the variable.

PROPERTIES OF EQUALITIES
1. Addition and Subtraction Property of Equality
If the same quantity is added to or subtracted from two sides of an equation simultaneously, the equality is
preserved.
Example: w + 5 = -2
Add -5 to both sides: w + 5 – 5 = -2 - 5
Simplify w = -7

2. Multiplication and division property of equality

If both sides of an equation are multiplied or divided by the same non-zero number, the equality does not change.
Example: Given: 5x = 15 Solve for x.
1
Multiply both sides by or divide both sides by 5:
5
1 1
(5x) = (15)
5 5
x=3
3 Using the same operation on both sides of the equation does not change the equality.

Examples:
1. Given : s = 6 e 2 Solve for e 3. Given : x2 - 8 = 4 - x Solve for x
s 6 e2 2
Sol'n : = Sol'n : x2 - 8 = (4 - x )2
6 6
s x 2 - 8 = 16 - 8 x+ x 2
= e2
6 x 2 - 8 - x 2 - 16 = 16 - 8 x + x 2 - x 2 - 16
s
= e2 - 24 = - 8 x
6
8 x = 24
s
e= 8 x 24
6 =
8 8
x=3
2. Given : 5 x - 8 = 4 x+ 1 Solve for x 4. Solve for the area of a circle with radius 3 in.
2
Sol'n : 5 x - 8 + 4 x+ 8 = 4 x+ 1+ 4 x+ 8 Sol’n: Area of a circle = π(radius)
2
Acircle = π(3)
9 x =9 Acircle = 9π in
2

x =1

B. SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION IN ONE VARIABLE

2
1. Bring the equation to the form ax + bx + c = 0
2. Apply any of the following methods to solve for x:
a. by factoring
b. by completing the square (bringing the expression to a Perfect Square Trinomial form)
c. by using the Quadratic formula
Examples: Solve the given equations.
a. by Factoring:
2
Example: x – 2x = 15
2
x – 2x -1 5 = 0
( x + 3 )( x – 5 ) = 0
 MATH 1 E MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
ALGEBRA, DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY, AND
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
SOLID MENSURATION
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE MATH 1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 01, 2023 PAGE 3 OF 6
When a product is zero, either one of the factors is zero or both factors are equal to zero
x + 3 = 0 or x–5=0
x=-3 or x=5

b. by bringing the quadratic expression into a Perfect Square Trinomial form

2
Example: x – 2x = 15
2
x – 2x + 1 = 15 + 1
2
( x- 1 ) = 16
x–1=±4
x–1=4 or x – 1 = - 4
x=5 or x = 3
- b ± b 2 - 4ac
c. Use the quadratic formula x=
2a
2
Example: x – 2x = 15
2
x – 2x – 15 = 0 Apply the quadratic formula where a = 1 , b = -2 , c = - 15
- (-2) ± (-2) 2 - 4(1)(-15)
x=
2(1)
2 ± 64 2 ± 8
x= =
2 2
2+8 2- 8
x= or x=
2 2
x =5 or x =- 3

C. SOLUTION OF A SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

To solve a system of equations, the following methods may be applied:
a. Elimination of variables
Example: Find a solution set to the system of equations
Equation 1: 2x – 3y = 4
Equation 2: x + 2y = 3
Solution: To eliminate variable x, Multiply equation 2 by (-2). Then add equations 1 and 2.
2x – 3y = 4
-2x - 4y = - 6
- 7y = -2
y = 2/7
To solve for x, substitute y= 2/7 in either equation 1 or 2:
x + 2y = 3 : x + 2(2/7) = 3
4
x= 3 -
7
17
x=
7
or eliminate variable y from equations 1 and 2.
Equation 1: 2x – 3y = 4 Multipy by 2 → 4x – 6y = 8
Equation 2: x + 2y = 3 Multiply by 3 → 3x + 6y = 9
7x = 17
17
x=
7
17 2
The solution set is ( , )
7 7
b. Substitution of variables:
Example: Find a solution set to the system of equations
Equation 1: 2x – 3y = 4
Equation 2: x + 2y = 3
From equation 2, x = 3 – 2y. Substitute this quantity for x in equation 1
2x – 3y = 4 : → 2 ( 3 – 2y ) - 3y = 4
6 – 4y - 3y = 4
-7y=-2
y = 2/7
 MATH 1 E MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
ALGEBRA, DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY, AND
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
SOLID MENSURATION
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE MATH 1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 01, 2023 PAGE 4 OF 6

Then solve for x by substituting of the y = 2/7 in either equations (1 or 2)

17 2
The solution set is ( , )
7 7
D SOLUTION TO A SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN THREE VARIABLES
Steps in solving a system of equations in three variables:
a. Eliminate one variable from the system of equations to come up with a system of equations with two variables.
b. Solve the remaining system by using the elimination or substitution methods

Example: Solve for the solution set ( x, y, z )

Equation 1: 2x + y + 3z = 15
Equation 2: - x + 2y – z = 4
Equation 3: 3x – y + 2z = 5

Solution: Step 1: Eliminate one variable to come up with only two variables Choose to eliminate variable z
A. From Equations 1 and 2, eliminate z
Equation 1: Retain the same form 2x + y + 3z = 15
Multiply both sides of Equation 2 by 3: - 3x + 6y – 3z = 12
Add to eliminate z. Result: Equation 4: - x + 7y = 27
B. From Equations 2 and 3, eliminate z:
Multiply both sides of equation 2 by 2: - 2x + 4y – 2z = 8
Equation 3: Retain the same form 3x – y + 2z = 5
Add to eliminate z. Result: Equation 5: x + 3y = 13

Step 2: Now, we have equations 4 and 5 involving two variables. Apply the technique used to solve two
equations with two variables:
Equation 4: - x + 7y = 27
Equation 5: x + 3y = 13
Add to eliminate x: 10y = 40
y= 4
To find x, substitute y = 10 in Equation 5 : x + 3( 4) = 13
x + 12 = 13
x=1
To find z, substitute the values x = 1 and y = 4 in Equation 2: - (1) + 2( 4 ) – z = 4
z=3
Check: Use any of the given equations to check if the solution set satisfies the equation.
Use Equation 1: 2x + y + 3z = 15
Substitute ( 1, 4, 3 ) : 2(1) + 4 + 3(3) =15 .
Conclusion: Solution set: ( 1, 4, 3 )

E. SOLUTION TO A SYSTEM INVOLVING A LINEAR AND A QUADRATIC EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

a. Apply substitution to come up with a quadratic equation involving only one variable.
Example: Equation 1: x – 2y – 1 = 0
2 2
Equation 2: x – xy + y = - y
2 2
Substitute x = 2y + 1 in equation 2 : ( 2y + 1 ) –( 2y + 1)( y ) + y = - y
2 2 2
Simplify and bring all terms to one side of the equation: 4y + 4y + 1 – 2y – y + y + y = 0
2
3y + 4y + 1 = 0
b. Use the resulting quadratic equation in one variable to find a solution.
2
Factor the quadratic form or use the quadratic formula to solve for y: 3y + 4y + 1 = ( 3y + 1)( y + 1 ) = 0
3y + 1 = 0 or y + 1 = 0
y = - 1/3 │ y=-1
To solve for x, substitute the value of y in equation 1 : x = 2(-1/3) + 1 │ x = 2(-1) + 1
x = 1/3 │ x=-1
Solution sets: {( 1/3, -1/3) , ( - 1, - 1)}

Exercises:
Find a solution to the given equation or system of equations.

I. Equation in one variable

1. 2x – 7x = - 6x + 9
 MATH 1 E MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
ALGEBRA, DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY, AND
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
SOLID MENSURATION
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE MATH 1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 01, 2023 PAGE 5 OF 6
2. 3( 4 – 5x) - 2( x+ 4) = 4
3. 4y + 13 = 3( 5y + 20) + 8
4. 2( z – a) – 5 = 3 (az – 4)
5. 5. 3a = 5x – 7 = 3x + bx
x x - 1 2x + 1 1
6. + = -
7 3 21 3
5 7 3
7. - -3=
7 y 2y 14
2 3 4
8. + =
w - 1 w +1 w2 - 1
x 2x + 3 3 - x2
9. - = 2
x-2 x-3 x - 5x + 6
x x - 1 2x + 1 1
10. + = -
7 3 21 3
II Quadratic Equation
2 2
1. ( x+1 ) – ( x - 1) = x + 9
2
2. y + y = 6
2
3. h = - 9h – 8
2
4. 7x = 11x
2
5. 9z – 25 = 0
2
6. 18x + 3 = 29x
2
7. 12w +5w = 2
2
8. 14r = 5 + 8r
2
9. x – ax + bx – ab = 0 a , b are constant
2 2
10. ax + abx = 2b
2
11. 2x – 5x = 1
2
12. 3t –t = 2
2
13. – 9.8t + 16t = - 20
2
14. – 32t – 60t = 20
2
15. 11x – 20x + 8 = 0

III. Linear Equations in two or three variables

1. x – 2y = -10
- 2x + y = 8

2. 2x + 3y – 12 = 0
- x + 4y - 5 = 0

3. x + 5y + 1 = 0
3x + 2y – 10 = 0

4. 10x – y = - 3
- x + 5y = 15

5. x – 2y + 9 = 0
3x – y – 8 = 0

6. 4x – y – z = 4
2x + 5y + 3z = 0
x + 7y + 2z = - 4

7. x + y + z = 7
3x – y + 4z = 1
2x – 2y – 3z = - 6

8. – x + y – z = - 5
 MATH 1 E MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
ALGEBRA, DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY, AND
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
SOLID MENSURATION
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE MATH 1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: AUGUST 01, 2023 PAGE 6 OF 6
3x – y + z = 9
5x – 3y – 2z = - 21

9. 5x – 2y + z – 9 = 0
- 3x + y – 4z + 9 = 0
x + 4y + 3z – 9 = 0

10. – 2x + 3y – z + 1 = 0
x – 2y + 3z - 2 = 0
x + y – 5z = 0

III. Linear and quadratic Equations in two variables

1. x + 2y = 0
2
x –y–5=0

2. 2x + y – 1 = 0
2 2
x + y – 10 = 0

3. 2x – y - 4 = 0
2
y-y+x–4=0
2 2
4. x + y = 9
2
x =y
2 2
5. x – y = 4
x–3=0
2 2
6. ( x – 1) + ( y – 2 ) = 16
x–y=0
2
7. ( y – 3 ) = x + 9
-x+y=6
2
8. ( L – W ) = 8w – 4
L – 2w – 1 = 0
2
9. ( x – y ) = 2x – 3y – 3
x – 2y = 1
2 2
10. z + w – 2z – 3w – 1 = 0
2z + 3w = 9

IV. System of other equations

1 1 6 5 1 2 2 3 1
+ =4 + =4 x + y =4 + =-
x y x y 3 3 x y 2
1. 2. 3. 4.
1 1 3 5 1 1 3 4
- =2 + =1 x + y=4 + =-1
x y 2x 4 y 2 3 x y

Additional Resources:
Assessment and Evaluation:
Summary and Reflection: