Introduction to Testing Projects for

Modeling and Testing of Steam

Turbine and its Governor

State Grid Hunan Electric Power

Corporation Limited Research Institute
 Catalogue
1 Background and Significance

2 Model Introduction

3 Actual Testing

4 Parameter Identification

5 Model Verification
1 Background and Significance

1 The stability analysis of the power grid is of great significance

for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid

2 The turbine governor system is the basic data for power grid
stability analysis

3 There is a significant difference between the calculated

parameters and the actual operating parameters

4 Testing of steam turbine and its Governor is a necessary means

of precise modeling
2 Model Introduction
Control instruction Adjusting valve position

Model of electro-
Model of steam Mechanical
hydraulic control Model of actuator
turbine power
system
3 Actual Testing

Large step test of Frequency step

actuator opening disturbance test in
valve control
mode

Actual
Static test Testing Load test

Frequency step
Small step test of disturbance test
actuator opening in power control
mode

Standard:《Guide for modeling and testing of generator’s prime

mover and governor》（GB/T 40593-2021）
 Actual Testing-Large Step Test of Actuator
3 Opening

1 Latching on; Single valve control mode

In DEH valve control mode, set the total valve

2 position instruction to make the CV close to
full open

After the valve stabilizes, set the total valve

3 position instruction to make the CV close to
full close

4 Repeat steps 2-3 twice

 Actual Testing-Small Step Test of Actuator
3 Opening

1 Latching on; Single valve control mode

2 In DEH valve control mode, set the total valve

position instruction to approximately 75%

After the valve stabilizes, set the total valve

3 position instruction to cause a change of

approximately 5% in the opening and closing
directions

4 Repeat steps 2-3 twice

 Actual Testing-Frequency Step Disturbance
3 Test in Valve Control Mode

1 The unit has been connected to the grid and

the load is about 80% of the rated load

2 In valve control mode, the valve management

method is sequential valve

Frequency reduction direction test: Set the

3 simulated speed from 3000r/min to
2991r/min and record the data

Frequency increase direction test: Set the

4 simulated speed from 3000r/min to
3009r/min and record the data
 Actual Testing-Frequency Step Disturbance
3 Test in Power Control Mode

1 The unit has been connected to the grid and

the load is about 80% of the rated load

2 In a coordinated mode, the valve management

method is sequential valve

Frequency reduction direction test: Set the

3 simulated speed from 3000r/min to
2991r/min and record the data

Frequency increase direction test: Set the

4 simulated speed from 3000r/min to
3009r/min and record the data
 Parameter Identification- Identification of
4 the Opening/Closing Time of the Actuator
 Parameter Identification-PID Parameter
4 Identification of Actuator

Start

Model simulation

执行机构开度/%
Calculation of error between measured Adjusting PID
data and simulation data parameters

no
Does the error
meet the standard
requirements

Yes

End
 Parameter Identification-Identification of
4 Steam Turbine Volume Time Parameters

调节级压力/MPa

热再压力/MPa
中排压力/MPa

The parameters of the steam turbine are identified through frequency disturbance test data of the load
valve controlled open-loop method. Consider the steam pressure after the regulating stage P1 as the
concentrated parameter of the steam volume in the HP cylinder. Represent the inlet steam pressure of
IP cylinder P2 as the steam pressure of the reheater. The exhaust pressure of IP cylinder P3 represents
the steam pressure of the low-pressure connecting pipe.
5 Model Verification-Accuracy index
Rise time tUP：In the step test, the time
required from the addition of the step
quantity to the change of the controlled
quantity to 90% of the step quantity

Adjusting time tS ：The shortest time

from the start time to the absolute
difference between the controlled
quantity and the final steady-state value
always does not exceed 5% of the step
quantity
5 Model Verification-Accuracy index
Allowable error value of valve control test
The allowable error value of closed-loop testing
Maximum output increment of steam
turbine HP cylinder PHP：In the step test,
the value of subtracting the initial power
from the maximum valuereached during
the rapid power change process
Peak time of HP cylinder THP ： In the
step test, the time required from the
addition of step quantity to the power
reaching the maximum output increment
of the HP cylinder
Adjusting time tS ： The shortest time
from the start time to the absolute
difference between the controlled
quantity and the final steady-state value
always does not exceed 5% of the step
quantity
5 Model Verification - Actuator Verification

Large step open of actuator Large step close of actuator

Small step open of actuator Small step close of actuator

5 Model Verification - Actuator Verification
Verification result of large step open of actuator

Rise time(s) Regulating time(s)

Measured curve 0.9 1.4
Simulation curve 0.91 1.47
Deviation -0.01 -0.07
Allowable deviation ±0.2s ±1s
Verification result of large step close of actuator

Rise time(s) Regulating time(s)

Measured curve 0.89 1.51
Simulation curve 0.90 1.42
Deviation -0.01 0.09
Allowable deviation ±0.2s ±1s

Verification result of small step open of actuator

Rise time(s) Regulating time(s)
Measured curve 0.84 1.48
Simulation curve 0.91 1.46
Deviation -0.07 0.02
Allowable deviation ±0.2s ±1s

Verification result of small step close of actuator

Rise time(s) Regulating time(s)
Measured curve 0.85 1.57
Simulation curve 0.90 1.68
Deviation -0.05 -0.11
Allowable deviation ±0.2s ±1s
TPHP
S
HP

Model Verification - Valve Control Model

5 Verification Simulation results - Valve control mode - Frequency increase
Simulation results - Valve control mode - Frequency reduction

Maximum Peak
Peak power Maximum
output Regulating time( power time
time of HP output Regulating time(s)
power of HP s) of HP
cylinderP (s) power of HP
cylinder（%） cylinderP
cylinder（%）
(s)
Measured 35.82 0.71 60.6
Measured -42.09 0.94 60.5
Simulation 35.95 0.80 59.62
Simulation -35.98 1.04 59.61
Deviation -0.14 -0.09 0.98

Deviation -6.12 -0.1 0.89

Allowable
±10% ±0.1s ±1s Allowable
deviation ±10% ±0.1s ±1s
deviation
 5 Model verification - CCS closed-loop verification
Simulation results - CCS mod - frequency reduction Simulation results - CCS mod - frequency increase

Maximum output Peak power time

Regulating
power of HP cylinder of HP cylinderP
time(s) Maximum
（%） (s) Peak power time
output power Regulating ti
of HP cylinderP
of HP me(s)
Measured 50.82 0.6 26.15 (s)
cylinder（%）
Simulation 45.48 0.67 25.0
Measured -66.08 0.63 28.1
Deviation 5.34 -0.07 1.15
Simulation -45.58 0.66 26.18
Deviation -20.49 -0.03 1.92
Allowable
±30% ±0.1s ±2s
deviation Allowable
±30% ±0.1s ±2s
deviation
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corporation
Limited Research Institute