REVIEWER: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Notes

Lesson 2: Methods of Philosophizing

Philosophizing- To think or express oneself in a rational and logical manner
PHENOMENOLOGY- product of our perception and interpretation of the world. Ex: Color, Art and
Moral. TRUTH is based on the person’s consciousness.
Existentialism- In existentialism, truth is not seen as an objective or universal concept but as a highly
individual and subjective one. Ex: Career Choice and meaning of life. TRUTH is based on exercising
choices and personal freedom.
POST-MODERN- truth is not seen as an absolute, fixed, or universal concept but as something that is
constructed, interpreted, and influenced by various factors such as culture, power, language, and
perspective. TRUTH is accepted that it is not absolute
LOGIC- Truth is based on reasoning and critical thinking
Allegory- is a story with hidden symbolic meanings and moral lessons.

Types of Fallacies:
Appeal to Pity (Argumentum ad Misericordiam): Example: "You must give me an A on the exam.
I've been so sick this semester, and I even broke my arm. If you don't, it would be really unfair."
Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam): Example: "No one can prove that aliens don't
exist, so they must be real."
Equivocation: Example: "A feather is light, and what is light cannot be dark. Therefore, a feather
cannot be dark."
Composition: Example: "Each player on the team is an excellent athlete. Therefore, the entire team
must be unbeatable."
Division: Example: "The university has a prestigious reputation. So, each department within the
university must be prestigious."
Against the Person (Argumentum ad Hominem): Example: "Don't listen to Dr. Smith's climate
change research. He's a terrible person with a criminal record."
Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum): Example: "You better agree with my proposal, or I'll
make sure you never work in this industry again."
Appeal to the People (Argumentum ad Populum): Example: "Everyone is buying the latest
smartphone, so it must be the best one on the market."
False Cause (Post Hoc): Example: "I wore my lucky socks to the last five games, and we won every
time. My socks must be the reason for our victories."
Hasty Generalization- Example: "I met two rude people from that city, so everyone from that city must
be rude."
Begging the Question (Petitio Principii): The Apple iPhone is the best smartphone on the planet
because no one makes a better smartphone than Apple does.
WHY TRUTH MATTERS?
Lesson 3: THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT.
We cannot talk about the body without the soul. We cannot talk about the soul without the body.
Transcendence: Means climbing or going beyond
Religious or Spiritual Transcendence: In many religious beliefs, people seek transcendence by
connecting with a higher power or achieving a deeper spiritual understanding.
Needs are essential for survival and well-being, while Wants are things that we desire but are not
necessary for survival.

LOVE, LONELINESS, FAILURE, VULNERABILITY, FORGIVENESS

Exam Type: Enumeration, Identification, True or False, and Essay

“DO YOUR ORDINARY DUTIES, EXTRAORDINARILY WELL”

St John Bosco

Bro. Keiyth Joemarie B. Bernales, SDB