Cyber crime is the term used to describe criminal activities that involve the use of

information and communication technologies (ICT), such as the Internet, computer

networks, and digital devices. Cyber crime can take various forms, such as hacking,
identity theft, cyber fraud, cyber stalking, cyber terrorism, and cyber warfare.

Some of the measures to control cyber crime at the national and international level are:

 Legislation: Developing and enforcing laws that define and criminalize cyber
crime, and that provide adequate penalties and remedies for victims1. For
example, the Council of Europe’s Convention on Cybercrime (2001) is an
international treaty that harmonizes the legal frameworks of its signatories and
facilitates cross-border cooperation and mutual assistance.
 Education and awareness: Raising public awareness and educating users,
businesses, and institutions about the risks and prevention of cyber crime, and
promoting ethical and responsible use of ICT. For example, the
Stop.Think.Connect campaign is a global initiative that provides tips and
resources for online safety and security.
 Technology and security: Implementing and updating security measures and
technologies that protect ICT systems and data from unauthorized access,
misuse, and damage. For example, encryption, firewalls, antivirus software,
and authentication systems are some of the tools that can enhance cyber
security.
 Cooperation and coordination: Establishing and strengthening partnerships and
networks among various stakeholders, such as governments, law enforcement
agencies, private sector, civil society, and international organizations, to share
information, expertise, and resources, and to respond effectively to cyber crime
incidents and threats. For example, the International Criminal Police
Organization (INTERPOL) has a global cyber crime program that supports its
member countries in combating cyber crime.

This book is about cyber criminology, which is the study of internet crimes and criminal
behavior. The book consists of five sections, each covering a different aspect of cyber
criminology. The sections are:

 Deviance and Criminal Subculture in Cyberspace: This section explores how

the internet creates new opportunities and challenges for deviant and criminal
subcultures, such as hackers, cyber criminals, and online sex offenders.
 Perpetrators’ Perspectives and Offender Use of the Internet: This section
examines the motivations, techniques, and rationalizations of various types of
cyber offenders, such as identity thieves, terrorists, pedophiles, and cyber
bullies.
 Digital Piracy: This section analyzes the phenomenon of digital piracy, which
is the unauthorized copying and distribution of digital media, such as music,
movies, software, and games. It also discusses the legal, ethical, and social
implications of digital piracy, as well as the factors that influence its
prevalence and prevention.
  Cyber Victimization: This section focuses on the victims of cyber crimes, such
as cyber stalking, cyber harassment, cyber fraud, and malware infection. It also
explores the risk factors, consequences, and coping strategies of cyber
victimization, as well as the role of the criminal justice system in addressing it.
 Legal and Policy Issues of Cyber Crimes: This section reviews the legal and
policy issues related to cyber crimes, such as the definition, classification,
jurisdiction, and regulation of cyber crimes. It also evaluates the effectiveness
and challenges of various legal and policy responses to cyber crimes, such as
cyber laws, cyber courts, cyber police, and cyber education.

Cyber crime is a broad term that covers various types of illegal or harmful activities
involving the use of computers and the Internet. Some examples of cyber crime are
hacking, identity theft, cyber stalking, online fraud, cyber terrorism, and digital piracy.

From: Cyber Criminology K Jaishankar