1. A 75.0-kg firefighter climbs a flight of stairs 28.0 m high. How much work does he do?

Solution:
Given: m= 75 kg, h= 28 m
W= (m)(g)(h)
W= (75)(9.8)(28)
W= 20580 J
W= 20.58 kJ

18. How much work must be done to stop a 925-kg car traveling at 95 km/h?
Solution:
Given:
Mass = 925 kilograms
Velocity = 95 km/h

Conversion:
Velocity = 95 km/h =

To determine the amount of work done to stop the car, we would apply the work-energy
theorem:

The amount of work done must balance the kinetic energy possessed by the car due to
its motion, therefor:

From the work-energy theorem, we have:

Work done = 322,099.85 Joules

24.By how much does the gravitational potential energy of a 54-kg pole vaulter change
if her center of mass rises about 4.0 m during the jump?
Solution:
Given:
Mass of the pole vaulter, m = 54 kg
Height it rises, h = 4 m
The gravitational potential energy.
We know , gravitational potential energy of an object of mass m and height h is given by
Here g is acceleration due to gravity= 9.8m/s².
Ξ = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
=(54)(9.8m/s²)(4)
=2116.8 J

Therefore, the gravitational potential energy of pole voulter is 2116.8 J.

32. In the high jump, the kinetic energy of an athlete is transformed into gravitational
potential energy without the aid of a pole. With what minimum speed must the athlete
leave the ground in order to lift his center of mass 2.10 m and cross the bar with a
speed of 0.50 m/s?
Solution:
Given:
h=2.10 m
g=0.50m/s

𝑚𝑣² 𝑚𝑣²
2
= 2
+ 𝑚𝑔ℎ
𝑣𝑓²
ν𝑖 = [( 2
) + (𝑔ℎ)]2
𝑣𝑖²= 𝑣𝑓² + 2𝑔ℎ
ν𝑖= 𝑣𝑓² + 2𝑔ℎ
ν𝑖= (0. 5𝑚/𝑠)² + 2(9. 8)(2. 1)
ν𝑖=6.435m/s

45.You drop a ball from a height of 2.0 m, and it bounces back to a height of 1.6 m.
a.What fraction of its initial energy is lost during the bounce?
b.What is the ball’s speed just before and just after the bounce?
c.Where did the energy go?

Part A) Fraction of energy lost during bouncing :

The energy possessed by any object when present at any height is potential energy .
The formula of potential energy is given as :

PE = mgh
where PE = potential energy
,m = mass pf object ,
g = gravitational acceleration
and h = height

Given:
Initial height ,
h₁ = 2 m final height ,
h₂ = 1.6 m

Initial potential energy : m * g* h ₁

Final potential energy = m* g* h₂

Energy lost = Initial PE - Final PE

= ( mgh₁ - mgh2 )

Fraction of energy lost :

Plugging value in above formula and taking " mg " common =>

Fraction of energy lost =

Fraction of energy lost = 20%

Part B) Speed of ball just before and after the bounce.

Speed of ball before the bounce :

The potential energy gets converted to kinetic energy when it fall from height of 2m , so

Potential energy = kinetic energy

mgh₁ = 1/2mv²
or v² = 2gh₁

Given :
g = 9.8 m/s²
h= 2 m

v² = (2) (9.8 m/s²)(2 m) = 39.2 m²/s²

v = 6.3 m/s

Speed of ball after bounce :

Potential energy = kinetic energy

mgh₂ = 1/2mv²
or v² = 2gh₂

= (2)(9.8 m/s²)(1.6 m) = 31.36 m²/s²

v = 5.6 m/s

Part C)
The energy lost is due to friction. Hence,when the ball touches the ground, friction force
occurs between the surface of ground and ball, due in which energy is lost as thermal
energy.