GROUP 3 - WASTEWATER

- polluted form of water, generated from rainwater runoff and human activities.
- also called as “sewage”
- typically categorized by the manner in which it is typically categorized by the
manner in which it is generated - specifically, as domestic, industrial, and storm
sewage (storm water).

Businesses and industries businesses and industries also contribute their also
contribute their share of used water that must be cleaned.

TERMINOLOGIES TO KNOW:

Sewer - pipe or conduit which carries sewage.

Sewage - waste matter carried off by the sewer.

Sewerage - refers to physical facilities through which sewage flows.

FACTORS AFFECTING SEWAGE GENERATION

1. size of city
2. population characteristics
3. industries and commerce
4. climatic condition
5. metering

toilets, showers, and faucets represent toilets, showers, and faucets

represent sixty-two percent (62%) of all indoor sixty-two percent (62%) of all indoor
water use. water use.
About eighty percent (80%) of wastewater worldwide flows back into the
ecosystem without being treated or reused. that without being treated or reused. that
means 1.8 billion people use contaminated sources of drinking water.

CLASSIFICATION OF WASTEWATER

Sewage wastewater - sewage is wastewater that comes from domestic activities

Non-sewage wastewater - wastewater non-sewage covers all other types of

wastewater

Wastewater is split into three categories:

Black water - black water is wastewater that comes from your toilet, kitchen sink and
dishwasher.
Greywater - greywater is blackwater without urine, faeces or food waste.

Yellow water - yellow water is essentially pure urine

COMPOSITION OF WASTEWATER

Sewage is composed of 99.7 to 99.9%

of liquid depending upon the per-capita water
supply rate; more per-capita water supply
means more percentage of liquid content in
sewage.

Sewage contains only 0.1 to 0.3% of

solids, but these solids are responsible for all
kinds of problems associated with sewage

In particular organic solids, which account for 70% of total solids, are liable
for decomposition by microorganisms

What are the contents of wastewater?

The organic content of wastewater is made up of human feces, protein, fat,

vegetable and sugar material from food preparation, as well as soaps.

Some of this organic content is dissolved into the water and some exist as
separate particles.

While the inorganic content of wastewater are usually metals and compounds,
such as sodium, copper, lead and zinc are common in wastewater from both sewage
and wastewater.

Wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment is the procedure used to turn sewage water into water
that is released back into the environment.

The purpose of treating water are:

A. for disinfection
B. water to be used again
C. to be safely returned back to water cycle
D. to help improve water quality
THREE WASTEWATER PROCESSES:

1. Primary treatment removes any substance that will float or sink by gravity. This
step of treatment entails the physical procedures of screening, comminution—the
process of breaking down a substance into tiny particles or fragments—grit removal,
and sedimentation

2. The secondary treatment eliminates the organic stuff that is soluble and evades the
initial treatment. More suspended solids are also removed during secondary treatment,
typically through biological processes in which bacteria feed on the organic pollutants
to turn them into carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

2. tertiary treatment (sometimes referred to as "effluent polishing") is used to further

purify water before releasing it into a sensitive ecosystem.

Why is wastewater treatment important?

wastewater can be processed to a variety of quality to meet the needs of

business, industry, and agriculture. It can be treated in eco - friendly way and even
used again as drinking water.
Wastewater disposal

it is the collection and removal of wastewater from urban settlements using a

system of pipes and treatment plants.

Methods of wastewater disposal are classified into:

1. disposal by dilution - in this method, the wastewater or treated sewage is

discharged into natural water bodies such as streams rivers lakes or seas.

SEVERAL NATURAL WATER BODIES INTO WHICH SEWAGE CAN BE

DISCHARGED FOR DILUTION:

A. creeks
B. estuaries
C. groundwaters
D. lakes
E. oceans or seas

2. disposal by land treatment - in this method, the wastewater either treated or raw
is disposed of by distributing it on the land.

THREE WAYS OF WASTEWATER DISPOSAL BY LAND TREATMENT:

A. irrigation or sewage farming

B. overland flow
C. rapid infiltration or infiltration-percolation rapid infiltration or infiltration-
percolation

Why is it important to have waste water disposal system?

The main goal of wastewater treatment facilities is to protect humans and the
ecosystem from harmful and toxic elements found in wastewater.

When wastewater is not treated properly, it can pollute our water sources,
damage natural habitats, and cause serious illnesses.

These facilities are used to treat the wastewater in various ways and then send
the purified water back into the environment.