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Module 2 Kinematics of Motion Full
Module 2 Kinematics of Motion Full
Module 2 Kinematics of Motion Full
QUESTIONS:
Topics
o Introduction to kinematics
o Uniformly Accelerated Bodies (UAB)
o Freely-Falling Bodies (FFB)
o Projectile Motion
Kinematics of Motion in One-Dimension o Introduction to kinematics
What is Kinematics?
o A branch of classical mechanics that
deals with the study of the motion of
particle without considering the force
that causes them to move
o A purely descriptive study of
motion
o This will answers the question,
how object moves?
Kinematics of Motion in One-Dimension o Introduction to kinematics
Definition of terms
❑ Displacement is a change in position
∆𝑥 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖
𝑑𝑣
𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
Acceleration is constant
Kinematics of Motion in One-Dimension o Uniformly Accelerated Bodies
PROBLEMS in UAB
1) Given: 𝑠 = 10 m ; 𝑡 = 3 𝑠 ; 𝑎 = 2 m/s2
Required: 𝑣𝑜 , 𝑣, 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒
Kinematics of Motion in One-Dimension o Uniformly Accelerated Bodies
PROBLEMS in UAB
Quiz #2 (5 pts)
Applications
Gravitation acceleration
𝑔 = −9.81
9.81 𝑚/𝑠 22
+𝑦
𝑚/𝑠 +𝑦
0 0
−𝑦 −𝑦
Kinematics of Motion in One-Dimension o Freely-falling Bodies (FFB)
1) You throw a small rock straight up from the edge of a highway bridge that crosses
a river. The rock passes you on its way down, 6.00 s after it was thrown. What is the
speed of the rock just before it reaches the water 28.0 m below the point where the
rock left your hand? Ignore air resistance.
2) A flowerpot falls off a windowsill and passes the window of the story below. Ignore
air resistance. It takes the pot 0.380 s to pass from the top to the bottom of this
window, which is 1.90 m high. How far is the top of the window below the windowsill
from which the flowerpot fell?
3) A small rock is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 22.0 m/s from the edge of the roof
of a 30.0-m-tall building. The rock doesn’t hit the building on its way back down and lands on
the street below. Ignore air resistance. (a) What is the speed of the rock just before it hits the
street? (b) How much time elapses from when the rock is thrown until it hits the street?
Kinematics of Motion in One-Dimension o Freely-falling Bodies (FFB)
Problems
1) (a) If a flea can jump straight up to a height of 0.440
m, what is its initial speed as it leaves the ground? (b)
How long is it in the air?
2) A 15-kg rock is dropped from rest on the earth and reaches the ground in 1.75 s.
When it is dropped from the same height on Saturn’s satellite Enceladus, the rock
reaches the ground in 18.6 s. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Enceladus?
ANSWER:
3) A juggler throws a bowling pin straight up with an initial speed of 8.20 m/s. How much time
elapses until the bowling pin returns to the juggler’s hand?
ANSWER:
Projectile Motion
The Idealized Model
Kinematics on 2D or 3D Motion of Point Particle
QUESTION # 1: How many possible angle/s of
projection in order to shot the ball into the
cylinder’s opening?
QUESTION #2: What are the magnitudes of TARGET
these angles?
𝜃2 = ? 2𝑚
12 𝑚/𝑠 𝜃1 = ?
7𝑚 OPEN CYLINDER
CANNON
To answer… Study Projectile Motion
Learning Outcomes
Derive the formulas for Idealized model of
Projectile Motion and apply to real life problems.
1. 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 6. 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 ∙ 𝑡
1 2
2. 𝑣 = 𝑣 sin 𝜃 7. 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 ∙ 𝑡 − 2𝑔𝑡
𝑜𝑦 𝑜
𝑥
3. 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 8. 𝑡 =
𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃
4. 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 𝑔𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 2𝑣𝑜 2 cos2 𝜃
5. 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2
Learning Outcomes
Derive the formulas for Idealized model of
Projectile Motion and apply to real life problems.
Tricky problem
Recall:
❖ Kinematics of Motion
❖ Describing motion of particle/s
❖ Motion
❖ Change in positions
❖ Position, time, velocity, & acceleration
❖ Kinematics in One-Dimensional Motion
o Uniformly accelerated bodies
o Freely Falling Bodies
Recall:
2 2 sin𝜃
o sec 𝜃 = 1 + tan 𝜃 o tan𝜃 =
cos𝜃
What is Projectile Motion? Trajectory
+𝑦
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑣𝑜
𝑦
𝜃
+𝑥
𝑥
Projectile Motion
Time of Flight
𝑥
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS:
❖ Air resistance & other effects are negligible
+𝑦
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜
𝑦
𝜃
+𝑥
𝑥
▪ Along 𝑥-axis: Uniform motion 𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎
+𝑦
Let’s derive the formulas 𝑡
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑣𝑜 𝑔 = −9.81
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑣𝑜 𝑦
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝜃
+𝑥
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥
𝜃
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
+𝑦
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜 𝑔 = −9.81
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝜃 𝑣𝑜𝑥
+𝑥 cos 𝜃 =
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥 𝑣 𝑜
𝑣𝑜
1. 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 𝑣𝑜𝑦
𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 𝜃
𝑣𝑜𝑥
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
+𝑦
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜 𝑔 = −9.81
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝜃 𝑣𝑜𝑦
+𝑥 sin 𝜃 =
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥 𝑣 𝑜
𝑣𝑜
1. 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 𝑣𝑜𝑦
𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃 𝜃
2. 𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃 𝑣𝑜𝑥
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
+𝑦
𝑣𝑦 𝑣
𝑣𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜 𝑔 = −9.81
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝑣𝑦 𝜃
+𝑥
𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑜𝑥 𝑥
1. 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃
2. 𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑡𝑣 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
න: 𝑑𝑣 =
න
0
𝑣𝑜
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜 = 𝑎𝑡
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
+𝑦
𝑣𝑦 𝑣
𝑣𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜 𝑔 = −9.81
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝜃
+𝑥
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 + 0 𝑡
1. 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 3. 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥
2. 𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
+𝑦
𝑣𝑦 𝑣
𝑣𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜 𝑔 = −9.81
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝜃
+𝑥
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥
3. 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 + −𝑔 𝑡
1. 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃
4. 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡
2. 𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
+𝑦
𝑣𝑦 𝑣
𝑣𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜 𝑔 = −9.81
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝜃
+𝑥
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥
1. 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 3. 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 5. 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2
2. 𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃 4. 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑟
= 𝑣𝑜𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑟𝑡
න 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡
න:
0
1 2
𝑟 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2
𝑎𝑡
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
𝑔 = −9.81
Trajectory is a parabolic curve
+𝑦
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝜃 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 ∙ 𝑡 1 2
+𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 ∙ 𝑡 − 2𝑔𝑡
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
6. 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 ∙ 𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 ∙ 𝑡 8. 𝑡 =
𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃
1 2
7. 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 ∙ 𝑡 − 2𝑔𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃 ∙ 𝑡 − 12𝑔𝑡 2
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
𝑔 = −9.81
+𝑦
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝜃
+𝑥
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 ∙ 𝑡 8. 𝑡 =
𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃
1 2
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃 ∙ 𝑡 − 2𝑔𝑡
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
𝑔 = −9.81
+𝑦
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡
𝑡
𝑣𝑜
𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑦
𝜃
+𝑥
𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑔𝑥 2
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 ∙ 𝑡 8. 𝑡 = 𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 −
𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃 2𝑣𝑜 2 cos2 𝜃
𝑥 𝑔𝑥12 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥 tan
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃 ∙ 𝜃 − −
2 𝑔(
2
2 𝑣𝜃𝑜 cos 𝜃
2𝑣 cos
)2 Time independent formula
𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃𝑜
Projectile Motion: The Idealized Model
ASSUMPTIONS: Air resistance & other effects are negligible
FORMULAS
1. 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃
2. 𝑣𝑜𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃
3. 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥
4. 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 𝑥
8. 𝑡 =
𝑣𝑜 cos 𝜃
5. 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2
𝑔𝑥 2
6. 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 ∙ 𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 2𝑣𝑜 2 cos2 𝜃
1 2 Time independent formula
7. 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 ∙ 𝑡 − 2
𝑔𝑡
APPLICATION 1: An object will be projected at an
angle of 65o above the horizontal surface at a speed
of 13 m/s. Ignoring air resistance, (a) what will be
the horizontal displacement of the particle 1.5
second after being released? (b) What will be
velocity during 1.5 seconds of flight? (c) What will
be the maximum height of the particle above the
starting point?
2 1
APPLICATION 2: o cos 𝜃 =
sec2 𝜃
THE TRICKY PROBLEM o sec 2 𝜃 = 1 + tan2 𝜃
z 2 − 4.19𝑧 + 2.2 = 0
Answer: 2.57 m
QUIZ (5 pts) FEB 1, 2024 THURSDAY
APPLICATION 1: A tennis ball rolls off the
.