ADUNAREA SI SCADEREA NUMERELOR RATIONALE POZITIVE FISE DE LUCRU IN CLASA

a c a+c
1.Adunarea numerelor rationale cu acelaşi numitor + = . Regulă: se adună numărătorii şi se păstrează numitorul.
b b b
a c a ∙ m+ c ∙ n
2.Adunarea numerelor rationale cu numitori diferiţi: + = unde m=[ b ; c ] : b iar n=[ b ; c ] : c .
b c [b ; c ]
a c e
( )
3.Proprietăţile adunării numerelor rationale pozitive:a.ASOCIATIVITATE: ∀ , , ∈ Q + + = + + .
b d f ( )
a c e a c e
b d f b d f
a c a c c a a a a
b.COMUTATIVITATE: ∀ , ∈Q + = + . c.0 ESTE ELEMENT NEUTRU. ∀ ∈Q +0=0+ .
b d b d d b b b b
EXERCITII
1.Calculati:
4 7 11 4 7 3 8 5 6 5 9 1 7 9 11 4 3 4 7
+ = + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿
5 5 5 3 3 5 5 7 7 4 4 6 6 8 8 5 5 9 9
9 12 7 4 12 1 8 6 4 15 28 21 22 40 21 33 12 28
+ =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿
7 14 5 10 9 3 7 21 5 25 24 18 18 45 56 24 30 35
9 6 15 ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
+ = ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
7 7 7
9 5 1 3 5 2 3 7 5 4 9 4 11 3 7 13 3 5
+ =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿
7 14 2 4 6 3 2 6 3 9 10 5 4 8 2 8 2 14
18 5 23 ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
+ = ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
14 14 14
3 15 5 13 8 4 11 5 1 4 5 1 3 5 3 5 7 4
+ =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿ + =¿
10 2 4 12 15 5 9 18 2 3 3 4 4 6 5 2 6 9
❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
2.Calculati:
7 5 1 7 3 8 25 5 35 7 19 9 14 18 1 29 7 3
+ + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿
3 6 2 5 10 15 6 6 30 8 8 24 5 10 5 12 12 36
❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
7 3 11 3 13 1 4 7 9 11 7 5 5 7 1 20 35 49
+ + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿
4 10 20 8 12 24 15 75 25 20 10 16 24 36 72 25 75 15
❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
16 3 1 3 9 11 8 11 4 17 1 7 8 19 1 7 11 5
+ + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿
21 28 42 4 28 14 15 18 45 32 24 12 15 5 15 18 3 18
❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
19 9 5 17 5 13 19 5 16 1 17 39 5 7 9 6 8 4
+ + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿ + + =¿
28 7 28 24 12 24 45 12 45 48 6 48 4 2 4 3 6 3
❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

3.Calculati:
1 4 5 3 9 4 1 7 5 3 4 1 5 7 3 1 10 1 5 7
+ + + =¿ + + + =¿ + + + =¿ + + + =¿ + + + =¿
4 5 12 20 8 9 36 24 8 15 5 16 48 16 8 32 9 27 18 36
❑ + ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
8 4 3 2 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 6 7 8 9
+ + + =¿ + + + =¿ + + + =¿ + + + =¿ + + + =¿
75 15 10 25 2 4 4 2 3 3 7 7 3 5 5 3 5 3 3 5
❑ + ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ = ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

4.Aflaţi numărul mai mare cu:

3 15 17 2 11 4 9 13 7 24 35 13
a) 4 decât 4 ; b) 10 decât 20 ;c) 7 decât 7 ;d) 8 decât 8 ;e) 9 decât 27 ;f) 30 decât 6 .

SCĂDEREA NUMERELOR RATIONALE FISE DE LUCRU IN CLASA

a c a−c
1.Scăderea numerelor rationale cu acelaşi numitor − = . Regulă: se adună numărătorii şi se păstrează numitorul.
b b b
a c a∙ m−c ∙ n
2.Scăderea numerelor rationale cu numitori diferiţi: − = unde m= [ b ; c ] : b iar n=[ b ; c ] : c .
b c [b ; c ]
EXERCITII 1.Calculati:
11 5 6 7 5 11 7 9 3 13 7 6 2 8 4 11 7 15 5
− = − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿
4 4 4 3 3 6 6 5 5 9 9 7 7 3 3 8 8 4 4
33 8 11 4 6 1 45 15 8 4 16 4 11 8 14 3 75 1
− =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿
15 5 3 6 4 2 9 3 16 8 14 7 5 10 8 4 50 2
❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
37 8 9 1 23 7 3 2 3 4 7 2 5 3 9 11 11 3
− =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿
15 5 2 6 10 4 2 3 2 5 5 3 6 4 8 12 14 4
❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
 b a b a ∙ c+ b 1 2 ∙3+1 7
INTRODUCEREA ÎNTREGILOR ÎN FRACŢIE a = + = exemplu 2 = = .
c 1 c c 3 3 3
SCOATEREA ÎNTREGILOR DIN FRACŢIE.
a
Dacă <1 numărul raţional nu are întregi ;
b
a a r r 11 2 2 2 1 17 19 17 ∙9+ 19∙ 5 248
Dacă >1,atunci: se împarte a la b şi se obţine câtul c şi restul r; =c + =c .Exemplu: =3+ =3 şi 3 +2 = + = = .
b b b b 3 3 3 5 9 5 9 9∙5 45
1.Scoateţi întregii:
3 1 9 4 5 5 8 9 8 29 32 43
=1 2
=
3
=
2
=
3
=
5
=
4
=
3
=
7
=
5
=
9
=
2 2
57 67 73 91 93 121 191 241 256 274 321
= = = = = = = = = =
8 5 6 8 7 10 11 12 13 15 17
497 122 145 65 50 19 26 37 37 37 37
= = = = = = = = = = =
23 11 12 8 7 7 5 6 5 4 3
7 7 9 19 25 32 15 132 453 180 256
= = = = = = = = = = =
6 5 8 4 3 3 7 5 100 7 15
2.Introduceţi întregii în fracţie
2 65 5 3 4 7 4 8 10 1 2 1 1 3
7 = 4 =¿ 7 =¿ 6 =¿ 11 =¿ 17 =¿ 20 =¿ 23 =¿ 1 =¿ 1 =¿ 2 =¿ 3 =¿ 1 =¿
9 9 8 5 7 12 12 15 21 2 3 3 2 4
1 5 3 7 5 2 3 1 5 8 3 4 5
1 =¿ 2 =¿ 2 =¿ 3 =¿ 4 =¿ 11 =¿ 5 =¿ 8 =¿ 6 =¿ 3 =¿ 4 =¿ 10 =¿ 12 =¿
6 6 7 8 9 3 6 9 8 11 7 9 9
3.Calculaţi:
1 3 2 3 2 5 2 2 4 5 7 5 5 3 3 5 7 1
3 +1 =¿ 2 +2 =¿ 4 +2 =¿ 6 + 2 =¿ 5 +1 =¿ 5 +7 =¿ 4 +3 =¿
2 4 3 8 1 2 3 6 3 1 3 5 7 7 9 6 6 4 8 12 10 4
+6 =¿ +1 =¿ +5 =¿ +3 =¿
5 5 2 3 10 10 4 8
7 7 ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
+ =¿ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
2 4
14 7 21 ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ =¿
+ = ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
4 4 4
4. Calculaţi:
 1 2 3 5 1 3 1 3 4 1 2 9 4 5 7 7 5 11
3 +1 +1 =¿ 2 + 1 +1 =¿ 3 +2 +1 =¿ 2 +4 +1 =¿ 2 +2 +3 =¿ 5 + 4 +1 =¿
2 3 4 6 4 4 2 4 5 2 3 14 15 12 10 24 8 32
7 5 7 ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿
+ + =¿ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
2 3 4
42 20 21 83 ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿
+ + = ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
12 12 12 12
1 2 3 46 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 2014
5.a. Calculaţi suma: 1 + 2 +3 +…+ 46 ; b. Calculaţi diferenţa b – a unde a = + + + +…+ , b = + + + +…+
47 47 47 47 1 2 3 4 2013 1 2 3 4 2013
6.Calculaţi:
3 5 1 5 1 7 3 1 2 5 3 7 3 5 6 4 1 5
2 − =¿ 2 − =¿ 2 − =¿ 5 −3 =¿ 4 −1 =¿ 4 −2 =¿ 3 − =¿ 1 − =¿ 3 − =¿
4 4 6 6 8 8 4 4 9 9 8 8 4 8 7 7 6 6
❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
3 10 7 12 5 4 7 1 5 5 9 3 7 7 7 11 23 5
4 − =¿ 2 − =¿ 5 − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − = − =¿ − =¿ − =¿
8 16 9 27 6 24 4 2 3 6 8 4 2 6 2 10 12 3
❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
13 5 9 19 19 7 15 5 28 2 7 23 3 1 7 8 1 1
− =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿ − =¿
18 9 4 12 10 5 4 20 15 3 5 20 9 4 8 7 99 100
7.Calculaţi:
1 45 7 11 19 30 1 11 9 7 19 16 12 9 26 7 21 15
2 50 − 10 − 50 =¿ 1 24 − 24 − 72 =¿ 1 26 − 26 − 78 =¿ 1 30 − 30 − 60 =¿ 1 − − =¿
25 25 50
3 12 − 36 − 12 =¿
❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
3 1 7 9 4 1 4 6 3 5 7 3 7 5 1 1 3 5
3 − − =¿ 2 − − =¿ 3 −1 − =¿ 4 − −2 =¿ 2 − − =¿ 2 − −1 =¿
4 12 6 20 5 4 25 15 5 21 12 4 30 6 5 12 8 16
9 1 4 1 5 5 5 7 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 1 3
1 −1 − =¿ 3 − −1 =¿ 3 −2 − =¿ 1 3 +1 4 − 2 − 6 =¿ 1 3 − 6 + 8 +1 4 =¿ 1 4 − 7 +3 2 − 14 =¿
10 4 15 9 18 24 18 15 9
❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ −❑ −❑= ❑ − ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ + ❑ − ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ − ❑ =¿ ❑ + ❑ −❑ −❑= ❑ − ❑ + ❑ + ❑ =¿ ❑ − ❑ + ❑ − ❑ =¿
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
13 2 1 1 13 2 7 23 3 5 8 20
− +2 −1 =¿ + − − = − − + =
8 9 4 6 4 5 12 15 2 18 27 9
❑ −❑ + ❑ −❑= ❑ + ❑ −❑ −❑= ❑ − ❑− ❑ + ❑ =
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

COMPARAREA NUMERELOR RATIONALE POZITIVE.

1. Dacă fracţiile au acelaşi numitor atunci se compară numărătorii.
 2 7 2 7
Exemplu: şi  < deoarece 2<7.
3 3 3 3
2. Dacă fracţiile au acelaşi numerator atunci se compară numitorii; fracţia mai mare este fracţia cu numitorul cel mai mic.
7 7 7 7
Exemplu: şi  > .
8 9 8 9
3. Dacă fracţiile au numitori şi numărători diferiţi atunci se aduc la acelaşi numitor şi se compară numărătorii.
19 25 57 50 19 25
Exemplu: şi  >  > .
4 6 12 12 4 6
sau se aduc la acelaşi numerator şi se compară numitorii
4 10 20 20 20 20 4 10
Exemplu: şi  >  <  < .
17 39 85 78 85 78 17 39
2n 7 n
7 7 :7
Aplicaţie:1. Să se determine numărul natural n astfel încât 4
< 8
49 7 ∙7
1. Stabiliţi valoarea de adevăr a propoziţiilor
7 8 11 9 8 9 9 12 15 16 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9 14 14 9 9 21 21
< > > > < > < < < < < >
5 5 4 4 7 7 13 13 19 19 5 4 6 7 4 6 11 10 13 15 6 5 19 16

2. Să se compare
3 7 7 11 9 7 11 14 19 21 26 11 2 8 3 8 10 6 6 15 12 9 9 15
şi şi şi şi şi şi şi şi şi şi şi şi
2 5 4 6 8 6 6 9 8 10 15 6 7 25 8 23 11 7 13 32 25 19 28 46