Amac - 1 (Explanation)

AMAC - 1 (EXPLANATION)
AMAC – 1
1. With reference to Gupta Empire consider the 1. Like the Mauryan rulers, the Gupta kings
following statements: adopted pompous titles
1. Allahabad Pillar Inscription is the earliest 2. Compared to earlier times the judicial system
inscription mentioning the achievements of of the Guptas was far more developed
Samudragupta 3. The Gupta bureaucracy was more modernized
2. Chandragupta-I was the first independent king than that of the Mauryas.
with the title Maharajadhiraja of the Gupta How many of the statements given above are
Empire correct?
3. The Guptas followed the weight system of (a) Only one
Kushana gold coins (b) Only two
Which of the statements given above are correct? (c) All three
(a) 1 and 2 only (d) None
(b) 2 and 3 only Answer: A
(c) 1 and 3 only Explanation:
(d) 1, 2, and 3 Statement 1 is incorrect: In contrast to the Maurya
Answer: D rulers, the Gupta kings adopted pompous titles such as
Explanation: parameshvara, maharajadhiraja, and paramabhattaraka
Statement 1 is correct: Harishena wrote a glowing which signify that they ruled over many lesser kings in their
account of the military exploits of Samudragupta’s empire.
patron. The inscription is engraved at Allahabad on the Statement 2 is correct: The judicial system was far more
same pillar that carries the inscriptions of the peace-loving developed under the Guptas than in earlier times.
Ashoka. Allahabad pillar inscription, is the earliest Several law books were compiled during this period, and
inscription recording the achievements of an early for the first time, civil and criminal laws were clearly
Gupta ruler, Samudragupta. demarcated. Theft and adultery fell under criminal law, and
Statement 2 is correct: The first important king of the disputes regarding various types of property under civil
Gupta dynasty was Chandragupta I. Srigupta was the law.
first king and Ghatotkacha was the next to follow him of As in earlier times, many laws continued to be based on
the Gupta Empire. Chandragupta-I was the first varna differentiation. It was the duty of the king to uphold
independent king with the title Maharajadhiraja. the law, and try cases with the help of Brahmana priests.
Statement 3 is correct: The Gupta coins were made of The guilds of artisans, merchants, and others were
gold, and this fact in addition to the fact that the Guptas governed by their own laws. Seals from Vaishali and from
followed the weight system of Kushana gold coins Bhita near Allahabad indicate that these guilds flourished
suggests that the Guptas had been in contact with the during Gupta times.
Kushana territories. Statement 3 is incorrect: The Gupta bureaucracy was
1
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Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/The Rise and Growth not as elaborate as that of the Mauryas. The most
of the Gupta Empire/ pdf no. 147, 148 important officers in the Gupta empire were the
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/20162/1/U kumaramatyas. They were appointed by the king in the
nit-32.pdf home provinces and possibly paid in cash. As the Guptas
2. With reference to the administration system of the were possibly vaishyas, recruitment was not confined to
Gupta empire, consider the following statements: the upper varnas only, but several offices were combined
in the hands of the same person, and posts became
hereditary. This naturally weakened royal control.
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Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Life in the Gupta 4. With reference to the social development during the
Age/ pdf no. 153 Gupta period, which one of the following
statements is correct?
3. With reference to the Guptas administration, (a) The position of Shudras deteriorated and they
consider the following statements: were not allowed to listen to recitations of the
1. Guptas were the first to grant fiscal and Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Puranas.
administrative concessions to priests and (b) A large number of foreigners had been
administrators. assimilated into Indian society and this led
to the proliferation of castes into many sub-
2. The royal agents could not enter the villages
castes.
granted to the religious functionaries
(c) Women of the higher and lower orders did not
3. The higher officials of the administration had
have access to independent sources of
been remunerated by only land grants.
livelihood in Gupta times, which considerably
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? limited their freedom in the pre-Gupta period
(a) 1 and 3 only (d) Employment of slaves in agriculture was started
(b) 1 only by Gupta’s.
(c) 2 and 3 only Answer: B
(d) 2 only Explanation:
Answer: D During the Gupta period, the castes proliferated into
Explanation: numerous sub-castes as a result of two factors. A large
Statement 1 is incorrect: The grant of fiscal and number of foreigners had been assimilated into Indian
administrative concessions to priests and society, and each group of foreigners was considered a
administrators was started in the Deccan by the kind of caste. The other reason for the increase in the
Satavahanas, the practice became a regular affair in Gupta number of castes was the absorption of many tribal people
times, particularly in MP. It was an important feudal into brahmanical society through the process of land
development that surfaced under the Guptas. Religious grants.
functionaries were granted land, free of tax, for posterity, The position of Shudras improved during this period.
and they were authorized to collect from the peasants all They were now permitted to listen to recitations of the
the taxes that once went directly to the emperor. Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Puranas.
Statement 2 is correct: Religious functionaries were In the Gupta period, like the Shudras, women were also
granted land, free of tax, for posterity by the Guptas allowed to listen to the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and
King, and they were authorized to collect from the the Puranas. However, women of the higher orders did
peasants all the taxes that once went directly to the not have access to independent sources of livelihood
emperor. The villages granted to the beneficiaries could in pre-Gupta and Gupta times.
not be entered by royal agents, retainers, and others, The fact that women of the two lower varnas were free
and the beneficiaries were also empowered to punish to earn their livelihood, which gave them considerable
criminals. freedom, but this was denied to women of the upper
Statement 3 is incorrect: In the Guptas administration, varnas.
the higher officials continued to be paid in cash. The According to the Arthashastra of Kautilya, a striking
2
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abundance of gold coins would suggest this. But some of social development of the Maurya period was the
them may have been remunerated by land grants. employment of slaves in agricultural operations.
Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Life in the Gupta Megasthenes states that he did not notice any slaves in
Age/ pdf no.154 India, but there is little doubt that there had been domestic
slaves from Vedic times onwards.
Source: Page 94 R.S. Sharma
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5. With reference to the Bhagavatism during the Gupta (d) Sultanganj, Bihar
period, consider the following statements: Answer: D
1. It originated in pre-Gupta times and centered Explanation:
around the worship of Vishnu During the Gupta period a life-size copper image of the
2. It was marked by bhakti and ahimsa doctrines, Buddha of more than 6 feet was made. It was discovered
which suited the agricultural society at Sultanganj near Bhagalpur, and is now displayed in
3. All Gupta kings were worshippers of Vishnu Birmingham, United Kingdom.
and followed Vaishnavism. The Sultanganj Buddha is the largest known complete
Which of the statements given above are correct? Indian metal sculpture. It is a reminder of the extraordinary
(a) 1 and 2 only talents of the sculptors and metal craftsmen in ancient
(b) 2 and 3 only India.\
(c) 1 and 3 only Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Life in the Gupta

Age/ pdf no. 157
(d) 1, 2 and 3
https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/8-
Answer: A
3XPL7dTim7Xpv39u8oXw
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Bhagavatism originated in post-
Maurya times and centered around the worship of 7. Consider the following statements:
Vishnu or Bhagavata. Vishnu was a minor god in Vedic Statement I:
times. He represented the sun and also the fertility cult. By The Pallavas of Kanchi and the Chalukyas of Badami
the second century BC he was merged with a god called had a very long struggle for supremacy in peninsular
Narayana, and came to be known as Narayana–Vishnu. India from the sixth to the eighth century
Originally Narayana was a non-Vedic tribal god called Statement II:
bhagavata, and his worshippers were called bhagavatas. The fertility of the soil in the Raichur Doab due to
Statement 2 is correct: Bhagavatism was marked by the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers made it a fertile
bhakti and ahimsa. Bhakti meant the offer of loving rice-producing resource.
devotion. Ahimsa, or the doctrine of the non-killing of Which one of the following is correct in respect of
animals, suited the agricultural society and was in the above statements?
keeping with the old cult of lifegiving fertility associated (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are
with Vishnu. correct and Statement II is the correct
Statement 3 is incorrect: A few Gupta kings were explanation for Statement I
worshippers of Shiva, the god of destruction, but he (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
came to the fore at a later stage and does not seem to have and Statement II is not the correct explanation
been as important as Vishnu in the early phase of the for Statement I
Gupta rule. Bhagavatism or Vaishnavism overshadowed (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
Mahayana Buddhism in Gupta times. It preached the incorrect
doctrine of incarnation or avatar.
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Life in the Gupta correct 3
Age/ pdf no.156
Answer: A
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Explanation:
6. A life-size copper statue of the Buddha that ● The principal interest in the political history of
measured more than six feet was made during the peninsular India from the sixth to the eighth
Gupta era, it was found at century centers around the long struggle for
(a) Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh supremacy between the Pallavas of Kanchi and the
(b) Vaishali, Bihar Chalukyas of Badami.
(c) Mathura Uttar Pradesh
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● Although both the Pallavas and the Chalukyas and ruled for seventy five years. Their rule also
championed Brahmanism, performed Vedic sacrifices, affected the Pallavas as well as their neighboring
and made grants to the brahmanas, the two contemporaries.
quarrelled with each other over plunder, prestige, and ● The Kalabhra revolt was a powerful peasant
territorial resources. protest directed against the landed Brahmanas.
● Both tried to establish supremacy over the land ● The repeated teaching that those who attack land
lying between the Krishna and the Tungabhadra. grants are condemned to hell for sixty thousand years
This doab was again the bone of contention in late failed to change their minds. They put an end to the
medieval times between the Vijayanagar and the Brahmadeya rights granted to the Brahmanas in
Bahmani kingdoms because the land of Raichur is numerous villages.
fertile making a good place to grow rice. ● It appears that the Kalabhras were of Buddhist
● Time and again, the Pallava princes tried to cross the persuasion as they patronized Buddhist
Tungabhadra, which formed the natural historic monasteries.
boundary between many a kingdom of the Deccan Hence Statement I is correct but Statement II is
and the deep south. The struggle continued over a incorrect
long period with varying fortunes. Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Formation of New
Hence both Statement I and Statement II are correct States and Rural Expansion in the Peninsula/ pdf no 172
and Statement II is the correct explanation for
Statement I
9. Consider the following pairs:
Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Formation of New
States and Rural Expansion in the Peninsula/ pdf no 173
Kingdoms Capitals
1. Kadambas Kanchi
8. Consider the following statements: 2. Ikshvakus Vaijayanti
Statement I: 3. Chalukyas Vatapi
The Kalabhra revolt was a powerful peasant protest 4. Western Gangas Kolar
directed against the landed Brahmanas.
How many of the pairs given above are correctly
Statement II:
matched?
The Kalabhra were followers of Hinduism as they
(a) Only one
constructed many Hindu temples in Tamil land
(b) Only two
Which one of the following is correct in respect of
(c) Only three
the above statements?
(d) All four
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
and Statement II is the correct explanation for Answer: B
Statement I Explanation:
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct Kadambas: The Kadamba kingdom was founded by
and Statement II is not the correct explanation Mayurasharman. They established their capital at
for Statement I Vaijayanti or Banavasi in the north Kanara district of
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is Karnataka. (pair 1 is incorrect) 4
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incorrect Ikshvakus: On the ruins of the Satavahana power in the
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is eastern part of the peninsula, there arose the Ikshvakus in
correct the Krishna–Guntur region. The present Nagarjunakonda
in the Guntur district, which was known as Sriparvata
Answer: C
and Vijayapuri, was the capital of the Ikshvaku kings.
Explanation:
(pair 2 is incorrect)
● The Kalabhras seem to have been a tribal people who
Chalukyas: The Chalukyas set up their kingdom towards
captured power, particularly at the cost of the Cholas
the beginning of the sixth century in the western Deccan.
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They established their capital at Vatapi, modern Statement 3 is correct: Vakatakas were great champions
Badami, in the district of Bijapur, which forms a part of of the Brahmanical religion and performed numerous
Karnataka. (pair 3 is correct) Vedic sacrifices. Culturally the Vakataka kingdom
Western Gangas: The Gangas were another important served as a channel for the transmission of
contemporary dynasty of the Pallavas. They established Brahmanical ideas and social institutions to the south.
their kingdom in southern Karnataka around the fourth Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Formation of New
century. Their earliest capital was located at Kolar States and Rural Expansion in the Peninsula/ pdf no. 171
which, given its gold mines, may have helped the rise
of this dynasty. (pair 4 is correct) 11. With reference to the science and technology
Kanchi was the capital of Pallavas. during the Gupta period, consider the following
Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Formation of New statements:
States and Rural Expansion in the Peninsula/ pdf no 171, 1. Both the zero system and the decimal system
172. were known in India during this period
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and- 2. A Gupta inscription from Allahabad mentioned
nation/with-capital-tag-vijayawada-set-to-regain-pre- the knowledge of the decimal system
eminence-again/articleshow/41698964.cms 3. The iron pillar at Mehrauli may have been
preserved from rusting due to the arid
10. With reference to the Vakatakas ruler, consider the conditions in Delhi
following statements: Which of the statements given above are correct?
1. The Vakatakas succeeded the Satavahanas in (a) 1 and 2 only
Berar. (b) 2 and 3 only
2. Chandragupta II of Guptas had an alliance with (c) 1 and 3 only
the Vakatakas royal family.
(d) 1, 2, and 3
3. The Vakataka kingdom served as a channel for Answer: D
the transmission of Brahmanical ideas to the
Explanation:
south.
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: A Gupta inscription of
How many of the statements given above are AD 448 from Allahabad district suggests that the
correct? decimal system was known in India at the beginning of
(a) Only one the fifth century. In mathematics, the period saw, in the
(b) Only two fifth century, a work called Aryabhatiya written by
(c) All three Aryabhata who belonged to Pataliputra. It appears that this
(d) None mathematician was well-versed in various kinds of
Answer: C calculations. Aryabhata displays an awareness of both
the zero system and the decimal system.
Explanation:
Statement 3 is correct: The Gupta craftsmen
Statement 1 is correct: In northern Maharashtra and
Vidarbha (Berar), the Satavahanas were succeeded by distinguished themselves by their work in iron and bronze.
The Smiths had advanced knowledge of metal
the Vakatakas, a local power. The Vakatakas, who were 5
technology. The best example is the iron pillar found at
Brahmanas themselves, are known from a large number of
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Mehrauli in Delhi has not gathered any rust over the

copper plate land grants issued by them.
subsequent fifteen centuries which is a great tribute to
Statement 2 is correct: Vakatakas' political history is
the technological skill of the craftsmen, although the
more linked to North India than to South India.
arid conditions in Delhi may also have contributed to
Chandragupta II married his daughter Prabhavati
its preservation.
Gupta into the Vakataka royal family and with its
Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Life in the Gupta
support conquered Malwa and Gujarat from the Shaka
Age/ pdf no. 160
Kshatrapas in the last quarter of the fourth century AD.
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12. Which one of the following gives the best Feudalism was a system in which people were given land
description of the term “agraharas”? and protection by people of higher rank and worked
(a) Land granted for establishing a factory fought for then in return.
(b) Land granted to an educational institution Statement 3 is correct: Land grants continued to be made
to Brahmanas to priests for special services rendered to the state. Harsha
(c) Land granted to Vaisyas by the king is credited with the grant of land to the officers by
issuing charters. These grants allowed the same
(d) Land or village settled by army officials
concessions to priests as were allowed by the earlier
Answer: B
grants.
Explanation:
Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/ Harsha and His
The kings made endowments called agraharas, which
Times /pdf no. 167
consisted of land and income from villages and were
meant to support the religious and educational
activities of the Brahmanas. Some agraharas had to pay 14. Consider the following temples:
taxes although elsewhere in the country they were tax-free. 1. Virupaksha temple
Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/ Spread of 2. Papanatha temple
Civilization in Eastern India/ pdf no. 162 3. Kailashanath temple
4. Mallikarjuna temple
13. With reference to the administration of Harsha, Which of the temples given above were built by the
consider the following statements: Chalukyas of Badami?
1. He governed his empire on the same lines as (a) 1, 2, and 4 only
the Mauryas (b) 2, 3, and 4 only
2. The reign of Harsha symbolizes the beginning (c) 1, 2, and 3 only
of the feudal era in northern India.
(d) 1, 3, and 4 only
3. He introduced the idea of issuing charters to Answer: A
grant the land to the officers of his
Explanation:
administration
● The Chalukyas of Badami erected numerous
How many of the statements given above are temples at Aihole, which has as many as seventy,
correct? from about AD 610. The work was continued in the
(a) Only one adjacent towns of Badami and Pattadakal.
(b) Only two ● The Lokesvara Virupaksha temple on the bank of
(c) All three the river Malaprabha was made to commemorate
(d) None Vikramaditya II victory over the Pallavas. The
Virupaksha temple is said to have become the
Answer: B
model for the Kailasha temple of Ellora, although
Explanation:
the former is in the Nagara style and the latter is
Statement 1 is incorrect: Harsha reign is an Dravida vimana.
example of the transition from ancient to medieval times.
● The Papanatha temple (680 C.E.) is a fusion of two 6
Harsha governed his empire on the same lines as the
designs. It was started in the Nagara style but later
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Guptas.
the Dravidian style was adopted. The temple was
Statement 2 is correct: The reign of Harsha onwards built by Queen Loka Mahadevi, wife of king
typifies the coming of the feudal age in north India just Vikramaditya II after the successful military campaign
as Pataliputra largely represents the pre-feudal order. His in Kanchipuram. It is inferred that it was built in
administration had become feudal and decentralized. different periods, in stages. The Papanatha and the
Virupaksha temples are larger and more important
than the others. Initially dedicated to Vishnu, the
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Papanatha temple, built in the Indo-Aryan style, (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
was later converted to the worship of Siva, correct
indicating that the Chalukya dynasty may have Answer: A
changed over from Vaishnavism to Shaivism. Explanation:
● The Mallikarjuna temple was commissioned by
● Every state required resources that could be obtained
Triloka Mahadevi, the second queen of
from its rural base. Therefore, the states could not
Vikramaditya II. The Chalukya king Vikramaditya II
multiply without the proliferation of rural
(AD 733–45) is said to have overrun Kanchi three
communities or an increase in the agricultural
times. In AD 740 he completely routed the Pallavas.
production of the existing villages.
● It is believed that the construction of the famous
● The feudal development that surfaced under the
Kailashanatha Temple in Maharashtra was started
Guptas was the grant of fiscal and administrative
in the mid 8th century under the direction of King
concessions to priests and administrators.
Krishna I (757-775) of the Rashtrakuta dynasty.
The Kailash temple is one of the world’s largest ● In tribal areas, the brahmanas were granted land, and
monolithic structures carved from one piece of rock the tribal peasantry learnt the value of preserving
and the most extensive rock-cut projects ever cattle and better methods of cultivation from them.
undertaken in history. The peasants also learned from the brahmanas the
new calendar that helped agriculture.
Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Formation of New
● Therefore, the large number of grants made to the
States and Rural Expansion in the Peninsula/ pdf no 173
brahmanas played an important role in spreading
and 174
new methods of cultivation and increasing the size
https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and- of the rural communities.
culture/heritage/gifts-from-the-
Hence both Statement I and Statement II are correct
chalukyas/article8232266.ece
and Statement II is the correct explanation for
https://www.mtdc.co.in/religiousplaces/kailashnath- Statement I
temple/ Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Life in the Gupta
Age/ pdf no. 157 and 158, and 175
15. With reference to Gupta period consider the
following statements: 16. With reference to the Chola King Rajaraja I, consider
Statement I: the following statements:
A substantial amount of virgin soil was brought 1. He invaded Sri Lanka and annexed the whole of
under cultivation and the size of the rural Sri Lankan empire.
communities increased
2. His naval conquest of the Maldives was one of
Statement II: his great accomplishments.
The grant of fiscal and administrative concessions to 3. He constructed the Brihadishwara temple in
priests and administrators was surfaced under the Tanjore
Guptas
How many of the statements given above are
Which one of the following is correct in respect of correct?
the above statements? 7
(a) Only one
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(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are
(b) Only two
correct and Statement II is the correct
explanation for Statement I (c) All three
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct (d) None
and Statement II is not the correct explanation Answer: B
for Statement I Explanation:
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is Statement 1 is incorrect: Rajaraja I invaded Sri Lanka
incorrect and annexed its northern part to his empire. This move
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was partly motivated by his desire to bring trade with the 2. In villages, the administration was carried out
Southeast Asian countries under his control. by the villagers themselves.
Statement 2 is correct: One of the Chola king Rajaraja I 3. The taxes on the land were collected by the
‘s naval exploits was the conquest of the Maldives. He village councils.
had more than one reason for this conquest as the How many of the statements given above are
Maldives Islands had become extremely rich through the correct?
money that came to it from trade. India sent many things (a) Only one
to Western Asia such as textiles, spices, and precious
(b) Only two
stones. The Maldives Islands were the main center of
(c) All three
this trade. Thus the conquest of these areas would have
diverted the income from this West Asia trade to the Chola (d) None
kingdom. Answer: B
Statement 3 is correct: Rajaraja and Rajendra I marked Explanation:
their victories by erecting a number of Shiva and Statement 1 is incorrect: The basic unit of
Vishnu temples at various places. The most famous of administration was the nadu which consisted of a
these was the Brihadishwara temple at Tanjore which was number of villages having close kinship ties and other
completed in 1010. The Brihadiswara temple at Tanjore close associations. Nadu were grouped into valanadus.
built by Rajaraja I. The Chola state was divided into four mandalams or
Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish provinces.
Chandra/ South India: The Chola Empire/pdf no. 38 and 45 Statements 2 and 3 are correct: In many of the villages,
the administration was carried out, not by the
government officials but by the villagers themselves.
17. With reference to Ancient History, the ritual “
The village council and the nadu performed several
Hiranya Garbha” refers to
administrative functions including dispensing justice
(a) A ritual to build a new temple and collecting taxes.
(b) A ritual to prove imperial sovereignty Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish
(c) A ritual for the rebirth of the sacrificer as a Chandra/ South India: The Chola Empire /pdf no. 31
Kshatriya
Our Pasts – ii / chapter-2 Kings and Kingdoms/Pdf page 10
(d) A ritual to maintain peace and harmony in the
state
19. With reference to the types of land in the Chola
Answer: C
kingdom, consider the following pairs:
Explanation:
Lands Owned by
In the mid-eighth century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta
chief, overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a 1. Vellanvagai land for the
ritual called hiranya-garbha (literally, the golden maintenance
womb). When this ritual was performed with the help of of a school
Brahmanas, it was thought to lead to the “rebirth” of the 2. Shalabhoga land gifted to
sacrificer as a Kshatriya, even if he was not one by temples
birth. 8
3. Tirunamattukkani land of non-
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Source: Our Pasts – ii / chapter-2 Kings and Kingdoms/ Brahmana
page 1 peasants
4. Pallichchhandam land donated
18. With reference to the Chola Government, consider to Jaina
the following statements: institutions
1. The kingdom was divided into provinces
5. Brahmadeya land gifted to
known as Valanadus.
Brahmanas
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How many of the pairs given above are correct? Statement 2 is correct: The main feature of the Dravidian
(a) Only two style was the building of many storeys above the
(b) Only three garbhagriha {the innermost chamber where the chief deity
resides). The number of storeys varied from five to
(c) Only four
seven, and they had a typical style which came to be
(d) All five
called the vimana. (The Dravida temple is enclosed within
Answer: A a compound wall. The front wall has an entrance gateway
Explanation: in its centre, which is known as a gopuram. The shape of
the main temple tower known as vimana in Tamil Nadu is
like a stepped pyramid that rises up geometrically rather
than the curving shikhara of North India).
Statement 3 is incorrect: This temple structure was
enclosed in a courtyard surrounded by high walls,
which were pierced by lofty gates called gopurams. In
course of time, the vimanas rose higher and higher, the
number of courtyards were increased to two or three,
and the gopurams also became more and more
elaborate. Thus the temple became a miniature city or a
palace, with living-rooms for priests and many others
being provided in it. The temples generally enjoyed
revenue-free grants of lands for their expenses.
Source: Our Pasts – ii / chapter-2 Kings and Kingdoms/Pdf Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish
page 11 Chandra/ South India: The Chola Empire /pdf no.43.
20. With reference to the temple architecture during the 21. In Ancient India the term “Manigramam” refers to:
Chola Empire, consider the following statements: (a) Brahmin Village
1. Dravidian style of architecture came into vogue (b) Merchant guild
during this period. (c) Head priest of the temple
2. The number of storeys varied from five to seven (d) Head of Village Council
in temples above the garbhagriha. Answer: B
3. The temple was enclosed in a courtyard Explanation:
surrounded by high walls with lofty gates Merchants prospered in the Chola kingdom. Some of
known as Vimanas the merchants joined together in a body called the
How many of the statements given above are merchant guilds, such as “manigramam”. A guild
correct? usually consists of persons working in the same profession.
(a) Only one Each merchant guild had its own caravans for transporting
(b) Only two goods. Some of them even had their own armed guard
who went with the caravans and defended them in case
(c) All three 9
they were attacked by robbers.
Page
(d) None
Source: Medieval India History Textbook for Class VII by
Answer: B
Romila Thapar/Chapter 2, Kingdoms of the South/ pdf no.
Explanation:
22.
Statement 1 is correct: Temple architecture in the south
attained its climax under the Cholas. The style of
architecture which came into vogue during this period
is called Dravidian, because it was confined largely to
south India.
www.ksgindia.com
22. Consider the following pairs in reference to the Statement 1 is correct: The Pala empire was founded
Chola Empire: by Gopala, probably in AD 750 when he was
Term Description democratically elected king by the notable men of the
area.
1. Muvendavelan Slave
Statement 2 is correct: Devapala, the son of
2. Araiyar A form of Dharamapala, who succeeded to the throne in AD. 810 and
forced labour ruled for 40 years, extended his control over
3. Vetti Peasant serving Pragjyotishpur (Assam) and parts of Orissa. A part of
three kings Modern Nepal was also brought under Pala suzerainty.
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Statement 3 is correct: The power of Pala kingdom was
attested to by an Arab merchant, Sulaiman, who visited
(a) Only one
India in the middle of the ninth century and wrote an
(b) Only two
account of it. He calls the Pala Kingdom Ruhma, (or
(c) All three Dharma, short for Dharamapala).
(d) None Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish Chandra
Answer: D /Chapter-2 Northern India: Age of the Three Empires/pdf
Explanation: no. 24, 25.
Muvendavelan: The Chola kings gave some rich
landowners titles like muvendavelan (a velan or peasant 24. Consider the following statements:
serving three kings).
Statements I:
Araiyar: It means Chief. This title was given by the Chola
During Pala rule, many Tibetan Buddhists flocked to
Kings to rich persons as markers of respect and entrusted
the universities of Nalanda and Vikramsila for study.
them with important offices of the state at the center.
Statement II:
Vetti: The most frequently mentioned tax in the Chola
The noted Buddhist scholars, Santarakshita and
inscription is vetti, taken not in cash but in the form of
Dipankara (called Atisa), introduced a new form of
forced labour.
Buddhism in Tibet.
Source: Our Pasts – ii / chapter-2 Kings and Kingdoms/Pdf
Which one of the following is correct in respect of
page 3, and 10.
the above statements?
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are
23. With reference to the Pala kingdom, consider the correct and Statement II is the correct
following statements: explanation for Statement I
1. Its founder was democratically elected. (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. A part of Nepal was brought under the Pala and Statement II is not the correct explanation
suzerainty. for Statement I
3. Arab merchant Suleiman wrote and account (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
about the Pala kingdom. incorrect
correct?
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is 10
correct
Page
(a) Only one Answer: A

(b) Only two Explanation:
(c) All three The Pala rulers also had close cultural relations with Tibet.
(d) None The noted Buddhist scholars, Santarakshita and
Answer: C Dipankara (called Atisa) were invited to Tibet, and they
introduced a new form of Buddhism in Tibet. As a
Explanation:
result, many Tibetan Buddhists flocked to the
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universities of Nalanda and Vikramsila for study. Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish Chandra
Although the Palas were supporters of Buddhism, they also /Chapter-2 Northern India: Age of the Three Empires/pdf
extended their patronage to Saivism and Vaishnavism. no 30, and 31.
Hence both Statement I and Statement II are correct
and Statement II is the correct explanation for 26. Consider the following pairs:
Statements I.
Administrative Descriptions
Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish Post
Chandra /Chapter-2 Northern India: Age of the Three
Empires/pdf no 25 and 26. 1. Mir Bakhshi Head of the
intelligence
agency
25. With reference to the Rashtrakutas, consider the
following statements: 2. Chief sadr Head of the
Judiciary
1. Krishna III annexed the northern part of the
Chola empire by defeating the Chola king 3. Waqia-navis Intelligence
2. Indra III built the famous rock-cut temple of officers
Shiva at Ellora. 4. Mir Saman In charge of
3. Amoghavarsha was the first author of a the imperial
Kannada book on poetics. household
Which of the statements given above are correct? How many of the pairs given above are correctly
(a) 1 and 2 only matched?
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) Only one
(c) 1 and 3 only (b) Only two
(d) 1, 2, and 3 (c) Only three
Answer: C (d) All four
Explanation: Answer: B
Statement 1 is correct: Krishna III was the last in a line of Explanations:
brilliant rulers of the Rashtrakutas dynasty. He launched a Mir Bakshi: The head of the military department was
campaign against the Chola ruler of Tanjore, who had called the mir bakhshi. The mir bakhshi was also the
supplanted the Pallavas of Kanchi. Krishna III defeated head of the intelligence and information agencies of the
the Chola king, Parantaka I (AD 949), and annexed the empire. (pair 1 is correctly matched)
northern part of the Chola empire. He then pressed Chief Sadr: The chief sadr who was responsible for all
down to Rameshwaram and set up a pillar of victory there charitable and religious endowments. Thus, it was a post
and built a temple. which carried considerable power and patronage. (pair 2
Statement 2 is incorrect: Grandson of the Rashtrakutas is incorrectly matched)
ruler Amoghavarsha, Indra III re-established the Waqia-navis: Intelligence officers (barids) and news
Rashtrakutas Kingdom. The famous rock-cut temple of reporters (waqia-navis) were posted to all parts of the
Siva at Ellora was built by one of the Rashtrakuta kings,
Krishna I, in the ninth century.
empire. Their reports were presented to the emperor at 11
the court through the mir bakhshi. (pair 3 is incorrectly
Page
Statement 3 is correct: Amoghavarsha was one of the matched)

greatest ruler among the Rashtrakutas. He was himself Mir Saman: He was in charge of the imperial household
an author and is credited with writing the first Kannada in the Mughal administration, including the supply of all
book on poetics. He was a great builder, and is said to the provisions and articles for the use of the inmates of the
have built the capital city Manyakhet so as to excel the city haram or the female apartments. Many of these articles
of Indra. were manufactured under supervision in royal workshops
called karkhanas. (pair 4 is correctly matched)
www.ksgindia.com
Source: History-of-Medieval-India-by-Satish-Chandra/ Which of the statements given above are correct?
Consolidation of the Mughal Empire Age of Akbar/ pdf no. (a) 1 and 2 only
256 (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
27. With reference to the administration of the Palas, (d) 1, 2, and 3
Pratiharas, and Rashtrakutas, consider the following Answer: D
statements:
Explanation:
1. Ministers’ position in the administration was
Statement 1 is correct: The affairs of the village were
often hereditary.
managed by an executive committee to which educated
2. All the officials were paid by giving them grants persons owning property were elected either by
of rent-free land. drawing lots or by rotation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Statement 2 is correct: The member of the executive
(a) 1 only committee of local self-government of villages had to
(b) 2 only retire every three years.
(c) Both 1 and 2 Statement 3 is correct: There are long inscription
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (uttaramerur inscription) on the walls of some of the
villages temple giving details of how the assembly or
Answer: C
Sabha were organised. Two inscriptions belonging to the
Explanation:
period of Parantaka I found at Uttaramerur provide details
Statement 1 is correct: Kings were generally advised by a of the formation and functions of village councils. (These
number of ministers. The ministers were chosen by the two written inscriptions acted like a local constitution of
king, generally from leading families. Their position was gram sabha)
often hereditary.
Source: Satish Chandra.
Statement 2 is correct: All the officials of these
kingdoms were paid by giving them grants of rent-free
land. This tended to blur the distinction between local 29. Consider the following pairs:
officials and the hereditary chiefs and smaller vassals. Books Authors
An important feature of the period was the rise in the 1. Lilawati Harisena
Deccan of hereditary revenue officers called nad
2. Rajatarangini Kalhana
gavundas or desa gramakutas. They appear to have
discharged the same functions as the deshmukhs and 3. Brihatkatha- Bhaskar II
deshpandes of later times in Maharashtra. Kosh
Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish Chandra 4. Kavirajamarga Amoghavarsha
/Chapter-2 Northern India: Age of the Three Empires/pdf Which of the pairs given above are correctly
no 33, 34 and 35. matched?
(a) 1 and 4 only
28. With reference to local self-government in the Chola (b) 2 and 3 only
Empire, consider the following statements: (c) 1 and 2 only
12
Page
1. Only property-owning and educated persons (d) 2 and 4 only
can be elected to the executive committee of
Answer: D
the village.
Explanation:
2. The tenure of members of the executive
Lilawati: (Lilavati) was composed by renowned
committee was three years.
astronomer and mathematician Bhaskaracharya
3. The local self-government had its own written (Bhaskara II) (b. 1114 AD) in 1150.
constitution.
www.ksgindia.com
Brihatkatha-kosh: it is written by Harisena, the peculiar central India. It is dedicated to Shiva, who is represented
features of the languages of the area, their dresses, etc., by the linga in the main shrine known as the womb
are mentioned in the books of the 10th Century period. chamber located at the heart of the building.
Amoghavarsha I was also a famous poet and scholar and Parsvanatha temple: It is a Jain temple in Khajuraho,
wrote Kavirajamarga, the earliest extant literary work in Central India. It was built using honey-colored
Kannada sandstone. This temple was built between 950–970 and
The Rajatarangini (literally, River of Kings) is an epic poem has a sculpture of lord Vishnu as well. The rulers of the
(mahakavya/prabandha) composed in the classical Chandela dynasty built these temples between 950 AD
language, Sanskrit, in 1148-50 CE in Kashmir. It was — 1050 AD.
composed by a Kashmiri Pandit, named Kalhana. Lingaraja temple: The temple is believed to be built by the
Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish kings from the Somavamsi dynasty, with later additions
Chandra/ chapter IV- Economic and Social Life, Education from the Eastern Ganga rulers. The structure represents
and Religious Beliefs (800– 1200)/ PDF NO- 53, 56 and 66. Odishan architecture at its most mature stage, with its deul
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Amoghava (tower) rising to a height of more than 180 ft. It is
rsha particularly fascinating in the way that the turrets inserted
on the ribs of the spire incorporate miniature replicas of
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/84171/3/U
the tower itself.
nit-6.pdf
Visvanatha temple: The Vishvanatha Temple is one of
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/important-ancient-
over 80 temples originally built by the Chandella rulers,
indian-history-books-and-their-writer/
begun possibly as early as 850 AD, and built over a period
https://www.uou.ac.in/lecturenotes/science/MSCMT- of about 300 years. Most temples at Khajuraho are built of
19/lilavati.pdf a fine sandstone; however the earliest few temples are built
of granite. Today less than 20 of the original temples
30. Consider the following pairs: remain in any well-preserved form.
Temples Built By Source:
https://education.asianart.org/resources/kandariya-
1. Kandarya Mahadeo Chandella
mahadeva-temple/
temple kings
https://medium.com/@humera.listings.igx/khajuraho-
2. Parsvanatha temple Chalukyas
temples-at-its-glorious-best-e9c044b731a5
3. Lingaraja temple Somavamsi https://imibh.edu.in/lingaraja_temple
dynasty
https://web.njit.edu/~delano/vishvanatha.htm
4. Visvanatha temple Cholas https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredible-india-
Which of the pairs given above are correctly v2/en/destinations/bhubaneswar/lingaraj-temple.html
matched? A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish Chandra/
(a) 1 and 2 only Chapter V - The Age of Conflict (Circa 1000-1200)/ pdf no.
(b) 3 and 4 only 81 and 82.
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 4 only 31. Which of the following were the reasons for the
13
Page
Answer: C defeats of the Rajputs by the Turks?

Explanation: 1. Rajputs little attention towards developments
Kandarya Mahadeo temple: This temple and more than outside India.
80 others were built by the Chandella kings, who ruled 2. The growth of feudalism in India.
area of central India between 950–1050 CE. The 3. Turks had superior weapons compared to the
Kandariya Mahadeva is the largest and tallest of the Indians.
surviving temples at the temple site of Khajuraho, in
www.ksgindia.com
Select the correct answer using the code given Answer: B
below: Explanation:
(a) 1 and 2 only Statement 1 is correct: Al-Biruni was born in 973, in
(b) 2 and 3 only Khwarizm in present day Uzbekistan. It was in Ghazni
(c) 1 and 3 only that Al-Biruni developed an interest in India. When the
Punjab became a part of the Ghaznavid empire in 11 th
(d) 1, 2, and 3
century AD, contacts with the local population helped
Answer: A
create an environment of mutual trust and understanding.
Explanation: Al-Biruni spent years in the company of Brahmana priests
Statement 1 is correct: From the end of the tenth century, and scholars, learning Sanskrit, and studying religious and
the Turks had started reconnoitring India. The Rajputs did philosophical texts.
put up spirited and prolonged resistance, and defeated
Statement 2 is correct: Al-Biruni tried to explain the caste
the Turkish armies a number of times. But the Rajputs
system by looking for parallels in other societies. In spite
lacked what might be called ‘strategic vision’. The gaze of
of his acceptance of the Brahmanical description of the
the Rajputs remained fixed on India, and they paid
caste system, Al-Biruni disapproved the notion of
little attention to developments outside, specially to
pollution in castes. The conception of social pollution,
Central Asia which had often played a key-role in
intrinsic to the caste system, was according to him,
shaping the history of India.
contrary to the laws of nature.
Statement 2 is correct: The weakness of the Indians was
He stated that the state of impurity does not remain
social and organizational. The growth of feudalism, i.e.,
forever. It soon regains its original conditions of purity. The
rise of the local landed elements and chiefs had
sun cleanses the air, the salt in the sea prevent the water
weakened the administrative structure and military
from being polluted.
organisation of the Indian states.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind,
Statement 3 is incorrect: The Turks did not have any
superior weapons at their disposal as compared to the written in Arabic, is simple and lucid. Al-Biruni, who
Indians. The iron-stirrup which had changed the mode of wrote in Arabic, probably intended his work for peoples
warfare in Europe, as we have noted earlier, had spread in living along the frontiers of the subcontinent.
India from the 8th century onwards. Ibn Battuta’s book of travels, called Rihla, written in
Arabic, provides extremely rich and interesting details
Source: A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA by Satish
about the social and cultural life in the subcontinent in the
Chandra/ Chapter V - The Age of Conflict (Circa 1000-
fourteenth century.
1200)/ pdf no-89, 90 and 91.
Source: THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY – PART II/Through
the Eyes of Travellers
32. With reference to the traveler Al-Biruni, consider the
Perceptions of Society (c. tenth to seventeenth century)/
following statements:
pdf no. 4, 5, 6 and 12.
1. He was from Uzbekistan and visited India in
11th Century AD.
33. Consider the following pairs:
2. He disagreed with the idea that castes are
contaminated. Books Authors
3. He was the author of the book Rihla written in 1. Rihla Ibn Battuta
14
Page
Arabic.
How many of the statements given above are 2. Kitab-ul-Hind Amir Khuarau
correct?
3. Kashf-ul-Mahjub Abu’l Hasan al
(a) Only one
Hujwir
(b) Only two
Which of the pairs given above are correctly
(c) All three
matched?
(d) None
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(a) 1 and 2 only Nayanars leaders who were devotees of Shiva.
(b) 2 and 3 only Alvars who were “immersed” in devotion to Vishnu
(c) 1 and 3 only travelled from place to place singing hymns in Tamil in
(d) 1, 2, and 3 praise of their gods. During their travels, the Alvars
identified certain shrines as abodes of their chosen deities.
Answer: C
Very often large temples were later built at these sacred
Explanation:
places.
Rihla: Ibn Battuta’s book of travels, called Rihla,
The Alvars initiated a movement of protest against the
written in Arabic, provides extremely rich and interesting
caste system and the dominance of Brahmanas or at
details about the social and cultural life in the subcontinent
least attempted to reform the system. To some extent
in the fourteenth century.
this is corroborated by the fact that bhaktas hailed from
Kitab-ul-Hind: Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind, written in diverse social backgrounds ranging from Brahmanas to
Arabic, is simple and lucid. It is a voluminous text, divided artisans and cultivators and even from castes considered
into 80 chapters on subjects such as religion and “untouchable”. (Statement D is correct)
philosophy, festivals, astronomy, alchemy, manners and
Perhaps one of the most striking features of these
customs, social life, weights and measures, iconography,
traditions was the presence of women. For instance, the
laws and metrology
compositions of Andal, a woman Alvar, were widely sung
Kashf-ul-Mahjub: In 1039 Abu’l Hasan al Hujwiri, a (and continue to be sung to date). These women
native of Hujwir near Ghazni in Afghanistan, was forced renounced their social obligations, but did not join an
to cross the Indus as a captive of the invading Turkish alternative order or become nuns. Their very existence
army. He settled in Lahore and wrote a book in Persian and their compositions posed a challenge to patriarchal
called the Kashf-ul-Mahjub (Unveiling of the Veiled) to norms
explain the meaning of tasawwuf (Sufism), and those who
Source: THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY – PART II/ Bhakti-
practised it, that is, the Sufi.
Sufi Traditions Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional
Source: THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY – PART II/Through Texts (c. eighth to eighteenth century)/ pdf no. 31 and 32.
the Eyes of Travellers Perceptions of Society (c. tenth to
seventeenth century)/ pdf no 5, 6.
35. With reference to the Nayanars in ancient South
THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY – PART II/ Bhakti- Sufi
India, consider the following statements:
Traditions Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional
1. They were devotees of the lord Shiva.
Texts (c. eighth to eighteenth century)/ pdf no 43.
2. Andal was a woman devotee of this tradition.
3. Karaikkal Ammaiyar was a devotee Shiva,
34. Which one of the following statements about Alvars
adopted the path of extreme asceticism.
in South India is correct?
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) These persons were immersed in devotion to
Shiva (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) They travelled from place to place singing (b) 2 and 3 only
hymns in Kannada (c) 1 and 3 only
(c) Women of this traditions renounced their social (d) 1, 2, and 3 15
obligation and join an alternative order Answer: C
Page
(d) They initiated a movement of protest Explanation:

against the caste system Statement 1 is correct: Nayanars leaders who were
Answer: D devotees of Shiva, travelled from place to place singing
Explanation: hymns in Tamil in praise of their gods. During their
Some of the earliest bhakti movements (c. sixth century) travels Nayanars identified certain shrines as abodes of
were led by the Alvars, those who are “immersed” in their chosen deities. Very often large temples were later
devotion to Vishnu. (statement a is incorrect). built at these sacred places.
www.ksgindia.com
Statement 2 is incorrect: Andal, a woman Alvar saw Statement 3 is correct: The Lingayats also encouraged
herself as the beloved of Vishnu; her verses express her certain practices disapproved in the Dharmashastras,
love for her deity Vishnu. such as post-puberty marriage and the remarriage of
Statement 3 is correct: Karaikkal Ammaiyar, a devotee of widows. Our understanding of the Virashaiva tradition is
Shiva, adopted the path of extreme asceticism in order derived from vachanas (literally, sayings) composed in
to attain her goal. Her compositions were preserved Kannada by women and men who joined the movement.
within the Nayanar tradition. These women renounced Source: THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY – PART II/ Bhakti-
their social obligations, but did not join an alternative Sufi Traditions Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional
order or become nuns. Their very existence and their Texts (c. eighth to eighteenth century)/ pdf no. 35.
compositions posed a challenge to patriarchal norms.
Source: THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY – PART II/ Bhakti- 37. Which one of the following statements is incorrect
Sufi Traditions Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional about the religious policy of Akbar?
Texts (c. eighth to eighteenth century)/ pdf no. 31, 32 and (a) He abolished the pilgrim taxes
33. (b) He took the religious path of Monotheism
(c) He established Din-i-Ilahi as a new religion.
36. With reference to the Virashaivas tradition, consider (d) Not all the people at court accepted Akbar’s
the following statements: religious guidance
1. It was led by Basavanna, a minister in the court Answer: C
of a Chalukya king. Explanation: Ibadat Khana was the place in Fatehpur Sikri
2. They practice funerary rites such as cremation. where Akbar held discussion on various religions. Akbar
3. They promoted post-puberty marriage and the was very interested in the problems of religion. He felt
remarriage of widows. that every religion pointed towards Gods. Akbar
How many of the statements given above are suggested a new religious path, not a new religion. This
correct? was based on the common truths of all religions and a few
(a) Only one rules taken from various religions. This religious path was
later referred to as the Din-i-Ilahi or divine
(b) Only two
monotheism- the religion of one God. Not all the
(c) All three people at the court accepted Akbar’s spiritual
(d) None guidance. Some of the nobles such as Raja Birbal
Answer: B became sincere followers. But Raja Man Singh
Explanation: disapproved all this. Akbar respected their feelings and
The twelfth century witnessed the emergence of a new did not insist that they follow his religious teachings.
movement in Karnataka. In 1564, Akbar abolished the jizyah which was
Statement 1 is correct: The Virashaiva Tradition in sometimes used by the ulama to humiliate non-Muslims
Karnataka was led by a Brahmana named Basavanna and was often considered a symbol of Muslim domination
(1106-68) who was initially a Jaina and a minister in the and superiority. He had earlier abolished the pilgrim
court of a Chalukya king. His followers were known as tax, and the practice of forcible conversion of prisoners
Virashaivas (heroes of Shiva) or Lingayats (wearers of the of war. 16
linga). Source: History-of-Medieval-India-by-Satish-Chandra/
Page
Statement 2 is incorrect: Lingayats believe that on Consolidation of the Mughal Empire Age of Akbar/ pdf no.
death the devotee will be united with Shiva and will 269, 271 and 259.
not return to this world. Therefore, they do not practise
funerary rites such as cremation, prescribed in the 38. During the Mughal period the term “Bakshi” refers
Dharmashastras. Instead, they ceremonially bury their to:
dead. (a) military paymaster
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(b) minister in charge of religious and charitable physician to Prince Dara Shukoh, the eldest son of
patronage Emperor Shah Jahan, and later as an intellectual and
(c) military commander scientist, with Danishmand Khan, an Armenian noble at the
(d) turkish noblemen Mughal court.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Terms related to administration during mughal period
● Small nucleus of Turkish nobles (Turanis)
● Military paymaster (bakhshi)
● The minister in charge of religious and charitable
patronage (sadr)
● Military commanders (faujdars)
● The town police commander (kotwal)
Source :https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?gess1=4-8
page no 51,54
https://franpritchett.com/00islamlinks/ikram/glossary.htm
l for all terms related to Mughal Administration
39. Arrange the following personalities in the correct

chronological order in which they visited India?
1. Ibn Battuta
2. François Bernier
3. Afanasii Nikitich Nikitin
4. Mahmud Wali Balkhi
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1- 3- 4- 2
(b) 1- 2- 3- 4
(c) 4- 1- 3- 2
(d) 4- 2- 3 – 1
Answer: A
Explanation
Travelling overland through Central Asia, Ibn Battuta Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs201.pdf
reached Sind in 1333. He had heard about Muhammad
bin Tughlaq, the Sultan of Delhi, and lured by his
reputation as a generous patron of arts and letters, set off
40. With reference to Delhi Sultanate, consider the 17
following statements:
Page
for Delhi, passing through Multan and Uch. The Sultan was
impressed by his scholarship, and appointed him the qazi 1. Iltutmish introduced the theory of kingship.
or judge of Delhi. 2. Qutub Minar was built by Qutubuddin Aibak,
François Bernier, a Frenchman, was a doctor, political Iltutmish and Firuz Shah Tughluq.
philosopher and historian. Like many others, he came to 3. Alauddin Khilji led expeditions to Bhilsa and
the Mughal Empire in search of opportunities. He was in Devgiri before ascending the throne.
India for twelve years, from 1656 to 1668, and was Which of the statements given above are correct?
closely associated with the Mughal court, as a (a) 1 and 2 only
www.ksgindia.com
(b) 2 and 3 only https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/332courseE/L-
(c) 1 and 3 only 6%20INDO-%20ISLAMIC%20ARCHITECTURE.pdf page no
(d) 1, 2 and 3 3
Answer: B Statement 3 is correct:
Explanation: Alauddin Khalji was Jalaluddin’s nephew and son-in-law.
Statement 1 incorrect: He helped his uncle during struggle for power and was
appointed as Amir-i-Tuzuk (Master of Ceremonies).
Balban wanted to break the power of the Chahalgani.
Alauddin had two victorious expeditions during the reign
To keep himself well informed, he appointed spies in
of Jalaluddin. After the first expedition of Bhilsa (Vidisa)
every department. He also organised a strong centralised
in AD 1292, he was given the iqta of Awadh along with
army, both to deal with internal disturbances and to repel
that of Kara. He was also appointed Arizi-i-Mumalik
the Mongols who had entrenched themselves in the
(Minister of War). In AD 1294, he led the first Turkish
Punjab and posed a serious threat to the Delhi Sultanate.
expedition to southern India and plundered Devagiri.
Balban re-organised the military department (diwan-i-
The successful expedition proved that Alauddin was an
arz) and deployed army in different parts of the country to
able military commander and efficient organiser. In July AD
put down rebellion
1296, he murdered his uncle and father-in-law Jalaluddin
Balban adopted a policy of consolidation rather than Khalji and crowned himself as the Sultan.
expansion. He introduced a new theory of kingship and
https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/SrSec315NEW/315_H
redefined the relations between the Sultan and
istory_Eng/315_History_Eng_Lesson9.pdf page no 141
nobility. Through these measures Balban strengthened
the Delhi Sultanate.
https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/SrSec315NEW/315_H 41. With reference to the political situation of North
istory_Eng/315_History_Eng_Lesson9.pdf page no 139 and India in the late 12th century, consider the following
140 statements:
Statement 2 is correct: 1. The area between Delhi and Ajmer was ruled by
Chauhans.
Qutub-ud-din Aibek was the first ruler of the slave
Dynasty. Qutub minar was constructed as a 'symbol of 2. Prithviraj III was defeated by Mohammad Ghori
Victory' but later he dedicated it to Sufi Saint-Bakhtiyar in 1192.
Kaki as a gift. It is a good example of Indo-Turkish style of Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Architecture. Red and white sand-stones are used in (a) 1 only
constructing the Qutub Minar. On its top floor marble (b) 2 only
stones are also used. Stucco lime-mixture as mortar for (c) Both 1 and 2
cementing its constructional work has been used.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Qutub-ud-din Aibek completed only the first storey Answer: C
during his reign (1206 to 1210 AD). Afterward king
Explanation:
Iltutmish got the 2nd, 3rd and 4th storeys completed. 5th
Both the statements 1 and 2 are correct:
storey was constructed by Emperor Firozeshah Tughuluk
of Tughlaq dynasty. Qutub-minar is situated at Mehrauli in Chauhans ruled over the region around Delhi and Ajmer.
Delhi. They attempted to expand their control to the west and 18
the east, where they were opposed by the Chalukyas of
Page
Style of Architecture:
Gujarat and the Gahadavalas of western Uttar Pradesh. The
Qutub Minar is most famous for its 'Shankh' like form. Its
Chahamana ruler Prithviraja III (1168–1192), who
strong ribs supporting its balconies, geometrical
defeated an Afghan ruler Sultan Muhammad Ghori in
decorative carvings and Arabic inscriptions along with pure 1191, but lost to him the very next year, in 1192 in the
Indian decorative symbols in its stylistic construction. battle of Tarain.
https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/gess103.pdf page no 36 https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?gess1=2-8 page no 21
www.ksgindia.com
42. With reference to Akbar’s policy towards Rajput, 3. Basohli Miniature paintings of Himachal
consider the following statements: Pradesh
1. He entered into marriage alliance between his Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
family and various Rajput royal families. matched?
2. He gave Rajputs high offices in his (a) 1 and 2
administration (b) 2 only
3. He blended a policy of religious intolerance (c) 1 and 3 only
with his Rajput policy. (d) 3 only
How many of the statements given above are Answer: C
correct? Explanation:
(a) Only one Lilatilakam : It deals with grammar and poetics. It was
(b) Only two composed in Manipravalam literally, “diamonds and
(c) All three corals” referring to the two languages, Sanskrit and the
(d) None regional language.
Answer: B https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?gess1=7-8 page no 80
Explanations: Kathaks:
Statement 1 is correct: Akbar was keen to have friendly ● The kathaks were originally a caste of story-tellers
relations with the Rajputs. One of the way in which he did in temples of north India, who embellished their
this was to enter into marriage alliance between his performances with gestures and songs.
family and various Rajput royal families. He himself ● Kathak began evolving into a distinct mode of dance
married a number of Rajput princesses. in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries with the
Statement 2 is correct: Akbar’s policy of friendship and spread of the bhakti movement.
alliance with the Rajputs made his position stronger. He ● Under the Mughal emperors and their nobles, Kathak
also gave them high offices in his administration. Some was performed in the court, where it acquired its
of his most important and loyal officers and advisors present features and developed into a form of dance
were Rajputs, such as Raja Man Singh. with a distinctive style.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Akbar followed a different policy ● Subsequently, it developed in two traditions or
of religion. He gave complete religious freedom to his gharanas: one in the courts of Rajasthan (Jaipur) and
Hindu wives and gave an honoured place to their the other in Lucknow.
parents and relations in the nobility. Akbar’s Rajput ● By the third quarter of the nineteenth century, it was
policy was combined with a policy of broad religious
firmly entrenched as a dance form not only in these
toleration. In 1564, he abolished the jizyah which was
two regions, but in the adjoining areas of present-day
sometimes used by the ulama to humiliate non-Muslims
Punjab, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir Bihar and
and was often considered a symbol of Muslim domination
Madhya Pradesh.
and superiority.
● Kathak, like several other cultural practices, was
Source: History-of-Medieval-India-by-Satish-Chandra/
viewed with disfavour by most British administrators
Consolidation of the Mughal Empire Age of Akbar/ pdf no. 19
in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
257 and 258.
However, it survived and continued to be performed
Page
●
by courtesans, and was recognised as one of the six
43. Consider the following pairs: "classical" forms of dance in the country after
List I List II independence.
1. Lilatilakam Book on grammar and poetics https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?gess1=7-8 page 89
2. Mangal kavyas Caste of story-tellers in temples Bhasoli:
of north India
www.ksgindia.com
● It is a miniature painting that developed in the indicating that they were composed between the late
Himalayan foothills around the modern-day state of fifteenth and mid-eighteenth centuries.
Himachal Pradesh. ● Those belonging to the second category circulated
● By the late seventeenth century, this region had orally and cannot be precisely dated.
developed a bold and intense style of miniature ● They were particularly popular in eastern Bengal,
painting called Basohli. where the influence of Brahmanas was relatively weak.
● The most popular text to be painted here was https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?gess1=7-8
Bhanudatta's Rasamanjari.
● Nadir Shah's invasion and the conquest of Delhi in 44. Consider the following statements with respect to
1739 resulted in the migration of Mughal artists to the Vijayanagar Empire:
hills to escape the uncertainties of the plains.
1. Harihara and Bukka founded the Vijayanagara
● Here they found ready patrons which led to the Empire in 1336.
founding of the Kangra school of painting.
2. Krishnadeva Raya composed a work on
● By the mid-eighteenth century the Kangra artists statecraft in Telugu known as the
developed a style which breathed a new spirit into Amuktamalyada.
miniature painting.
3. Afanasii Nikitin from Russia visited
● Soft colours including cool blues and greens, and a Vijayanagara empire in the fifteenth century.
lyrical treatment of themes distinguished Kangra
painting.
correct?
(a) Only one
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?gess1=7-8 page 83-84
(b) Only two
Nath and Mangal Kavya:
(c) All three
● Early Bengali literature is divided into two categories
(d) None
– one indebted to Sanskrit and the other independent
Answer: C
of it.
Explanation:
● The first includes translations of the Sanskrit epics, the
Statement 1 is correct:
Mangalakavyas (literally auspicious poems, dealing
with local deities) and bhakti literature, such as the Harihara and Bukka founded the Vijayanagara Empire
biographies of Chaitanyadeva, the leader of the in 1336. This empire included within its fluctuating
Vaishnava bhakti movement. frontiers peoples who spoke different languages and
followed different religious traditions. On their northern
● The second includes Nath literature, such as the
frontier, the Vijayanagara kings competed with
songs of Maynamati and Gopichandra, stories
contemporary rulers – including the Sultans of the Deccan
concerning the worship of Dharma Thakur, and fairy
and the Gajapati rulers of Orissa – for control of the fertile
tales, folk tales and ballads.
river valleys and the resources generated by lucrative
● Maynamati, Gopichandra and Dharma Thakur The overseas trade. At the same time, interaction between
Naths were ascetics who engaged in a variety of yogic these states led to sharing of ideas, especially in the field
practices. of architecture. 20
● This particular song, which was often enacted,
Page
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=3-4 page
described how Maynamati, a queen, encouraged her no 171
son Gopichandra to adopt the path of asceticism in
Statement 2 is correct: Krishnadeva Raya (ruled 1509-29),
the face of a variety of obstacles.
the most famous ruler of Vijayanagara, composed a work
● Dharma Thakur is a popular regional deity, often on statecraft in Telugu known as the Amuktamalyada.
worshipped in the form of a stone or a piece of wood.
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=3-4 page
● The texts belonging to the first category are easier to no 173
date, as several manuscripts have been found
www.ksgindia.com
Statement 3 is correct: A large number of inscriptions of repair of existing ones, like the Shahnahr in Punjab
the kings of Vijayanagara and their Nayakas recording during Shah Jahan's reign in northern India.
donations to temples as well as describing important Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=4-4 Page
events have been recovered. Several travellers visited the no 198,199 and 200
city and wrote about it. Notable among their accounts are Statement 2 is correct:
those of an Italian trader named Nicolo de Conti, Abdur ● The third volume of Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari was
Razzaq (an ambassador sent by the ruler of Persia and translated into English by H.S. Jarrett and further
Afanasii Nikitin(a merchant) from Russia, all of whom annotated by Jadu Nath Sarkar.
visited the city in the fifteenth century.
● It provides a comprehensive description of
Duarte Barbosa, Domingo Paes and Fernao Nuniz from 'Hindustan,' including its boundaries, the types of
Portugal came in the sixteenth century. crops grown, land classifications and climatic
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=3-4 page conditions.
no 176 ● The volume also offers insights into the wildlife found
45. With reference to the Mughal period, consider the in 'Hindustan' and their natural habitats.
following statements: ● It presents an account of the religious beliefs and
1. Shahnahr canal was repaired during Akbar’s principles held by the people of 'Hindustan,' as well
reign. as their dietary preferences, rituals, and more.
2. Ain-i- Akbari deals with agrarian arrangements ● The work provides a glimpse into Akbar's personal
made between the state and the peasants. ideas concerning the divine and the world.
3. Do-fasla was a unit used to measure Source:https://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/ain-i-akbari-
agricultural fields. abul-fazl-i-allami-voliii
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? ● One of the critical historical records is the Ain-i Akbari,
(a) 1 and 3 only also known as the Ain, written by Akbar's court
(b) 2 only historian Abu'l Fazl.
(c) 3 only ● The Ain provides detailed documentation of the
state's efforts to support agriculture, facilitate
(d) 1, 2 and 3
revenue collection by state agencies, and govern
Answer: B the interactions between the state and rural
Explanation: landowners, known as zamindars.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=4-4 page
● During the Mughal Period there were three key 197
factors driving agriculture expansion were abundant Statement 3 is incorrect:
land, accessible labour and mobile peasants. ● Agriculture revolved around two primary seasonal
● Agriculture's primary aim was to provide essential cycles: the kharif (autumn) and the rabi (spring).
food staples, such as rice, wheat and millets, which ● Most regions, except the extremely arid or
were commonly grown. inhospitable terrains, yielded a minimum of two
● Regions receiving 40 inches or more of annual rainfall crops a year, known as "do-fasla."
were typically rice-producing areas, followed by ● Some areas with adequate rainfall or irrigation
21
Page
wheat and millets based on declining precipitation. managed to produce three crops annually.
● Monsoons remained vital for Indian agriculture, both ● This system led to a vast array of agricultural products.
historically and to this day. ● According to the Ain, Mughal provinces like Agra
● Some crops required additional water, necessitating produced 39 different crop varieties, while Delhi
the development of artificial irrigation systems. produced 43 varieties across the two seasons.
● The state provided support for irrigation projects, ● Bengal was particularly diverse, producing 50
including the construction of new canals and the distinct varieties of rice alone.
www.ksgindia.com
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=4-4 page professional rights, serving as a deterrent to caste
no 200 norm violations.
• Besides the village panchayat, each caste or jati in the
46. Which of the following statements are correct about village had its own jati panchayat, which held
agrarian society during the Mughal period? significant power in rural society.
1. Muqaddam or village head were hereditary • In Rajasthan, jati panchayats mediated civil disputes
posts. among members of different castes, resolved
2. Mandals in eastern India were appointed to contested land claims, determined adherence to caste-
supervise marriages. specific marriage norms, and decided on ritual
precedence in village events, among other matters.
3. Jajmani system was a way in which artisans
were remunerated for their work in cash. • In most cases, except for criminal justice issues, the
state respected the decisions made by jati panchayats.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below: Source: ttps://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=4-4 Page
203
(a) 1 and 2 only
Statement 3 is correct:
(b) 2 and 3 only
Another variant of this was a system where artisans and
(c) 1 and 3 only
individual peasant households entered into a mutually
(d) 1, 2 and 3
negotiated system of remuneration, most of the time
Answer: B goods for services. For example, eighteenth-century
Explanation: records tell us of zamindars in Bengal who remunerated
Statement 1 is incorrect: blacksmiths, carpenters, even goldsmiths for their work by
● The panchayat was led by a headman, known as a paying them “a small daily allowance and diet money”. This
muqaddam or mandal. later came to be described as the jajmani system, though
● The headman's selection process involved village the term was not in vogue in the sixteenth and seventeenth
elders reaching a consensus, which then had to be centuries. Such evidence is interesting because it indicates
approved by the zamindar. the intricate ways in which exchange networks operated at
● Headmen remained in office as long as they retained the micro-level of the village. Cash remuneration was not
the trust of the village elders; otherwise, they could be entirely unknown either.
removed by them. Source:https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=4-4 Page
● The primary responsibility of the headman was to 205
oversee the creation of village accounts, with
assistance from the panchayat's accountant or 47. Which of the following statements are correct about
patwari the condition of women in Medieval India?
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=4-4 Page 1. Practice of dowry was absent in rural
no 202 communities.
Statement 2 is correct: 2. Remarriage was considered legitimate both
• The panchayat played a crucial role in preserving caste among divorced and widowed women.
boundaries among the village's various communities. 3. Women were excluded from the right to have
22
Page
• In eastern India, all marriages occurred in the property amongst the landed gentry.
presence of the mandal, with the village headman Select the correct answer using the code given
overseeing community members' conduct, below:
primarily to prevent any caste-related offences.
(a) 1 and 2 only
• Panchayats possessed the authority to impose fines
(b) 2 only
and more severe punishments, including temporary
expulsion from the community. This step made the (c) 3 only
person an outcaste, resulting in the loss of their (d) 1 and 3 only
www.ksgindia.com
Answer: B
Explanation: 48. With reference to Ain-i-Akbari, consider the
Men tilled and ploughed, while women sowed, following statements:
weeded, threshed and winnowed the harvest. 1. It was part of Akbarnama.
Menstruating women, for instance, were not allowed 2. It was organised as a collection of imperial
to touch the plough or the potter’s wheel in western regulations and a gazetteer of the empire.
India, or enter the groves where betel-leaves (paan)
3. It was completed by Abul Fazal during the
were grown in Bengal. Artisanal tasks such as spinning
yarn, sifting and kneading clay for pottery, and lifetime of Akbar itself.
embroidery were among the many aspects of Which of the statements given above are correct?
production dependent on female labour. (a) 1 and 2 only
There was high mortality rates among women because of (b) 2 and 3 only
malnutrition, frequent pregnancies and death during (c) 1 and 3 only
childbirth. It often resulted in a shortage of wives. This led (d) 1, 2 and 3
to development of social customs in peasant and artisan
Answer: D
communities that were distinct from those prevalent
Explanation:
among elite groups.
Statement 1 and 3 are correct: The Ain-i Akbari was the
Marriages in many rural communities required the
part of a large historical, administrative project of
payment of bride-price rather than dowry to the
bride’s family. classification undertaken by Abu’l Fazl at the order of
Emperor Akbar (1556-1605- Reign of Akbar). It was
Statement 1 is incorrect
completed in 1598. These historical works are called
Remarriage was considered legitimate both among
AkbarNama which comprises three books.
divorced and widowed women.
Statement 2 is correct: The first two provided a historical
statement 2 is correct
narrative. The Ain-i Akbari, the third book, was
According to established social norms, the household was
organised as a collection of imperial regulations and a
headed by a male. In Western India – Rajasthan, Gujarat
gazetteer of the empire. The Ain gives detailed accounts
and Maharashtra – record petitions sent by women to the
of the organisation of the court, administration and army,
village panchayat, seeking redress and justice.
the sources of revenue and the physical layout of the
While male infidelity was not always punished, the state provinces of Akbar’s empire and the literary, cultural and
and “superior” caste groups did intervene when it came to religious traditions of the people.
ensuring that the family was adequately provided for. In
It provides description of the various departments of
most cases when women petitioned to the panchayat, their
Akbar’s government and provinces (subas) of the empire,
names were excluded from the record: the petitioner was
the Ain gives us intricate quantitative information of those
referred to as the mother, sister or wife of the male head
provinces. Collecting and compiling this information
of the household.
systematically was an important imperial exercise. It
Amongst the landed gentry, women had the right to informed the emperor about the varied and diverse
inherit property. (statement 3 is incorrect) customs and practices prevailing across his extensive
Instances from the Punjab show that women, including
widows, actively participated in the rural land market as
territories. The Ain is therefore a mine of information for 23
us about the Mughal Empire during Akbar’s reign. It is
Page
sellers of property inherited by them. Hindu and Muslim important, however, to keep in mind that this is a view of
women inherited zamindaris which they were free to sell the regions from the centre, a view of society from its apex.
or mortgage. Women zamindars were known in Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=4-4 Page
eighteenth-century Bengal. In fact, one of the biggest and no 217-218
most famous of the eighteenth-century zamindaris, that of
Rajshahi, had a woman at the helm.
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lehs2=4-4 page no 206-
207
www.ksgindia.com
49. Which one of the following statements is correct Source: Old NCERT Satish Chandra page no-120
with respect to government and administration in Option (d) is incorrect:
Delhi sultanate? The diwan- i-risalat dealt with religious matters, pious
(a) Turkish Sultans considered Abbasid Caliphs as foundations and stipends to deserving scholars and men
the legal ruler of their domains. of piety. It was presided over by the chief sadr, who was
(b) Mohammad bin Tughlaq exempted Ulemas generally a leading qazi. He was generally also the chief
from harsh punishments. qazi. The chief qazi was the head of the department of
(c) Ariz-i-Mumalik was the head of the military justice. Qazis were appointed in various parts of the
department. empire, particularly in those places where there was a
(d) The Quazis dispensed civil law based on sharia sizable Muslim population. The qazis dispensed civil law
to both Hindus and Muslims. based on the Muslim law (sharia). The Hindus were
governed by their own personal laws which were
Answer: C
dispensed by panchayats in the villages, and by the
Explanation: leaders of the various castes in the cities.
Option (a) is incorrect:
The diwali-i-insha dealt with state correspondence. All
Turkish sultans in India declared themselves 'lieutenant of the correspondence, formal or confidential, between the
the faithful’, i.e., of the Abbasid caliph at Baghdad and ruler and the sovereigns of other states, and with his
included his name in the khutba in the Friday prayers but subordinate officials was dealt with by this department.
it did not mean that the caliph became the legal ruler.
Source: Old NCERT Satish Chandra page no-121
The caliph had only a moral position. By proclaiming his
supreme position, the sultans at Delhi were only
proclaiming that they were a part of the Islamic world. 50. Regarding the taxation system of Krishna Deva, the
ruler of Vijayanagar, consider the following
Source: Old NCERT Satish Chandra page no-118
statements:
1. The tax rate on land was fixed depending on
Option (b) is incorrect:
the quality of the land.
The sultan’s office was the most important in the Sultanate
2. Private owners of workshops paid an industry
and supreme political, military and even legal authority,
tax.
was vested in him. He was also responsible for the
maintenance of law and justice. The dispensation of justice Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
was regarded as a very important function of any ruler. (a) 1 only
Balban dispensed justice, not sparing even his relations or (b) 2 only
high officers of state. Muhammad Tughlaq applied this (c) Both 1 and 2
even to the religious classes ulemas who had (d) Neither 1 nor 2
previously been exempted from harsh punishments.
Answer: C
Source: Old NCERT Satish Chandra page no-118 Explanation :
Option (c) is correct:
Vijayanagara rulers followed an oppressive taxation policy.
Diwan-i- Arz was the military department. The head of The prosperity of the empire can be explained through
this department was called the Ariz-i- Mumalik. The
Ariz was not the commander-in-chief of the army, since the
their taxation principles in the following lines. They 24
collected a variety of taxes ranging on the nature of lands.
Page
sultan himself commanded all the armed forces. The
The villages were classified into eight types for tax
special responsibility of the Ariz’s department was to
purposes.
recruit, equip and pay the army. The office of the Ariz was
They were:
an important one under the Seljukids, but in India for the
first time under Balban as a separate department. 1) The brahmadeya villages
Alauddin Khalji, paid close attention to the working of this 2) The devadana villages
department and insisted upon a regular master of the 3) The mathapura villages
armed forces.
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4) The sarvamanya villages Private owners also paid industries taxes. Merchant guilds
5) The kodagi lands were empowered to levy taxes on goods manufactured,
6) Rakta-kodagal lands sold or transported
7) Guttagi lands Source:
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25600/
8) The rest of the villages or lands.
7/07_chapter%202.pdf
The first four types prevailed prior to the Vijayanagar
times.
25
Page
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Amac - 1 (Explanation)

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(c) 1 and 3 only Source: Ancient India by R. S. Sharma/Life in the Gupta

Mehrauli in Delhi has not gathered any rust over the

(a) Only one Answer: A

Statement 3 is correct: Amoghavarsha was one of the matched)

Answer: C defeats of the Rajputs by the Turks?

(d) They initiated a movement of protest Explanation:

39. Arrange the following personalities in the correct

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