Deformable mirrors

Presented by: Rubén E. Montero Franco

1
Outline

• Introduction
• Types
• Applications

Deformable mirrors 2
Outline

• Introduction
• Types
• Applications

Deformable mirrors 3
Where the idea came from

Archimedes’s heat ray concept [Extracted from Wikipedia].

Eidophor projector [Extracted from

Wikipedia].

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Early stages

Deformable mirror [Extracted from Wikipedia].

Jupiter seen with and without adaptive
optics [Extracted from Wikipedia].

Deformable mirrors 5
Outline

• Introduction
• Types
• Applications

Deformable mirrors 6
Requirements

• Number of actuators: determines the number of degrees of freedom

(wavefront inflections) the mirror can correct.
• Actuator pitch: is the distance between actuator centers.
• Actuator stroke: is the maximum possible actuator displacement, typically in
positive or negative excursions from some central null position.
• Influence function: is the characteristic shape corresponding to the mirror
response to the action of a single actuator.
• Actuator coupling: shows how much the movement of one actuator will
displace its neighbours.
• Response time: shows how quickly the mirror will react to the control signal.
• Hysteresis and creep: are nonlinear actuation effects that decrease the
precision of the response of the deformable mirror.

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Stacked array Deformable Mirrors

Stacked array DMs are using

ferroelectrics actuators made
of stacks of individual plates or
disks. The ferroelectrics
material can be either of
piezoelectric or electro strictive
form.

Stacked array DM concept [2].

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Bimorph Deformable Mirrors

Bimorph DMs are based on the transverse piezoelectric effect.

When a control voltage is applied to one electrode it creates locally an electric
field which in turn induces a local transverse elongation in one wafer while the
second one shows a corresponding contraction.

Bimorph DM concept [2].

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MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) DMs

Design of MicroElectroMechanical Systems(MEMS) Deformable mirror [Extracted from Wikipedia].

Deformable Mirrors (DMs) [1].

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Optically addressed DMs

This concept is based on the coupling between a micromachined membrane

DM and a photoconductive substrate. When illuminated, the substrate converts
incoming photons into electrical charges which in tun deflects the thin
membrane thanks to induced electrostatic fields or capacitor effects.

Optically addressed DMs concept [2].

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Outline

• Introduction
• Types
• Applications

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Astronomical applications

Galactic Centre seen with and without AO Exoplanet seen with and without AO [Extracted from ESA].
[Extracted from ESA].

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Retinal imaging

Retina seen with and without AO [Extracted from ESA].

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Biological Microscopy

Cell seen with and without AO [Extracted from

École Polytechnique].
Tissue seen with and without AO
[Extracted from École Polytechnique].

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References
[1] Bifano, T. MEMS deformable mirrors. Nature Photon 5, 21–23 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2010.297
[2] P.-Y. Madec "Overview of deformable mirror technologies for adaptive optics and astronomy", Proc.
SPIE 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III, 844705 (13 September 2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.924892
[3] Thomas Bifano "Shaping light: MOEMS deformable mirrors for microscopes and telescopes", Proc.
SPIE 7595, MEMS Adaptive Optics IV, 759502 (18 February 2010); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.848221

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