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    Science GE scoring very important

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    Science GE scoring very important

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf
    14 views27 pages

    PDF6427368764 Invert

    Uploaded by

    Anisha Kamat
    Science GE scoring very important

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf
    of 27
    Some important terminology @ Ente sciedific é decile process Used fx isolabion Mohs From Hs ore 15 Knovn “an mukalluyg Ore : Mineral from which metal can be extracted profitably. Minerals ; Metal containing compound obtained by mining Fram earth Gut) Allores are water insoluble 4 B Generally nitrates do not form ores as they are water soluble. Mate! Matera (yas Cup 397° x ote Vv Aloe cae rurevel ut ll numa a Wat Ove Gangue/Matrix : Impurities associated with ore particles. SOTO aia V Na mit o.- dkay @ 31d, cicos BL f selon ia Flux : Chemical substance added to remove impurities. @ (i) Acidic flux - Used for basic impurities. eB) EX: SiO, ic impurities. / 6) (ii) Basig flux - Used for aci Ex. : CaO, FeO Slag : Flux + impuritie: aes sib Use : It prevents further oxidation of PEER VA Sh (cats) roperty : Density 1, M.P. 1 as compared to metals. Property : Density ip fe % Aci sg (i) Pyro Metallurgy ae - Heating effect is used. (ii) Hydro Metallurgy a - Solvent is used. eS (iii) Electro metallurgy 4 - Electrolysis is used. nn NTN) ENT BAIC AlO,(OH). where 0 dlomife i Chute ore ony > Finstn [co GH © S.N. Alloy Composition Uses 1, Alnico Al, Ni, Co, Steel Permanent magnets 2. Solder Pb, Sn Soldering gp Brass Cu, Zn Utensils 4, Bronze Cu, Sn Utensils, coins, statues 5. German silver Cu, Zn, Ni Flower vases and ornaments 6. Gun metal Cu, Zn, Sn Ts Mischmetall Lanthanoid metal, Fe, Traces of $,C, Caand Al. (sg-2) Cwushuove Cm ore ——> MO —> M —3 (repos) (fuss) Gareecheion a | ee Ree Ute @ 1. Gravity separation 2. Magnetic separation 3. Froth Flotation Method 4. Leaching (chanel, process) fan 8 eh eC alas / lu ruth Hedane @ i 1, Gravity separation h aUictlashng x Based on obfference In Spectric if des) i ey { ore paaticles 4 impunttis Lovgahhee * qe Used Foy Oxide yes 2s Magnetic separation ¥ Based on di ference | q Magnehic Certs ore & [mpuniien €K2 aul = fet yhy + £103, Say + by Ht, chamieot jaa es wna Haye bon May & ng Mage a <= 3. Froth Flotation Method % Gen Used For. Sulphide ores + Based on dyfferat adssrphon Proper > sulphide ores & Vepua Side, ae hy by Gi sey i. get ol twabtr Fann ops + Fay tales qe (octet) Calecor Ex Sodium cud Xow ® Qis 0CSNa a? : OSS nar In wi ial @ 1 enhance van atoll Hore pai asta ul ~ fine ole fag apt + Coleco fre Stolaligts 5 Ankit goat Hoo fo Sean tao bf Sab oA, @ @ by changing uso ( elude ouytuse Oy vg & NotN, KCN > M0 6) i se an Comacl prc” Z05+4 WH SI (say fe) Partial Roasting : Cys S PbS @ Fei Haga Prabhat Cugs+ =e Cuy0 + S0gt (Resting ) (xcs) Aiinded : aay Lac fois + Gyo wan Cu) + Sty 1, [at i : T eduction eA ih Cope tap 4) sd «ef eh pac % Step ee oxide Reduction 1 2 3. 4, Carbon reduction Self reduction Thermal reduction Electrolytic reduction Hydro metallurgical reduction Goldschmidt alumino thermite reduction 1, Carbon reduction * RA. C/CO * Oxides of following metal can be reduced by C reduction. Gr Se. Fe Sn Pb Zn Filey Sul Praby Jor mec! 44 9 8 me Cr a CO, frail 0 yO Pc mice (ate) 1. Carbon reduction.“ 2. Self reduction 3. Thermal reduction Electrolytic reduction Hydro metallurgical reduction ay Goldschmidt alumino thermite reduction % 2. Self reduction Cus —HgS PbS Ky, typ Prabhas (a. poked Rn) 3. Thermal reduction ®@ divect eating is Used to Aeduce oe ¢ ks fewtive molels Uke fy Mg ek. Hyp Gyh ies % 4. Goldschmidt alumino thermite reduction @ . Reducing agent = Aluminium ¢ . lito =620,) (2) Wig L * Usedforoxidesof Cr Mn fe bt oe Oe & se Hhoyme) — fo, + Fe + Heat (wap Pats cl “wp we 1s Used uate sly Res tuk: - 5. Hydro metallurgical reduction @ Ex. 1- Mac. Arthur forest cyanide process ve Ex. 2-Cu from low grade Cu ore XK Acid Leachyvy, ae Ww qide __oy 4 Cy Ove Bacterial leach fe, Scrape Held f ee Reaction Po Y 0 Ky palee) de 6. Electrolytic reduction @ * Molten salt electrolysis is used for highly reactive metals like s-block and Al. Electrolytic reduction for Al. (Hall Heroult process) AYvs Al mpuae) art val OF Cathoda-» APL Allimpac) ee oul de + elechol i ne EGS I @ Coydite. §—— Fhaavs iy 0 h ve wd Alb Fa tse Carduchuty % At Cathode : 4M Gy) aie ote 3 Co/co, Anode get decayed due to formation of CO & CO,, So it should be changed after regular intervals. Gab gy, Onset \ al & pe 1. Liquation eM . Mogae 2. Distillation » Cupellation Polling Zone refining Vapour phase refining Electrolytic refining/ A od Chromatographic methods 1, Liquation 2. Distillation @ Used when Used when M.P. of metal < M.P. of impurities B.P. of metal < B.P. of impurities UsedforSb Sn Pb a, ne UsedforZn Cd Hg Sat, Et Pally Py ae anhee Uquia — dake B P Low du tu ) i t dl Gokatins weak Molla Bin 3. Cupellation Used when metal has less affinity towardsonygen > Removal of lead impurity from (Pb) Ag & Au. 5. Zone refining 4, Polling @ ~ Used when metal contains ——————— impurities ofits own oxides. Used for Cu Sn Pb apteen wand Stick Is used whith ao ad RA >% Based on the principle that the impurities are more soluble in the molte state than in the solid state of metal. Usedfor Si Ge B Ga oS fo In % Vsed to pi Semmu Condyctors @ High poaity Metals 6. Vapour phase refining @ Requirements . The metal should form volatile compound with reagent. . The volatile compound should be easily decomposable, so that the recovery of metal is easy. timp apn Kees ae Non Non | Worle we Wy pet (A) Mond’s process @ (*)Reagent -» co” Nitiop £0_, Neo), 2 5 Ni + COT Used for Ni (vail (B) Van Arkel Method Reagent >|, (x) 2+ Img Ty. Zly 4, at a,f ele Usedfor Ti Zr % 7. Electrolytic refining @ Used to obtain ultra pure mee Can be used for all metals but generally used for Al, Zn, Sn, Cu, Ag, Au Pectroytic refining Copper Anode - Impure metal “v Cathode ~ Pure metal vv Electrolyte - Soluble salt of metal Cuddy IM Cor sol. thud Cu Mhinis : an & ( oh ri) (BH ny ie sb, 2 i AL Anods (oxidation ) @ Gert At Cathode edachn) at Cu 8. Chromatographic methods @ * Based on different adsorption rate of different components present in a mixture to be refined. . It is used when minute quantity of sample is available and impurities are not CO Oecd very different in chemical properties from the element to be purified. Sarple <—{AtB+G—_ 9 (Mle pha) Pa ods is AD BYE Aaschoed capes) €1> Sily Al Tacs ® @ 0 x 0 : a \ \yoom AG= OU- TOS stanly 22 ei EA: A Og= -AST +44 Ae Lae F Ve MK+C : ! 1 Me = | AS Ti Skye 4 Ep = =A Uh dg ie ass shpe -¥t ie Me 89 T. ee ye 25-¥e slope + (84 ) ay" ome wipe Se Sift Gauie) wafols paeet on Loe Lines in ED e » & good RA (Con Roduce MO Me Ariane or i upper Line 4 sil + Ml v— MO + wl rT A yall = AG sidan te AG pedilction | f MMO la = -yn +10 1 Mo tt Sou lw spond process Tiudify gaghs A, &C @ for Given Reaction Ang qve AS+Ve 0 Gt ),04— CQ.) Slope ve (1 ) ee ® Cot bos 36) byg ve AS-Ve shee +e cw) T 6G Yer C% pny? dszo ) e 1 QL Tdecfy graphs OO OO © @ for Zn, Mg,Cu, 4g, Al eee eas Se was G3 Can Al Ade Mgo! yes op ® ? M4 Con C Jae hgh fomp gs Ga CO Jade Z90 7 Never Qo Gn C Adu Cup ? yo vty ta Important points * Metals present on lower lines in ED are more reactive and good reducing agents. ~ * Value of slope in ED is -AS. / KeghT Zora. * Carbon is good reducing agent in lower part of blast furnace, while CO is good reducing agent in Lipper rt, ED can also be platted for metal sulphide and metal halides. + A,G° of metal sulphide cannot overcome by A,G° of CS, & H,S. It is provide thermodynamic information only-net -kineti MSF Hs Mic > Mt & (net UA Mo tM + Og agh for Next 4 Quo ® Ore used - CuFeS, Copper pyrites or chalcopyrite step |(A) Spee ia pees Step | (B) - Roasting with|smelting Ls Mah | 4 Mele [2 Reverbevatory Fuynece) Cutes, +0, 2 pastrel fe 0, Fed+ Sid — FeSils Banc oa avi flay Slag Cu,S + FeS Ape Matte)-Carried out into bessemer converter (siO, lined lined) Cus + FeS—> cuss {Fet/+ 50, Hie sal) stole ee ‘ ‘ny a fe5ils CuS + 0, —+Cu,0+ SO, (Partial Roasting) ®@ (Gxcess) (Limited) WoAr Cu,S + Cu,0—4,> Cu_+SO, (Self Reduction) Impurecu ( Revaiva) ae ce Step(Il) - Refining 7 Electrolytic Refining - Anode Impure Cu ~ Cathode Pure Cu —Electrolyte CuSO, - Anode Mud - Less Basic Impurities like Ag/Au Individual Metallurgy of Iron @ Cor ts eur) are NL OL La Pu Cad + Si¥y 3 GSi03 | J (lag ) Crocs Acid iat ae | oe Suri flux Pea aS) Flux. (0.4) Calg T + a wrought Lon . Reverberadoty Ranae uh CBS, “} Ss P+ Fels — PO + fe on Paty GO > Ces(PO) gag) Aid Pane — four

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