he reader gain acc ate with the write through the libra , ry. Several of the examples in this guide come from one of th s ne of thes : ee ‘Association offers some guidance and examples at http://iwww. eee ‘The ‘ enter, on the first floor of Carlson, als offers help fo students who are writing ‘papers. This guide o summarizes a few main points regarding APA style. For full information, please consultthe bye AP, below. and Reserves at Carlson Library) BE 76.7 P83 2001 REF (available in Reference ‘chological Association (5" ed.) by The American Publication Manual of the American Psy’ Psychological Association. BE 76.7 833 2007 REF (available in Reference or at httpu/iutmost _cl,utoledo.eduirecord=b2574984) ances by The American Psychological Association: “APA Style Guide to Electronic Refere » TO USE FOOTNOTES AT THE BOTTOM OF ‘THE PAGE? 7 motes at the bottom of the mee 4 WHEN USING APA STYLE, DO I NEED ou eliminate the need to use foot nd-oF paper references list should give readet= enelai itations in the text, ‘The citations in you No, by inserting reference ci oat the end of your paper information to locate each source the style preferred by your ctor or advisor fo ation/Reference Desk for style your instru ryles!_ Inquire at the Inform gested that you consult with consistent and do not mix s le at Carlson Library NOTE: Itis sug: department, Be manuals availabl. EXAMPLES OF REFERENCE CIT. PA STYLE ‘ATIONS I ication in parentheses. ext, follow it with year of publi 1, If author's name occurs in the f Example: Piaget (1979) compared reaction times... 2. Tf author's name is not in the text, insert last name, comma, year in parenthesis. a recent study of reaction times (Piaget, 1978)... Example: InHunt (1974, pp. 25-69) confirms the hypothesis: > PP. mnfirms the : 2 fr (Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1) Tf a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in the wutho. ays ci . i ; oe y vars in the text, Examples: Piaget and Smith (1972) recognize. Finberg and Skipp (1973, pp. 37-52) discuss. names of the authors j eanerean( es 2 ee ors joined by an ampersand (&), and the year separated from the authors by a Examples: to organize accumulated knowledge and order sequences of operations (Piaget & Smith, 1973) to organize accumulated knowledge and order sequences of operations (Piaget & Smith,1973, p. 410) cite all authors the first time the Ifa work has more than two authors (but fewer than six), and the year in subsequent citations reference occurs; include the last name followed by "et al of the same reference. Example: First occurrence: Williams, French and Joseph (1962) found. Subsequent citations Williams et al. (1962) recommended. 1y enclosing it in parentheses. Include author, Cite the source of direct quotations b ‘ ding to where the quotation falls. Quotations: differs accor year, and page number. Punctuation the middle of a sentence, end the passage with quotation mani; cite d passage is in , Se \e the sentence. the source in parentheses immediately, and continu rienced writers are unsure al ed a sentence" (Shaughnessy, id use. out "the actual boundaries of the grammatical Example: Bee eel 1977, p. 24) or about which form of abs punetuation they shoulTf citing a work discussed in a secondary source, name the origi the secondary source, The reference list should contain the secondary primary source. Example: __Seidenberg and McClelland’s study (as cited in Coltheart, Haller, 1993) THE REFERENCE LIST APA style suggests using a reference list for references cited in the text of a paper rather than a reference list includes only those references which were actually cited in the text of one's paper. total agreement between the two. (See an example of a reference list on the last page). A bibli all literature consulted which was "immediately relevant" to the research process, even though the not cited in the text of one's paper. When compiling a reference list one needs to pay particular attention to the following: 1) sequence; 2) 7 punctuation and spacing; 3) capitalization; and 4) underlining < List ES IN THE REFERE. ORDER OF REFERE) It Arrange entries in alphabetical order by surname of the first author. 2) _ Single-author entries precede multiple-author entries beginning with the same surname: Kaufman, J. R. (1981). Kaufman, J. R., & Cochran, D. C, (1978). 's are Arrang me first author and different second or third author: alphabetically by the surname of the second author, and so on: “* eran JR, Jones, K., & Cochran, D. F, (1982). Kaufman, J. R., & Wong, D. F, (1978), 3) References with the sai| One author: Castle, E. B. (1970). The teacher. London: Oxford University Press, Two authors: McCandless, B. R., Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press, Three or more authors: (list each author) 2 PR, £ Burke, D. (1976), dlematives ty el an 10 choose. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa, Education ial Foundation, Society, association, or institution as author and publisher: American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Grd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Author. Editor or compiler as author: Rich, J. M. (Ed). (1972). Readings in the philosophy of education (2nd ed.), Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Chapter, essay, or article by one author in a book or encyclopedia edited by another: Medley, D. M. (1983). Teacher effectiveness. In H. B, Mitzel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational research (Vol. 4, pp. 1894-1903). New York: The Free Press. OURNAL ARTICLES: One author: and Communication, 36(4), 404-413. Two authors:Poverty. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED183687) ERIC paper presented at a meeting: Whipple, W. S. (1977, January). Changing attitude through behavior modification P UDIOVISUAL MEDIA AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: tis category includes the following types of non-book materials: Audiorecord Flashcard Motion picture Videorecording Slide Chart Game Picture Transparency Realia bliographic/teference format for these non-print materials is as follows: hor's name (inverted.----Author's function, i.e., Producer, Director, Speaker, etc. in parentheses lication in parentheses----Title. E ‘it se a number after a medium for identification or retrieval purposes, use parentheses instead of diorecord No. 4321 lace of publication: Publisher.Internet article based on a Print source (exact duplicate) with DOI assigned: Stultz, J. (2006). Integrating exposure therapy and anal Iyte therapy in trauma treatment. ), 482-488, doi:10.1037/0002-9432- d: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 76(4) Article in an Internet only journal with no DOL assigne Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. 8. (2006), Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate perceived early parent: rnal of Applied Psychology, -edu.aw/index. php/ejaplarticle/view/71/100_ electronic version available by search: Botha, T. (1999, February 21). The Statue of Liberty, al love and adult happiness, E-Jour 38-48. Retrieved from http:/ojs.lib.sw Daily newspaper article, Central Park and me. The New York Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com Webpage: Raymon H. Mulford Library, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus. (2008), Instructions to authors in the health sciences, Retrieved June 17, 2008, trom hitp://mulford.mco.edwinstr/ Annual report: Pearson PLC. (2005). Reading allowed: Annual review and summary financial stateme Retrieved from http;Communication, 36(4), 404-413, Maas, J.B. (Producer), & Gluck, D. H. Director). (1979), Deeper in hypnosis [Motion Picture]. En Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Mandel, B. J. (1978). Losing one’s mind: Learning to write and edit College Composition and 29, 263-268, Medley, D. M. (1982). Teacher effectiveness. In H. E, Mitzel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational research 4, pp. 1894-1903). New York: The Free Press, Raymon H. Mulford Library, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus, (2008), Instructions to aul mn the health sciences, Retrieved June 17, 2008, from http://mulford.meo.edu/instr/ Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived eat parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Rettieved from hittp://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index. php/ejap/article/view/71/100