Pearson

Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 16: Computing Research Project
(Pearson Set)
Research Project Proposal

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

General Guidelines

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9. If you are caught plagiarizing you could have your grade reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you
could be excluded from the course.

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely, to use another’s work and to
present it as my own without attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand
what it means to copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of the
assignments for this program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will be
my own, and where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the
correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding
agreement between myself and Edexcel UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is
not attached to the attached.

Student’s Signature: Date:

(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title

Assessor Internal Verifier

Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)
Unit(s)

Assignment title The environmental impact of digital transformation

W.P.M.Sampath Dananjaya Wijesundara

Student’s name
List which assessment criteria Pass Merit Distinction
the Assessor has awarded.

INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match
those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N
Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded
justified by the assessor’s comments on the
Y/N
student work?
Has the work been assessed
Y/N
accurately?
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:
Y/N
• Constructive?
• Linked to relevant assessment Y/N
criteria?

• Identifying opportunities for Y/N

improved performance?
Y/N
• Agreeing actions?
Does the assessment decision need
Y/N
amending?

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature (if
Date
required)

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

 Confirm action completed
Remedial action
taken

Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal
Date
Verifier
Programme Leader
Date
signature (if

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

 Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID W.P.M.Sampath Dananjaya Wijesundara

Unit Title Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)

Assignment Number 01 Assessor

Date Received 1st
Submission Date
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:

LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process

Pass, Merit & Distinction

P1 P2 M1 D1
Descripts

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor signature Date

Student signature Date

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number W.P.M.Sampath Dananjaya Wijesundara

Unit Number and Title Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)

Academic Year

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:
Research Project Proposal

 The submission is in the form of an individual written report.

 This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12.
 You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all
work must be supported with research.
 Please provide in-text citation and the referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
 The recommended word limit is minimum 2000 words.

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1. Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process .

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

The environmental impact of digital transformation

The amount of data created and stored globally is expected to reach 175 Petabytes by 2025, a six-fold
increase from 2018. This will demand additional hardware and power consumption, which; in turn, will
increase the environmental impact of the digital sector and there is already increasing attention on the
environmental footprint of ICT equipment and services as they become more widespread in all aspects of
human life. It is the responsibility of everyone to take action in addressing the challenges of climate
change, as professionals we must also seek ways that the digital sector can play its part. While digital
technologies are one of the sectors that has achieved greater efficiency; achieving about 100 times more
computation power from the same amount of energy per decade, it remains unsustainable. The sector
must continue to seek ways in which it can continue to support and drive innovation, while addressing the
global climate emergency for a greener and fairer future.

Choosing a research objective/question

Students are to choose their own research topic for this unit. Strong research projects are those with clear,
well focused and defined objectives. A central skill in selecting a research objective is the ability to select a
suitable and focused research objective. One of the best ways to do this is to put it in the form of a
question. The range of topics discussed could cover the following:

 The use of modern methods to reduce carbon emissions in IT network systems.

 The impact of cloud data centers on the environment.

 The environmental implications of e-waste and ways to reduce it.

Produce a Research Proposal covering the following areas.

1. A clear definition of research problem or question. (This can be stated as a research question,
objectives or hypothesis)
2. Provide a literature review giving the background and conceptualization of the proposed area
of study. (This would provide existing knowledge and benchmarks by which the data can be
judged)
3. Examine and critically evaluate the research methods and processes available for primary and
secondary research. Select the suitable research process and methodologies for the chosen
research project based on the theoretical/ philosophical frameworks. Provide a strong

W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

 justification for your selections with valid reasons.
Note: The research proposal should be approved by your tutor/ supervisor

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

Research Proposal Form
Student Name W.P.M.Sampath Dananjaya Wijesundara
Student number 00169432 Date

Centre Name
Unit Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)
Tutor
Proposed title

Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities

Title or working title of research project (in the form of a question, objective or hypothesis):
Research project objectives (e.g. what is the question you want to answer? What do you want to
learn how to do? What do you want to find out?): Introduction, Objective, Sub Objective(s),
Research Questions and/or Hypothesis
The environmental impact of digital transformation
The main objectives and responsibilities listed out in the research are,

The main objective of the research is to identify the impact of digital transformation on the
environment.
To identify the main competencies that are required for the digital transformation of
businesses that are needed for integrating environmental sustainability.
To determine which emerging technologies, such as AI, big data analysis, IoT, and
blockchain, could be used to solve environmental problems.

Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project

Reasons for choosing the project (e.g. links to other subjects you are studying, personal interest,
future plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the topic is important): Motivation,
Research gap
The main reason for selecting this research topic is to identify how the digital
transformation has impacted the current environment. This research will help me as well as
the students who refer to this in the future to have an understanding of how has digital
transformation revolved around the time from the past.
Moreover, I selected the secondary method to analyze because I’d like to find out what past
authors and researchers say about the impact of digital transformation on the environment.

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

Section Three: Literature Sources Searched
Use of key literature sources to support your objective, Sub Objective, research question, and/or
hypothesis: Can include the Conceptual Framework
The literature sources searched for the research are mainly based on the previously studied
research on the topic. The journals and articles I selected for the review of the literature for
this research are;

Science Direct
Research gate
Diva portal
Google Scholar
MDPI etc.

The conceptual framework which I presented for my research to show the impact between
the dependent and independent variables is as follows;

Technological innovations

Impact of digital
Dynamic capability transformation on the
environment

Environmental perceptions

Section Four: Activities and timescales

Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g. research, development, analysis of
ideas, writing, data collection, numerical analysis, tutor meetings, production of final outcome,
evaluation, writing the report) and How long this will take:
Milestone Propose completion date
Research proposal completion 01st of Oct 2023

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

 Research thesis introduction
Collecting the literature review
Method of analyzing the data
Data analysis
Conclusion
Finalizing the thesis

Section Five: Research approach and methodologies

Type of research approach and methodologies you are likely to use, and reasons for your choice:
What your areas of research will cover: Research Onion; Sample Strategy/Method; Sample Size

Research philosophy: Interpretivists philosophy

Research approach: Inductive research strategy
Research method: secondary research method
Research strategy: Quantitative method
Research timeline: cross-sectional timeline
Research sampling strategy: Convenience sampling strategy

Comments and agreement from tutor

Comments (optional):

I confirm that the project is not work that has been or will be submitted for another qualification
and is appropriate.

Agreed Yes No Name Date

Comments and agreement from project proposal checker (if applicable)

Comments (optional):

I confirm that the project is appropriate.

Agreed Yes No Name Date

Research Ethics Approval Form
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data collected
from human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing their research.
Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if incomplete.

Section 1: Basic Details

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

Project title: The environmental impact of digital transformation
Student name: W.P.M.Sampath Dananjaya Wijesundara
Student ID number: 00169432
Programme: Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND in Computing Software Engineering
School: School of C
Intended research start date: 11.09.2023
Intended research end date: 27.09.2023
Section 2: Project Summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of your project
 Interviews:

 Questionnaires:

 Observations:

 Use of Personal Records:

 Data Analysis:

 Action Research:

 Focus Groups:

 Other (please specify):

 Thematic analysis ✘

 Literature review analysis ✘ ...........................................................

Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?
No
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Age 12-16 Young People aged 17–18 Adults
How will participants be recruited (identified and approached)?

I’m planning to do secondary research

Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:

Studies involving questionnaires:

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

Will participants be given the option of omitting questions they do not wish to answer?

Yes No
If “NO” please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this.

Studies involving observation:

Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be observed.

Yes No
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e. give them a brief explanation of
the study)?

Yes No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study? (This could be a brief
summary of your findings in general)

Yes No

Section 4: Data Storage and Security

Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data Protection
Act (1998)
Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?

During the research:

Where will the data be stored?

Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used?

Yes No
If “YES”, please provide further details:

After the research:

Where will the data be stored?

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?

Will data be kept for use by other researchers?

Yes No
If “YES”, please provide further details:

Section 5: Ethical Issues

Are there any particular features of your proposed work which may raise ethical concerns? If so,
please outline how you will deal with these:

Section 6: Declaration

I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy:

Yes ✘ No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:

Yes ✘ No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:

The above information is correct and this is a full description of the ethical issues that may arise in
the course of my research.

Name: W.P.M.Sampath Dananjaya Wijesundara

Date: 04.10.2023

Please submit your completed form to the ESOFT Learning Management System (ELMS)

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

 THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

The Environmental Impact of Digital Transformation

By

W.P.M.Sampath Dananjaya Wijesundara

00169432

Research Proposal Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the

COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT MODULE OF
PEARSON’S HND IN COMPUTING SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING PROGRAMME
at the
ESOFT METRO CAMPUS

Name of research Tutor: <Tutor’s Name>

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor (name) for

completing this assignment. I rely on his guidance and advice during the drafting of the
thesis. I would also like to thank my friends who supported me in making my defense an
enjoyable experience and for their insightful criticism and suggestions.

Thank you for your patience and forbearance from the entire family during this research and
writing process, it is greatly appreciated. Your prayers for you are the only thing that keeps
me going.

Finally, I thank God for supporting me in everything I have been through. Your guidance
has been there for me every step of the way. I was able to finish college because of you. I
will continue to believe in you.

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of digital transformation on the
natural world. The effects of the digital revolution on human existence are expected to be far-
reaching. However, there is a shortage of overviews that trace digital development in the field
of environmental sustainability. This research seeks to fill that gap by investigating the
positive and negative consequences of the digital revolution on environmental sustainability.
Sustainable resource management, pollution avoidance, and waste management are the three
primary areas that these findings shine a light on, all of which are crucial to preserving the
planet. In addition to a review of related literature, this study considers the prospects and
obstacles for future work in this area.

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.............................................................................................................i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................ii
CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................iii
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
1.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................1
1.2. Purpose of research......................................................................................................2
1.3. Significance of the Research.......................................................................................3
1.4. Research objectives.....................................................................................................4
1.5. Research Sub objectives..............................................................................................4
1.6. Research questions......................................................................................................4
1.7. Hypothesis...................................................................................................................4
LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................6
2.1. Literature Review........................................................................................................6
2.1.1 Impact of digital transformation on the dynamic capability of the environment..........7
2.1.2 Impact of digital transformation on the environment perceptions...............................8
2.2. Conceptual Framework................................................................................................9
METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................10
3.1. Research Philosophy.................................................................................................10
3.2. Research Approach....................................................................................................10
3.3. Research Strategy......................................................................................................10
3.4. Research Choice........................................................................................................11
3.5. Time frame................................................................................................................11
3.6. Data collection procedures........................................................................................11
3.6.1 Type of Data................................................................................................................11
3.6.2 Data Collection Method..............................................................................................12
3.6.3 Data Collection and Analysis Tools............................................................................13
3.7. Sampling....................................................................................................................14
3.8 The selection of participants...........................................................................................14
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................15

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Introduction

In the past decades, digital transformation has become the main focus for many researchers
and practitioners. The term "digital transformation" refers to the upheaval caused by the
spread of artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT),
blockchain, and many other technologies. , businesses, and all industries.

Digital transformation illuminates the need to develop an environment, a technological

environment that affects all aspects of human life. Meanwhile, questions arise about the
potential impact of digitization on the natural world. The scientific community is divided on
whether digital transformation helps or hinders environmental sustainability due to the
complexity of the interaction between the two.

Research focused on comprehensive analysis in this area has produced few results despite the
inextricable link to digital transformation and environmental sustainability. Research shows
that only a small number of review papers have been published. The authors have compiled a
summary of studies that evaluate the ecological impact of digital products. In this study, the
researcher specifically looked at the metrics used by businesses to assess the ecological
footprint of ICT equipment. At the same time, the author conducts a comprehensive literature
review on the impact of ICT on the environment. Research looks at how the integration of
ICT into other products and services affects the environment (Truong, 2022).

The current digitization trend to improve environmental sustainability is another subject of

study. The study looked at nine different examples of countries using new technologies to
adapt to climate change. Technological advances could reduce the effects of global warming
in major cities, he said. Recent research has provided a framework for understanding the
nature and distribution of digital innovation in environmentally friendly practices.

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

The studies mentioned above generally fail to provide comprehensive information on the
impact of digital innovation on nature. The study looked at immediate effects but did not
consider long-term effects. Studies, on the other hand, have looked at secondary outcomes of
ICT use rather than primary ones. Instead, the authors here focus on how digitization affects
climate change mitigation and sustainable development. In contrast, the negative
consequences of digitization have not been addressed (Truong, 2022).

1.2. Purpose of research

The study's goal is to identify how advances in digital technologies have accelerated over the
last two decades in the environmental impacts, resulting in business disruptions, massive
changes in organizational value creation, and strategies, and new challenges and
opportunities for environmental sustainability. The digital transformation era is the result of
the combination of new business models and disruptions in global markets. Even while waste
management systems and sustainable production strategies are receiving more attention from
governments and organizations, environmental sustainability in the modern day remains a
concern. This research looks at the environmental impacts of digitization and how such
changes may be maintained in the modern day.

Environmental sustainability is a broad field that includes several subfields, such as pollution
prevention, eco-friendly manufacturing, green city planning, and trash disposal. Among the
many aspects of digital transformation are big data analytics, AI, the IoT, and cloud
computing. As a consequence, there has been a rise in environmentally harmful byproducts
such as e-waste, pollutants, and novel manufacturing techniques. Therefore, comprehensive
research into the implications of the digital revolution on environmental sustainability is
essential. Keeping the environment safe from pollution and other forms of deterioration is
difficult in the modern digital age, necessitating the flexibility afforded by digital
transformation.

1.3. Significance of the Research

The importance of research lies in defining the problem. Several organizations and businesses
are reliable proponents of environmental sustainability when they decide to incorporate
technology into their operations (Abad-Segura et al., 2020). Organizations adopting new
business models generally recognize the need for company engagement, tasks made easier by
the use of technology such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things,
and social media platforms. By using such technology, there will be better opportunities to

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

generate unique ideas for environmental sustainability. More precisely, technology cannot be
useful on its own. The lack of infrastructure to implement environmental protection measures
will never be sustainable. Organizational capacity should be flexible enough to allow for the
necessary shifts, as determined by a thorough and ongoing analysis of both internal and
external circumstances. The process of enhancing, protecting, unifying, and reconstructing
the tangible and intangible assets of an organization when necessary is an example of a
dynamic capability that explains the capacities of a company to sense and shape existing
threats and opportunities, capture options, and maintain competitiveness. There should be
focused research done from a dynamic perspective on the digital transition. This is owing to
the fact that the skills necessary for digital transformation have not received the requisite
amount of attention in the scholarly literature (Bican & Brem, 2020).

Integration of environmental sustainability into decision-making processes at the strategic

level is another area where the literature falls short. To ensure that more businesses and
organizations can understand the connection and idea of environmental sustainability and
digital transformation, further research is required. Although academics have struggled to
agree on a single definition of "digital transformation," a solid understanding of the
phenomenon is essential for developing the requisite skills. Researchers require a distinct,
comprehensible account of the connection between digital revolution and environmental
sustainability.

The success of an environmental sustainability digital transformation depends on people

understanding the idea and paying attention to the skills necessary for it to work. More study
is needed to fully understand the new interplay between environmental policy sustainability
and digital transformation strategies. Therefore, this research project will be able to realize
ecologically friendly digital transformation if the following research questions are answered.

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

 1.1. Research objectives

The main objective of the research is to identify the impact of digital transformation on the
environment.

1.2. Research Sub objectives

To identify the main competencies that are required for the digital transformation of
businesses that are needed for integrating environmental sustainability

To determine which emerging technologies, such as AI, big data analytics, IoT, and
blockchain, could be used to solve environmental problems.

1.3. Research questions

What is the impact of digital transformation on environmental sustainability?

What are the main competencies that are required for the digital transformation of businesses
that are needed for integrating environmental sustainability?

What are the emerging technologies such as AI, big data analytics, IoT, and blockchain that
could solve the environmental sustainability issues?

1.4. Hypothesis

Impact of digital transformation on the technological innovation of the environment.

H0: There is a positive impact of digital transformation on the technological innovation of the
environment

H1: There is a negative impact of digital transformation on the technological innovation of

the environment

Impact of digital transformation on the dynamic capability of the environment.

H0: There is a positive impact of digital transformation on the technological innovation of the
environment

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

H1: There is a negative impact of digital transformation on the dynamic capability of the
environment

Impact of digital transformation on the environment perceptions.

H0: There is a positive impact of digital transformation on environmental perceptions.

H1: There is a negative impact of digital transformation on environmental perceptions.

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

 LITERATURE REVIEW

1.4. Literature Review

2.1.1 Impact of digital transformation on the technological innovation of the

environment.

Green innovation is the use of novel or better methods, tools, systems, or goods to lessen
environmental impact (Beise, 2005). Another definition of green technological innovation is
"an innovation whose main objective is to mitigate or avoid environmental damage while
protecting the environment and enabling firms to meet new consumer demands, create value,
and increase production" (Albort et.al, 2017). Numerous follow-up studies and extensions of
Schumpeter's innovation theory have developed from its examination of the five types of
innovation (product, technical, market, resource allocation, and organizational structure) that
make up the theory. Green innovation can be subdivided into green product innovation and
green technology innovation in accordance with Schumpeter's theory of innovation (Klassen,
1999). The latter includes any technological adjustment made to the production process that
reduces the amount of wasteful pollution released into the environment. This technological
development may provide companies with additional options for how to organize their
activities, in addition to increasing productivity (Taklo, 2020).

Research on the factors that foster or stifle the development of new environmentally friendly
technologies has focused on both systemic and market-based external elements. From the
standpoint of systemic external factors, for instance, rigorous environmental rules might
motivate corporations to innovate in green technology in order to avoid pollution fines (Bai et
al., 2019). The lack of capital may prevent manufacturing enterprises from investing in green
technology innovation in response to rigorous government environmental rules that increase
the cost of environmental responsibility. Companies' interest in developing green
technologies is proportional to the degree to which the government controls in this area.
Mandatory government regulatory measures and incentive regulatory policies, such as
financial subsidies and green financing, are important drivers in supporting green technology
innovation by firms. Government subsidies, for instance, may assist enterprises in splitting
the higher financial costs and risks associated with technological transformation. External
stakeholders including government assistance, consumer demand, industrial chain partners,
institutional investors, and community participation may encourage businesses to innovate in

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W.P.M.Sampath Computing Research project SEM 3 – Ass. No 1

green technology, according to a market-based perspective on these issues. Organizational
components, such as the green attitude of firm management (Bu et.al, 2020), organizational
competencies, and organizational governance structures (Zhangang, Gao, and Li, 2023), are
significant when examining internal factors that impact green technology innovation.

2.1.2 Impact of digital transformation on the dynamic capability of the environment.

The company's dynamic capabilities are based on its ability to identify and exploit strategic
opportunities and market demands in a changing and uncertain external environment, then
integrate and reorganize internal and external resources to meet those demands and gain a
competitive advantage. According to the theory of dynamic capabilities, green dynamic
capabilities of companies are the ability to update and develop green organizations to
achieve sustainable growth in response to dynamic changes in external market competition.

The growth potential of a manufacturing company greatly affects its green dynamic
capabilities. Learning green dynamics as an advanced ability for businesses to achieve green
growth reflects the self-interested nature of businesses (Zahra et al., 2010), so that they use
available resources and knowledge to update and exploit the capabilities of green
organizations; changes in the business environment (Qiu et.al, 2020). Green dynamic
capabilities are becoming an ever-more-pertinent area of study as a result of the actions and
reactions of businesses as they pursue new market possibilities. By improving their green
dynamic capabilities and working toward sustainable development, businesses may
accomplish green innovation in goods and technology in response to government
environmental legislation and external stakeholder demand.

2.1.3 Impact of digital transformation on the environment perceptions.

The rise of digital technology is shaking up conventional wisdom (Rasiwala and Kohli,
2021). Changes in competitive dynamics and business models are predicted as a result of
digital transformation (Philip and Gavrilova Aguilar, 2022). Monopolies' market power may
be bolstered by digital transformation, according to some research (Soto Setzke et al., 2021)
while inequalities in firm size can be mitigated, according to another (Hu, 2022). Knowledge
flows, technical personnel and board structures are only a few examples of the areas of
emphasis in this article. According to the notion of organizational capabilities, organizations

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can't succeed at their strategic goals without access to and mastery of their external
environments. Information and knowledge may spread more quickly thanks to digital
transformation (Hao and Zhang, 2021). Digital technologies have two main benefits: first,
they make it cheaper to store knowledge and second, they make it easier to transfer analog
information into digital resources in symbolic representations for communication. Existing
investigations on digital transformation sometimes overlook the importance of technical
employees as a driving force of innovation in businesses. Organizational efficiency isn't the
only benefit of being digital, however; digital building also necessitates a highly technical
workforce (Trenerry et al., 2021).

The digital revolution is altering the organizational structure and board diversity of
organizations. Board diversity is one of the most significant variables impacting corporate
sustainability. While digital technologies have the potential to boost 'information
centralization' and public access to information, they also have the potential to create a
culture of gender equality. However, digital technologies might worsen existing gender gaps
in areas like health and risk perception (Kohlrausch and Weber, 2021) and reinforce existing
gender stereotypes (Dragiewicz et al., 2018). There should be a wide range of ages
represented on the board. Some research suggests that younger directors are more attuned to
new technologies and better able to adapt to shifting conditions in the external environment.
However, it should be noted that digital transformation involves unforeseen hazards that may
be addressed by the comparatively deep management expertise and resource linkages net
(Chen, 2011) of senior directors. Considering the impact that the digital revolution, a key
strategy for attaining sustainable development, may have on gender and age equality is vital
since these factors are inextricably linked (Zhang, 2022).

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1.5. Conceptual framework

Technological innovations

Impact of digital
Dynamic capability transformation on the
environment

Environmental perceptions

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 METHODOLOGY

1.6. Research philosophy

Research philosophy refers to a set of principles related to the worldview or perspective from
which research is conducted. Research in this field often uses ontological and epistemological
foundations.

While epistemology concerns itself with the trustworthiness of knowledge and how it may be
acquired, ontology concerns itself with the veracity of information and comprehension of
human life. Both positivism (the notion that knowledge is objective and distinct from the
topic of study) and interpretivism (the view that every observer has a unique viewpoint on the
world) are common in academic research. This means that whereas interpretative studies are
often qualitative, positivist studies tend to be more rigorous and give a test of phenomena.
The qualitative focus of the study led the researchers to choose a descriptive methodology. In
order to see whether my hypothesis, which is based on the aforementioned literature review,
holds water, I will be analyzing the secondary data.

1.7. Research approach

The research onion model emphasizes the need to select a suitable research strategy after the
selection of a suitable research technique. The deductive method begins with the formulation
of a working hypothesis informed by the researchers' prior observations from the literature
review and then proceeds to test this hypothesis to see whether it holds in various settings. On
the other hand, in an inductive study, the researcher utilizes existing data to build a
hypothesis. Since I will be beginning with a hypothesis based on my observations from the
literature study, my methodology is deductive; at the conclusion of the research, I will either
verify or reject the hypothesis.

1.8. Research strategy

After choosing a research methodology, he recommends choosing a research strategy such as

onion research, research, case study, interview, survey, case study, or systematic literature

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review. The purpose of the research and the need for data determine the methodology used.
For my study, I started a method called a systematic literature review.

1.9. Research Choice

Mono-method, mixed-method, and multi-method research is an approach that can be

considered as indicated by onion research. The research uses only one approach, as in mono-
method. When discussing mixed methods, it is common to refer to a combination of
qualitative and quantitative approaches. Finally, the multi-method approach uses many
different methods. Since I have conducted qualitative studies using similar methods, the same
approach will be used here. As a means of obtaining secondary data, I was able to conduct a
thematic analysis of previously published data for this purpose.

1.10. Time frame

Due to the nature of qualitative research, time will be of the essence. Data is gathered from a
large number of participants at one point in time and location in a cross-sectional research. In
cross-sectional studies, data is gathered without any attempt to manipulate the outcomes.

Economists, psychologists, physicians, epidemiologists, and other social scientists all make
use of qualitative research methods. Epidemiologists may utilize a cross-sectional design to
gather and analyze data on the current illness prevalence in a community (Thomas, 2020).

1.11. Data collection procedures

3.6.1 Type of Data

The type of data used for data collection procedures is, secondary data.

The term "secondary data" is used to describe information that is not primary in nature. This
implies the information may be accessed and examined by anybody who wants to see it.
Books, periodicals, newspapers, and other publications are all instances of secondary
sources. It's possible to make or keep information secret.

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There are a number of places you may go to find published data.

 Books by the government

 Open documentation
 Records from the past and relevant data
 Legal paperwork
 Specialist periodicals

Among the unreleased information is.

 Notes Journals
 Previously untold life stories, etc. (BYJU'S, 2022).

3.6.2 Data Collection Method

The method of how the data will be collected is as follows;

Internet resource.

Secondary data might be collected via Internet research. The internet makes it simple to
locate and acquire data. If it has not yet been made, this data can be downloaded for free or
for a nominal fee. Corporations and other organizations may do extensive research with the
help of the Internet. However, businesses should only use reliable resources as part of their
data collection.

Government agencies and non-profits.

Secondary research can benefit from a few select governmental and non-governmental
organizations. Organizations can benefit from the data made available by the Small Business
Development Center, the United States Census Bureau, and the United States Government
Press Office. For a fee, you can access and use the information provided by these groups. The
organization's data is reliable and should be used.

Community resource.

The public library is a great place to look for specific details. Fortunately, copies of these
seminal works are widely available in public libraries. There is a wealth of information and

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notes to glean insight from. Services provided by public libraries range from the specific to
the broad. The library is a great place to find industry-specific government statistical reports,
job directories, and newsletters.

Places of learning.

The second study rarely considers the significance of data collected from schools. However,
more research is done in the academic sector than in any other sector. Primary research is the
primary purpose for which the university collects data. Universities and colleges may be
contacted by businesses and other organizations for information, but (Bhat, 2018).

3.6.3 Data Collection and Analysis Tools

The method used to analyze the data that has been collected is through thematic analysis.
Thematic analysis is a qualitative data analysis method. This term often refers to a
conversation or recording. The researcher observes the data to find recurring themes that are
concepts, ideas, or patterns of interpretation.

The most popular method of thematic analysis consists of the following six steps:
identification, coding, theme generation, theme review, theme naming and definition, and
theme writing. If you follow this procedure, you will not be affected by confirmation bias
when developing your analysis. This method was originally developed by Virginia Brown
and Victoria Clark for use in the field of psychology. Thematic analysis is an adaptable tool
that can be used in a variety of research studies (Caulfield, 2019).

1.1. Sampling

Since I’m following up with qualitative research, the sampling method selected is, the
convenience sampling method. In comparison to other types of sampling, convenience
sampling requires little time or effort on the part of the researcher. Easy and basic go along
nicely most of the time. But you must understand it to know when it is appropriate to use it
and when it is not.

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This is a general method of sampling in scientific research because it eliminates the element
of randomness. This sampling method involves selecting participants who can access the
research. Unlike random sampling, convenience sampling involves selecting respondents
based on how easy it is to interview them. Convenience sampling is sometimes used when
other types of sampling are difficult or impossible to use due to time, cost, or other reasons.
Although this method of data collection has many advantages, such as speed and simplicity, it
has some disadvantages that can compromise the accuracy and usability of the data obtained
from it (Fleetwood, 2018).

3.8 The selection of participants

Since I’m following up with qualitative research and a secondary research method, there are
no participant groups selected for this research.

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