id rest onjective tensor + eva spe lt ri ae oad ci at ota bea nis Tos obese aed one Tas ian pra forme asa peat tie esa fing tc. Teo ps ot fr ae ‘mee bee it scl oti esate ons ingle jc, tes en ii ie tet: ys led inte te ertean yi ‘+ Reyaemet say: Unesdigthe nl itinl e gies the vfareorpem wdett Tine. ‘one tant ts, rc einen sori “fr eva deri se ee oh tg ese ad what ‘True ds asin pe cia paing sd sing elec std esas theese nln alg te wdenaning of es Spe nt econ, ene at te ig owed and poset ing aces ad allot es ming pret documentation, + Roaesmen: ein pvt thing sof Thi ih sage say fos ai avout fin i er Osh epee ay tein ch ese ei se st ng the acs of defining ca n,n an xc ening the seeay tex pe sich os finton 1 Tost coverage plenag soft ie evooance, sect, stil, 19 este conpehesive cove siete nee he et betes ve ee etd, ty hold be doce in thet pln Ts wi lp ens hat eet cee develped and erected ina way tat met te specie loft esting > Hore re sme te banfts often objective enfeation: 4+ Ish to eset the et ere gtd thst ares ft soe 1 eke enue that he tet ces are ete ining fet 1 ithe tomo te tiiney afte esingproese 1 tne to ence tbe sotare mes he reine. > Hore re sore for dettying ts obectves + Sty revenge softwar requests 1 Consider te ks soit wih be sot. + Thnkabouth tt ntonnee 4+ Bee aed menue + Docimerth tet objeivesin ees pla. Hb text Design Factors “est dsien fcr insofar ting refer to the varius considerations and fst Bat tata he sin fe ts de ites Thee factors lp testers crete eee and fet dio ha ent conga coverage fhe software under i and masimize the chances of doting ees. Test deft stare eng tft th cosets and principles tat ue the ection of effective et cues an tt utes Tse fetes el ens tat the sting proces ‘tooogh, effet and tte towards ening eects aad vesping the caress of ‘ota tens Herre soe nora tet desi tein deal Se 1. Tes eet: Tete cj fest pupae of esting ad deems he et and seope ofthe testing effort. Kicudes goals Sich as Sing defects, veg seife fino, aseig perforate, or eosin compliance with espn shoul ag wih ett objectives ena ppripiecove 2 Test coverage + Tet covrge fest he extn to which ec y the es, Rens at leet pet of he inp, euts leno condons, ae sdewutl teste Carh fe a es sal i mai a x aes be os oi: Toe “Tet techniques are systematic aPPOMSH 2 a to eg ate nls es wel 1 dese te ee Dit ic, ch be esing ands easton esi. ty ae cei comoee Tet pa olen rine ese Bed wea ste a egies z Teton prion Tec pinto ties te tin ish ex PEE nan ed ees siya bss ip Tight ot a ich ove tiny ora ly 0086 Secs sede Ter eve halt cme oz 1 ee cea ested vt esa ee intra ie et enon Weleda shu Ove 9 xg tn bee opt td porn atte a Rane pee Kean pee ee seat ma Shoe he pene ce ee pr oa cos oo mi ak ts Se meee a ee ‘rnin refer npn ‘Requirement analysis : Once the requirements are gathered, they need to be analy sy at anya mag ee ‘ee ym tara ng ‘quai rr ay my ta ens se by eto ese ne [eto hematin Th fe pen el ing tan Ths dcr ‘mutes pce, fcionl ication, tae seven on Soma Tespensaoraon a. sangre, Requirement tracey: Rumen echt eh ait osc ink es se bek tthe cif regen thy a intended ali eps ines tal ements acquires ass the cmpletes oft eng eo. By easing ceil, eer cn demonstrate tte soar he been ee sina e ened eguenens, [Requlement vation Race ice inc: confining hat he etd ‘semen sete ree he expectation od ede of he kel. may ioe esis sch as eur ever, alvoagz sede. Vlation ‘emus tar the requreens ae sori, consent ad fle I ao es fa ining any pps oes xy in he develope proce, eng he kof evoke suet to 7. Requiremet change managment: Resemets can change dogo he some elope tye due to ewohing baie ees, euome feds, er ther ‘een fos. sng hes ot egreneet change Range POSS In lace Thi es maitansns Wo sss te input of reguenen anges on tng tot cases pte he ening apach at Rede and cormaniate changes ecw eestag te Request ietfaton a wt igi teal ep 8 frm he bs 0 the tesing eto. By tou nesting ad cnaing he esalement ests can ene te teing ste ae aged wi he deed ncn ad poate of sofware. Ths hes in delieiag «idhqalty pdb tht meets te expecatins of Fakeole andendvces Request Meiosis he poet of earning te ope regent tht & soon rofl mst et This nner ep in sof eighth "he fet aes ae rset cos tear ft nae a a eye ete fg dete “Thee at mero tng ht cane rd route en ison nin + Reviewing the fare requirements: The Sofware Regusenens Docume (SRD) it Aocanent tt dates eco anor fnconl eqns fhe software This ocament shold be view xl ely al of the eguiemets ht ed = + Taling othe saellers +The ser ste he people who wil te wing the seta Taig th kode cnBlp 1 en espe euch rerea my of desing he IME C0NS beeen ig ving we et = UE sh on ca ei the specie requirments that writen a gape ee Sc as Tn el ee Secu ; aan inl ey lin oid cl ee acercamen rarer lvoe ting. a > se ar se th beets tegument ieniation + riopro caaredititet re elle i inking det, + nipste impose iy afte ein poss + testo ese desea mee geen ‘Eby Testabie Requirements Tsubo este cn eed to dete whether they ‘They em inperat p at deen proces a the help 0 so steel tiny nt faa td ety, + Gary The weed at be ute ing Mert Ted “see sa geen Saat dest ind uneibguous. This means thai should te mele. Thien that it sould be eee ere : sate Tang ent crtion “ronan and xvston SteweTeniaerdAsenaion ___a.p ator and ator “esa eqitemens in softwar eng are equa ttcan be alia ad verified ico testing ais. Thee egrets we apc, meal and vesitable, allowing ‘esters o design est aes nd eect to detrei he software system meet the fies citer, Mee ate ome ey characteris of este eget ‘Clear and unambiguous Tesuble regu shuld te writen in clear and ‘srbiguous miner, leaving no room fr inten. The reqienects shuld be cly understandable by all skeolées, nlding tee, developers and Posies: sea Specie and measrable: Tesablerequcemets sl! be specific and meinbl, mening tt they can be objetiely erated against pedtind crea. The requirements Sold rove pce dtl aut wat eds tobe imple ad wat conte sou come ‘Atomic and granular: Tes requcemet shoal be stom and pm, tng a2 one specif fancy ete ane Tai allows fr mar reco ting tod esis tht ech euemen inde teste Nocontradcery :Tesable recone shal be emis snd sonconsndcony. “They shuld nt cof with ach ter or eae ambit tht could nde he testing proces nce of any coals ninco hy sb be ec before extn tags Verfible and obseryable + Tesale regione shoud be veable, mening tat ‘he can be wd objeto deemine eyate atisid The eee sal slo te ober along testes cbse ad este Stem’ Reboot “race Tele openssh te ecrabe mesg tht ey ca Be Eke ack to tie sauce, ach w ties rgurenent, ter trie, or nt speifctons. Tis ety bel nce tall ewan eee hve been ‘isi and ete "Teva aetn vert Tele est fen sin aon vt ec th fenied beter of factory. Thee acon Webs cn ide teers ia Senilog Atpropae tenses ander aceanata ven be expecte beer ‘Teabe acepane rita + Tele RGBEMENS shold Nave clay Seed cmponc etre ht ite te cotos fo comeing egtement met The FRETS Sha pote site sel oder fie ware sem is ‘neces file be eure EA PRIETO a9. Teale emesis and amps: Tess eee chook ensmins or asumpns hn ft te wig oes TRE conse ‘Sms ess nd te nino tunis thin whch 10, Tenby eves iene an esa eviews ig thee miss poe These rio ae clrsion een ees developer, tad ter sales su th ety of UE, et By eaig rites ose te cacti, sae eelpient i «soem fr ce Ining Tete eaten emle etes ‘rated to cs acl eat ees eae ad pie vahbe ev ting: Tate eget fp to eee atthe since they Th tt ec tee Esty dt deci Tea ira eo eect ect ny. Ti i ve ta etd ey ithe devon ami nc en sg, AES te ce a pic + Ghar and cnc wing the ‘ae. Tha ilies tty Sy i i eae + Sem tamn a na sehen hese 1 Tistenmedecmdseenie Mit epee Th ct swe EE Modeling # Test Design Process ‘Moll a est design proses vas rig «systema and std represntaon of se sp and acivies inves i desing tet ens and tet sts. provides vst frenework tt Helps tees andes sd oo a staid ppoach to test des. Moding he est sin proces allows fr ee pling orion wd onemniion of ‘he eng nv wii a poet. Hee a he hey atp inoied in modling wt sin press: ety et objectives : Sut by desing the specie cjctvs and gone of the Yesing efor. Ts imoles unesindig te post of he ting, te sope of the system under test and the deed scones. Tet chjeines can ichde fata ‘ans, perma: axes see eting. or any oe specie rw ses. Cather requirements: Gites te requiem or speicios of te stem to be teste This noes reviewing documentation, sr rs, es a er eleven sources 9 mies the expected fanconlty and behavior ofthe sf, Cla ad eonpehesve regen ae eet for elective tt en. ‘Analye requirements Aza he per egies one ly, consistency tnd fei. Kenfy any ambipiies,coumactons, or mining detail in regutenens and sek elfen fom sakeolie. Regtement aaj bls a eighth ee areas ring st Ss. ‘entity test condns + Base onthe eeutements ety the tt condos or ecm tht neta be coved. Tes eons especie tions er tpt tt ned to bette tenure the oper fnoig of he sofa. Thee can nde posite ‘au mepuve coro band vate cor canons nd plex combines. ‘Set tet ehnigue Choose he pri etc desig est ess a over the Mie tet candinns eet Te tecnqus inde equvaene ‘aon, tony vate an, decal eng, ste ion eign ‘moe Th secon of techn depen on the te of estas the enti eat ‘onion, and te dese coven. Design et ne Desi nce et ets one eee et tecnig a eid wet coins. Test ees specify he ipa expected ups ad any cram pecndices or ponds. Ene tt ex cses ae ce, eos sod ‘adopt fh ober tenable test exeon aitnanes ‘Organs tt eases: Orie edged et ae nto tet eso tds tesed on tie rtd fst of common chee Tet oes ep in ‘ain and exeating tt ues eflcve, ving fr beter at ere td ner TEAL PRD a at yve os rr iB meres fuctionaliles oF aeas tig i rommes ese) el eal ‘ile wt ahr ec softens Oo Reena eine Com Toh ei ay, oe et eens or ato of he ig fm feces, orp fa nt crc acy Coin Yad fg niyo en re Dc it i ees ln he re tc ih te or eon conte ‘Mover alponics Rein pt et dicen ‘tere es ae 18, Dacomeat and tft oan song em ener dbs in Ment and ad porting pach. ‘euch sophie epson ofthe dient et din pes The ser cred by ene, which ‘tte et di pce mv fm ene mate Aras pee wai et dn ial psa fe ep ih pee heii epeient he ee iF iso ue 3 ow cat, A flow sin hee din pce The the sept permed > Thebes mang tection races nc + Tnprved communion Deshler isn ep re comes Tod cane usd to commnict thet ep uur hat xeyooe understands th pe ine ey + Improved teen win tosses Thiscn sp wap > Tha cntenges ot mtg tio eps in the test del os by ing in the 5. * Coa ene ee a een Chom eon eine sommetenngenttiemen _a-g arora etn + Tine: Kesn ok tine cts ede of ee desi pom + Cost: ean beset cata mde oft et ep recess Bi Modetng Test Resuts ‘Moding et ein sofa sing i te pref reting «mae fhe sess. ‘Ths mode Ea be we sna test rss ano ety ends a pate Modeling test ress in sfaetesiag ives capa. asin and vswlizng the comes oft xcs 6 in igh ioe uly, fn ndpvornance of the sofware or yt under pois raced eps of he fet ea, ening ‘ster developers and skal o make iomed dessin ed tke apron actions sed te et seo ‘Thee ae amber offi ny mde et ess, One crane approach iw @ sees A spends can be wed sorte rer no alee vas Saisie, sich he member of eects fd evey of e def and he inet ok fl the Anoier apoich oman es es to wea iis ess oo. Asti ‘sips foo cas be aed oleae mre camp sisi, uth te poabtyof defst. ‘ein foun, he cararn been dee eft, an he din of ers aos the Modeling es ress in satwie ein ver aang ad presenting the ucones of tes exeston in sted nd mening vay. ain provide car eneraniing of he ‘esting oes th qui of Stare jt der ft alte ples assoc vith th iid defects, Hee deed elation of molting tet ces in software 1 Test ret The pig et ot cing epi e {cut eT lt erate hw tems vce, sn (Gaye dtd Hl aren dcr wet ere “Tevet cmt om ntl cero eo a 2. bate ting» Dt dingo gal put fing et, “ona det soled ia tsk err gost. Tat Teor lca tah eet pon stp ag ‘ye com eto nde prone ge i ‘information helps in racking the states and progress of deft esaiion "emer nd ering Ts es poe un an hw tin tl nh i tr yn Thy afl ot wrt Gh lp anni elon nic ef ee pesett Tesmpendsuoriin sg rung on, 1+ Improved deconmaling; The mtn ewe ome be eis ako te oftware For example moll ened ide hh ect ost whe eases ttre we «improved communication : Temi edo comma tees re 0 he vcore abs of fe tes ee oe eso orn, Te fe tc Sn vie somes iw of Sa hs 3 eset ae ue ttt a cole nd ees kel Tht can Kelp © ewe tht cvejone dents he sess ad tet 5 apes ee rs examining te caters, sam es Ti gees se nn ign on he ta, Tete a fi ee 1 rw chlnge of modeling rena ote aber ting eating Sp ise ee x ‘ dee ult of he oftware ye | are ang ras in sig i oma aay oem Ts aa a : ae Spe df oa ea rfactor pin tt ttn | «Tec Te ps a tt i ‘eotrteosy soso oe figs BE” Nerd Te os ic ee eon sy onset bp ee Tso See cee ‘=p ne hn ar neg Shoup en eta sey f es aw id ‘Sect cme sr tae pie me cnc sino t reese “+ Time to find defects: This metric measures tbe time i took w find the defects. This can be ‘ne nl rh igo i [Salami rota oe awe > «Coun memes nae gf awed Tbe nae tase ete fetes se Compe The ot ei ne ape 2c ia cree 2 adel at cay eens Time ke ote mi ft a et 1 conten eee cree dl tet es dsing te res can te 4 aie tool fr ipoig the guy of rare: By nding he ese a me dss sot ow improve he sofas 20 Boundary Value Testing ‘Boundary Ve ening (BVT) sfc sig tne ht ess on sing he totes enol mete ere dl ono tat ay eccrenear ose ‘unas The esting BVT i torre ately © oe the edges of opt ‘anger ae ona the wl ge BY ig out Yas We ean ently pot iu cach npr iin lions, om ang nd Stem Devise. ‘Objective ot BVT # The pay objec of YT i 1 ere ht he safe em ner by as omy so vets stm eves a expe en NPS trem te loneranduperbandis ofa age ella tie bas + Improved aap Ten 127 Tharp waa a he a oul nt be sib fo EERE ROA. ewani ems ws dev eigen Teta wetiu BV lowe r enero tomy ales Kors om ting see bundy seria es win 3 all np ang. 05 Wel a a ining te eu, ai nthe adabve deeds > poancn Ve Gnesi crn gulls for selecting test casa tu Ged he ini ad or is it's lad ge. toss esa wells athlon store he osm, snd macnn ap ae elt jot below and ahve tose lengths + tty Bose eet) ets eged ost both values + Fortine ips casa dse fe inn nd ain ine ae nas jst eer ane eine Tot sna VT pi indie vain et sarin, ch aid oud ‘mali ny ales a pile eee tanya. These senso, help te peso dts may cao the eens es everap BVT rose chee tet ove by fects one clo 27 ny abi ge bt alo the tow He a ts na i 1 ea the eendarie, oath egies forming boundary valu testing Demise bondi rs he nat oat vl eee, The to ouput vt ne Tsp od trates 5 poe uae 2 Select testcase: Sls test se hinted bonnie, The chose shoul cover bot vai and iva bounds Fr example oa asf 10, ‘he testass mihi 0, 59a 1, “4 recut the et eases Exe ested et css by roving he pat ates a the denied bodies The et xs salle oh he ina sd aa ‘als walla valesja above anew te odes 5 Analy the results Arle thes esa ea any ees rer enous ing eine any enor te uty told te ene and ads by he Boundary value testing fe several acrantage, nen 1. est coverage: By foc on he ous, boundary ae eng provides ‘mac coverage thm ane of et ees lo Meni eerste noe Hela oss he ef igang. 2. any defect detection: Sc eres fn eit cantons eine te say inte devel el bel dtcting ad resning ders san xy se 2 Improved reat : By eng the ounces and ele ces, he safari mare kl to hades caret ekg a ingroned aby adress. *+ Ely det eifenion BVT hep i even eles ta my Sage of teing sich cnt cit an fl of ig the et Tres et eoengs + By eign tales, BVT ens ter coverage of fel aes oft sae tem Inpro pte laity» BVT bp in dettng nd Gig ses reed wo andi. np basion, an stem tn nr, singin more el 1+ Enhvced ie experince BVT help in espn potent ere er isosiens hat ‘er may ennamer when nek Wi ee abs RE 8 smear and mere saison wer epee, LUntaton ot BVT: Wile BV isan ctv fst echngu, hs sam lntaone BVT doesnt pa tess f Sef aie the Bondy vas, Adie et thee sedappachs wees ceompcense eng VT muy ou coveralls, ote pray oye. ter ‘yp af ing suh a egaince atoning and eno orig maybe rege complet BVT EER PRETO gOeing With ome aps ngs sy whe iy ed 1 itz and SC he mg canteties se «exten ein cat Se Se eee onanrernaen stn i tere “enn 3 eerie eigen tt can ep find Si St roves ide arty of sof > hea 1. Raman 2 Toten 1 Te be iin eye 1 Tonene)s Tecthmsxinum ve (3 10) ease the system vip j «Towa 3: Te es bw 8 lover Beary (2, 0) heck f te ec a anes va igs prop al Totes Tt rat hte pron (2g, 10) 0 vey te Login pavers ng a ori anda reg pas + Teco 1 Tee ini yl aor nt (eg # charts tet prem ate nero, ‘ot ewe 2: Tet mais ad psn gh (eg 20 characte) 0 oem alse wer ere. Tet) Ttse chs an he in ah ‘espsem recs it Bs: a fe ese he system hands 2 pnd Tarot Tae inden + Totem stata ‘handles the masiraum tence, bidet Tet eed Totstnen Test ese 4 Te ee SoueTenegandaaemeten _geog rang anstvoin, 44 tina 4+ Test ae 1 Test hc valid de eg ny 1, 190) 0 ves hat he ste andes te ower bound corey + Test ate 2: Tet he les aide (eg, Deemer 3,210) nse the te anes the pried any + Testcase 3: Tests jut eth ver bendy (December 3,195) 1 cck ite stem dean it i + Testcae 4: Tet di jut afer he pe ory (eg, my 1,201) 0 ey at she atem anes apr 5 pt fd eharater it: + Tost ee 1 Test hep ld wi te inna aber of caer lowed (0 1 hare eset sense ower bry corey. “Test cae 2: Te ein eld wit te imam aie of characte alowed, 100 characte 0 ve hat ym ane te wer buy carey 4 Tea cie 3 Ts nigel occ es a te ii allowed eg check ite stem it 1+ Test case 4 Test an opt ed wh oe case morta te manu lowe length toenavete sytenbarestapropy ‘these exaples dnc ow bouncy ae sing cn be pled ferent ees by sleet eases tor ee odes fap ges By igo the Rounes, we cn soe pte defen ht my oc specially i exon sd oe a he BL quivatence class Testing ‘auc Cs Teng (ECT asta eninge ans rice the mache et cs le rina ace et eave IF ies the ipa ata into oops ot Closes ao sila caries ad sec ees es ese om ath eas. The odtvngnsonpton tiesto one carwash acer ihn theme sr ae a ty wo expon se tects ECT bps tint et case en by ling redid epee eng (Objective af ECT + The pray Bice of equalence clas tengo Wey 2 repesnntne toe ee ht eae covet he apt dat pce wl mining the ‘Memes eat cen By fring on reserve tet aes am each Seale as, ECT py tee hat oe il temple tet cae ihn te a cs, ERR RATERAN rere di: noe cases HE abies tata IE ete em pin esa aie a caer moe of he im ope oF oHEHME. THE gE ace Frristerce mentee cs avid etd esting, ein or thng eset ass; Eoualese ses can be cote long ies: semi va qlee eases; Tie cies eset eps ae valid and x ‘eso: Fr eal fel es aes eee | a 10, he valid ei ‘devs aes een 15251100 ana pal alive ie 28. Ina gle ses Te aus erst apt tht ae iva cepted ag. Tess oe ches lyf expose simile po ‘sis For ul ae aces eee and 100, the ine i so ne an 0 Selene ces The cases rp pecal orexeme con iy ee etn. er eal ‘os euch cae pti ona ig Test etn: deo he ch cl, C3 ld aces panier ha ei clase pa wit he Osea eases ae deg, pprttns eee et a {6 pole ae within an equa = ET a cover inc oT 5 Sei ns A tga tae 3 ie mie tect Me eed ah Yate te test covrge achieve Litton of ECF: While eutectic, thas ame atone + Overlooking specie sarin: ECT nay sot corr sl posible ear epi i ‘hee af uu candies or nas tt regent ces ote te + Dependencies among apt: ips he aepndin ahcr np acting ster, ECT may st adequately cp lations, ‘+ Lime t Input sion: ECT party fue ting ipa aus ad ay ot dies ier aspect, chasse ear, ero ep akin, Adon testing eiges aybe requ complemen ECT. In concn, eqilenc sein 2 well cig fc oftware eng ht ices (he nuber of tet cts ‘le esingsuficetcovere. By exon ing ata ito soles cers ling resi etc, ECT be ner ee ey an provides cheeses sgn Whit lve iin, ECT a eect apone 9 shove ec ancorgrcenveteing > Here re soma example of equaens classes: 1. Name input ange 1+ Bauiaene cla 1: Vad pte wiih ang 1 100 gala clas2: ol ip aos et tan (5.0, 1+ Equivalence clan: leva ipt alas ethan 10 105,200. 1+ guinea 4: Sosy les sch | an 10. 2 Lorine '+ quivatenc lass: Vad rane and pasword comin. “Equivalence 2; lei eam with ald pase 1 Equivalence lass 3: Vad emai aid puswerd. + Bgulaene cls 4: rane nd ave combi, + Egutaene clas Chesboe sles (ai condo, Equivalence cas 2 Cintboxt std (lif condon). “ 1 eutaenes elas = Cheol nd ner nated fe ied ih ia (ee, iva eal oma + Egutatnc ne 4: Chskbx ntsc an ether ed a led wih iva ro cre ed cers ie I ESCH PIBUEATON® oa isome ann eine eee : tani (8 i fl = gules ald ei ted abr with he eoret format and aie 1+ Epo aw: ad etc rumkrwidh a icone frat, Spacramag aati) a + Ean 3c ih incon chek, * Eero Chu aun diet cad networks (Vis, Ase core isin aad ech a. BY ig rp SOE idee emu eta Bb Texing Postips ep Texas Tope it an tier ening an PORTER cure ie So atch tee a shine mano "St: oops gi and contol Mt evercancrn ie ‘eo el demi ewes an ee cee 2 omc ae Tee ade nd dey dite wa Th nas destin He be payee Aether Sees aly gil Son | 2 Path seloion: se, ss Tog an tran aa. Tes oeagean xcs | Tet cae geerton: For ech sath gente tet cases hat exercise that pes pth, Test ees shoul ince pat ales cai the rogram follow the ‘ose pith Thi may ile eeatig mise tt cues for single pat coer “ifr secon nd anh conto 44 Test eae erection: Ect he gece tet cases ering tat cach selected path i ‘vere o east one dang sing. Ding exe, i iporat to ep sd econ any irs or espe evened Anais of est esas Analy het eo en any aes iscepncies any rst fun ty shoud epntedad eaed by he evelpet e. > patting offre several aseantage, nung 1 Maximum coverage: Pus xing ain 0 achive maxim covenge of «programs loi tavern loi pts hohe code. This ps in ideniing poten esr det that yale ot df exc pa, 2 Flnegraned sing: Pt esa ws for deed examination of pci pate and loi wine progam chs intcovesing enor hat maybe mised by oe testing regu 3. Code understanding: Pt eng regis thorouph understanding ofthe prorat source code ot! ow Thies ingroved code epee and may Bp in ieoting re of code beoptimin ofc. > woweve, trae sre challenges ad considerations when applying Pah ting 1. Path explosion + La cngle pops, the munber of pomble pits cin grow ponent, making it impact etl pate. Teer ned opie ad sl ‘et of pos bed on ie rae ences eng betes. 2 Limited tectvenes for tare programs ath eting may besure neicia tine: owning fr hge-leapaton with rsa path fn chess, «combination of ath etn wi hr ius, sch sound ale esting or quale ls testing oes employed 3. Dynamic pate + Sere popans exit bbe were he paths ae detemine a atin, making it iu opt andes al pose ps tcl. Techgus ie arcana cde coveage ols ean asst a ening and teing mane as In cocin pth ering whe oe esting echigu ht eso eve ad eng tec ps win sare applica. hls in seeing mam sovenge fe rin op nd cet! ou, thereby uncovering etl eso ‘dace, Wie ie be effecve fe male pograns, i eqs ewe pat election edema ce ules rage snd empl sppestins. aPees secs phe 4, ele states: «Teton Eee xs seqview ey iso 2. Shits «Teste 1: Bec ia vith seen ee thatthe co cxbisewred cs «Tue 2: Es te fia iin suit satet esi tti ‘bovis dled pri a 2. ops: + Teese: as: Ec i hp ay kn ep cnt inal fle, ni eloped ny : * Tete: Ett hp toy kn elo svete «Tete: Esue ep er hymgineseyi oitn 4 Ned cnt sts: + Tes se lpi set te, cast tp in such way tat he ae cress ie neh er, © Teton? Eceueteepnde ‘serait . Test ce 3 Ecc +E Ecce only pail fy = icons ly “Tein e Te & Eno handing: 7 . Teste ce een Tcpnsach vay hat he inner i itiscom = " rica ‘gan rc es Test (HE2 Teste in : Foatine i not ggee, pan goaateinpet ivory’ state 6, Muti condton eat «Test cs | Teste exci ats hn ets win compound contin ae ine «Test cst Test th een pts en on or orcs wii & comput Da ow sing awh tinge at res niin ew fn wii ofr pion. Kain ey to eras tele ingoperalig, tension, or ton of de aghae proga Data law Teng is based on the rile nr si en ts pope ind ode owed inte eet ae ‘nda low ting the plat’ source nde nado iden wins data flows, su les, ips pus inet cei The ie i sin st cov hat eerie eet dn foci, ening ft aa flo as a ested fr oneness andrei: “Tefolonng are the ey ances a sp ive nda ow testing: Daa pur Defatted pi verea ‘able is sed va) wa obs ee po (ere tae of te els secs), The De pis a ied by amg te oe code nd mapping ‘athe asec tt bens. 2L-Dat lo erera Do lo eng ies psi ceri snes casts bsed on the denied Def ts Th comony sl tei ine A Def (AD) Al Uss (aU, al ats (A, and A DU Pas ADUP) These ite inte els ad coverage eae fit sig eS. : Test ee din: Tost cs died to eis ined Det pis nd aa at Th da ay ine ig at ws at ape pi a Aes cesing ses ove ile nw ose. The gals tame taal epi a ested ad a alvin a pga Seana . 4 Tes cae exe : Eee silt cs being the to in te mga, Meni fe wes of is ac ow do pope a tanned gin be pg xan ee ee ee FTO pooh Teniy 3 “Ans of ot rea: Ase ees 8 ey MY EMO or ny ‘Rhos edn fw Hany fects are fm they sould be eat deepen q ata fw tig ter sve atvantage nc 1 Data oeage i flow sing ose nthe fant wag ofa witha op fencer wits an op pepe tld sin eg ‘Scr cd fy amie oh, oem sm, compen | rr 3 2 Tad i By ang Dee nd ding st css eh tov eis ote + elk on pie din ow see stor rete eg ft aa be oa il so ea = a 3. Extra: sin iene taney nee (Slope pets. By Rego i uae ets hata | ‘Semel unepee eoee alee, ue mtn ania ee: umplesty : Dat flow testing cn become comple ad ue . i lex and time-consuming, particular (ERE ats wt compl a depends. may eu sopistcted __ bee tesa "ei Seat re uy ute of 5 cen mn Pesta ident om © 3. Integration with other teehaig ae tha ior ote tin con 2 te eg ies ah ioe conpeintetercoway irene entero Iceneaion aon ne sof aig 8 tn plage gt St ee tea 8 cus sc gas pn ne so tga horton ay oe [BBE Test Design Preparedness Metrics Tost desi prepress met ace quinine mens wed oa te readies ad ity of tet desis and es cts bef the ea eng pe Regine. These ets ep ‘hat th estes fice and covenge fe tds proces, ning tat the ‘esing tos welled al ape of ening poetic oes inh yer cosets, ‘The fotowing ae some arnt used tet design repsredrae mat: 1, Tes coverage mes Tetcovenge swt eat het whi bees ein coves he requirements comes, coef eaten. Tes metis mea he Perens of cutee ole coer byte designe es Test coverage mes ince 6 Stoement coverage + Mets te peetag of tment in the aed ae estes dig tee ranch coverage: Mess Be eng of isn pins bah in ete tata Pah overages Measures pena of ol ose eeuion pts evgh te ce iat eevee, 2. Test ese completnes mers Tse mesic se competes of sess sca forthe ytom ender Thy esnze whet he est ess cover a eran Sosy pet combina ctl pats Example of tt ene competes Tet scenrncoverate Gor fer ch omespndg tet ese ben ened, cea | Soo ee | ie ae ae cn ornecseer Secs teagan tanec eu sovengeend eure eagles le cathe psi of einen fr which es cs Meas peg of ened teas or we «© Regulrmeteoverag= ME eae jeteness : Messares the percentage of tceabiity links Tey mcm: en | ited ee | ee momar aneTones wi Te me eth CN Tein CSAs Te meet a ofc EEE actntmminrotaestotene Eanes ce 2 tet ace eM pees 1H sh coe ‘ese Foi es ene if eo rs ete i 5 To ee ity mi + Tes co csty Mo esate the ey smi ncn The He cle, on end we Spo coe dp Toe icc mee eg ‘omen ehcp oes dete dg = tog ic Eas eee ian ag of test cases ta cece bry ee att Th tices, 4 ee a FOE Themen Mfc st acter + Sumber a decode Ti nay iting tt veut. This mei ar Menta hereon ee a ee ft ee a eke etetvenes of test ct Tuuponfuain asset etn, ‘+ Coverage of estes: Thi mis he yop fet ee at hve Bn exc for rl poet This mee an ed tek epee fe ‘ci nid wh atten ne be cco + Detect desy Ths et eso of es pe it of de Thi ec conte wl tack he gay eed ty wee meeting Teste extant: This ts moe ite ne at te To cn br nk eff fa en nd aes wer tea cn aged, Tat eae ar rat Thc mex tack peng of et i ht ail ben ey tr ctewed Ths nei en eed tc ls of ig md 0 ly In adtiion hee come sy Ser fer i a edo sna et Sig purines, Tee ener ed epee eof at For example a post al eveling 2 ew softer pot uy want ack he ‘sowing ei + Number o ue ees: Thirsk te ube ene at have en developed fort stre raic Use css ae ble! reign the nr otc ean ep eo tht hes des i compres. [Number of fein requirments ¢ This mesic eas te munter of fetal tenures hrhve been sid fore sofware rat. Fanciers re Ty opr et dvs ecg umber of fnconleurents cn bly hse he devin ame “pr mei aks ie eyo ae te. Ts mec Tes ese prirain ened cure athe st npr Wt i any +t mesic teks te reateshp NeWeen West exes and rpc Tea be tes Da al ener ate tte meres nt le lr mpeg te ay fs. Tes design mee nie uy te Dy tacking ee ee, nuit cme areas Wr et Si scab eps okt nce DE rama memcrmnaem SPATS aT[ERE testcase Design etectvoness bef st oes to coer Tess si ees fe 0 ees nme he uy a eles of Ce niin arc cht nig dese fest cove. The Tene aig ‘Reawwen seth gs eee yo th HME oss De relby of sven al > tear sevens acon fh tcveness of testcase design ‘eure ts antl te sino aes diferent serra ‘embatonan ntycnbis oiathe evo of te syste end ‘es ome Te as hal ee he sen hie eel Ta ‘ln wi 8 ne wo en ad te expan {ltteers ale no ler ejetie: Wasa et as ele ejects and epee ‘co sa hn aes ups, ch ving spe “is ne onc coe vers foews on eicalareas and nou ri dit ae oe a ens eninge OP 88 Ed omcome, Ti al seers 1 ot Cae tener Tet Coe Ete oy Sere wnt gt tt wf eng es con teqea Eftene he minimising the number Weller eee ely mine nd adept ange inthe mse net Thy cn edad when eames cane or wD kets refined wit tat ee ftcvenensof st cae dan, vaous matics comb ved ich 1 Defect detection rte: Maes the pone of tes tht sce Hetty deta, 1+ Code coverage + Mesure the peep of coe covered by the need Ht ete, Indeing the effete oft ne devin xray he Ren ope Corio morgan ams of hemes ep enya of provement es se design and low fr rego of te eng procs Tet ese eign fines ri to curing at he sing or cd ef an expe of tenga Sets trey roving onl uly wd lb ear beg ee > har are some of he ber rats totes casein 4+ Shr by understanding he mqest te oft opcaon + Uses ai feted iis 1 Review he est ear whe eee am, By ftowing hes bs pci rutin pote eectvenes of es cse fain adn he neon ets ne. ERED wodet- riven Tost Design Mode ven en ds (M1) ie ing tegument tee to ate er, Tne made eb ed 1 gtr ew cate Sat a NDT hasnt ot nang ver aon en tengee. Fin a lp to coe ae auc overall oe equ fhe fare. ‘Stns pte tee evron ces, which an eee fl. Fe pa toe he ficney of Wing. 8 Be tet cas ct exewed stomata SS emg ER TOTpe P Thecne a Tse a del: Tee ms erie the ow a : oe sre dsr te ie sts Ht the Softee oop the stare 1 semaine ane Te ene SEGRE Si eat denon te ese sofa application | SST ea eg vg et has emis poplin rece ‘Dette teppei efcny sl eesineness of stig tered verge NBT cn ep ee atl ofthe requemests ofthe se more c | + tap ng :NBT cep pe evi fteing eat | sStrencetauicy a ‘+ Reduer fc: MBT an poet the number of defects in the software by fda, | Smessesteénehymmspaenn ST x ota na nig at ca pt inrve te guy of wa SSS, eee mr tia eens of a + Teo spp = Tea eo Su: pe had catnes et HI tn ia a teres ales eat designs rm sae a 4, be sey ot | aT MT a teeta 2 linrove th gules ie at can pt nro aly eee MS tes cn Fe os esngensfsersten __a.3y) ro oosynand re, BEI Tost Procedures ‘ot onsite 8 cuenta este te aps at dB eno exe 8 cous he detaleistctin hat els heer ba dr doa wha ene. “et pode a inporat pa ffs esting iy ep to ene tat st ke sce conse aed ht he ess ate scat They a lp to doen te FE ces hich can be eli fr debugged wontons “Tetprctdein soaring ea eto pied apa mons at tine ton etre a pei et ease + op of lad test te These pocetes provide Tene poids 0 eters bon per he gated ches, 2 exp OS nn te esing procs Te pred nr ose and epg =e xenon teenen making he eing proces ree sated nd ie 1 Hare ar the hey sBpets and coninraons aed to test procedures In stare 1 Purpose and cope Tet oe defe th pos and cope ofthe en case st uc being ened Thy spent the ejeie of tes specie Resomay oF ear being ested andy eure egied ee eeeing et. 2. Test enirament stop: Te peta ele auc for seg op fe tot Crecomes or ongig te sem rom 0 eure Bat isn he sed sete re recog te et ene, Ta may iva stig sfvare. confines, repng it dt oresbitngcomsecins wh extena “Te eneuton oes Test poets provid a eclipse sence of actions estan, These pone he specie US 0 be to be pres dre 8 arrancones ction and epee apa tbe cbsene The proces my tc ten man end wt opts pending on he se of he et. ‘esate nd inp ntacns Tes acts pce et or pu ales 0 areas rie cat nucons co bow 1 exer he i, select ona orf ont Teter fle te tions 0 ese von or inert wi 3 cohen aod acu 8 po 7 vd anon « Test POSES Weie the expected res oF aa ain bs ering heer psd cane ot cn neem open pe meas a et Te oe a Tey ope he a oa th he a st ee coecest th em behavior, Spec nnn mame eoeae ens ny inet Fete en nowt i abot 8 ran igo» oa a ee gems di em eceewshirnt et aw wt ft oe nt nb il ingore ey vee Retr tot nso cangs a rotence al reste tepoec heen onl sen yr sonal ‘Sosverdteoenfare in pe =| Themen: Tieton tego | + ieee ot este ran st i cimvccrmaren a «ccna do Socratic + The prt Th ey on of what he reste should expt | Bert ee cnn ed 9 * Be Foeonn: Ti ste dspon of he otis tht shold be mst ‘Setethas been execu x cay 0B in 4 fea, a hey hud be te, co roe ‘he be cise wh be oer dcumeniton far the Her are ee tebe Soin ‘ recat AO dy Senay St sas cc teem Srna * omit tesa ngienes Rie gwar oo RRR ORR md soe Tsing a tat ‘Overall et ee inp put tte sige lp es that se excetl content, doumene ed emake fee. By wig Wet proce, mins an impo the iy fhe wae anda oe Harare worn ofthe best races wn tut roca 1+ Sury understands hepa eee + Liste eps of ett Describe th eget, + ei he preven pont, 1+ Woe cearansconcse tage + Fooat hes poe in lp oy + Revew best ocd wih edema By fling tee bes peices cpio ue we tes pseu at a ce cn sexy oll, This wl lpn este a ete ext ony sd at ess [ERE Test case organization and Tracking “os cae canzion and tig i Be pees of maging tes ees ouput he sofvae develope Mey Mines cen sig aig md een tt ae a8 ‘el a tacking tess nd es : “ese opnizin and king is pert a of fra ten. it ese tats eect ely and eal. Ka bps o eae te es or cust nd tat ft esd an fd rot ae “There ae a munber fet way re nd tack est ess, Soe common tod nel ot Atte mamgenet tli sofware plcton Wang et case mame cnet i ee = = ann a ak nea cern tee, | hetero enavoncreonge ease et se sock estan a 8 feast a“The test to fr epg ad sig st ses will ay depending onthe esiafite pe Howe grit ocho ato at wi SHE ht est gy ranged testy nd ese area sme ofthe bana of testcase erganiation ana tacking: 1 Improved effcieney + Tes ene orgisizon a easing ean belp 10 improve ony of esting by makings oid and exe est ase. “Iceni acura: Ts i xiniation nd tacking ca lp increase the ‘oftesing by making sro ack ese ese and dei defects > proved communion: Tt ease eeiation and tacking can help 1k Wars are sme otha st prc for tes cae og ay ian repo for estcaet TS ake itenert fant excite ores {ests are enccuted ina timely ce maou, Ts wih ce + os te ee eta Res ‘event mopte, By fog te to ots sotefcey. Tht "He flay. Thi il lp wo ese rp ts nop aml ea et ees hat ears Sect nd hat et eee racoecit ete Tersasonsen nya n Bu Reporing ‘Bug teping is cea eps of sows tening ad design a Helps Mesiy and connie dese sues ond dg teeing recess Bug reports provide a ced format fr eters to document ad esrb the probes encoatee, enublng develops adentnd predic, andi he repel es Ee ag eporag ites colabortion tween testers and developers ling ingrove afar ui. Let ive int «dees cplation of bug pcg withan eae 1. Bug eport overview: + Tie Provide conve an desi tie dh summaries the sie + Bug ID Asgn aig denier te og for stng pups 4+ ate Menon the te en he bg was icone {Severity + Este ad sign sventy Hel (pat on feos) od rin evel (npc of fing the. Summary + Ginea rien oft ging he ey ise 1 stape to repreduce rove ler and dete tp sep pide forreroling the teehee deeper ett ae int eeopre enianent «+ Eapeced bean Epi th ested onan orbit adn he psn + Actual beanie + Deseibe eavin + Serenshtstachment Hae ‘Shersuoporing ater tp iiss e BE the eben bene 6 the deviicn fm the expected ny ert reams, enor message ag le. 2. Environment tall: ect te pet ote 68, Wado, mas, Li) an it ss conuron: Menton ns reel hat mayb ea 0 thet + Sottare vert pei he + Browsers: apt cio ote softs being ese etn ie ose orm ed ing eg. ee Teeneer canny + Coste the bg Sd on me (6, ANON, aap ue ee cae pollen ade Si aca «Sree nade aeetenyitne ticle aren - Testa es eee te ell eres * lng ba trcig ol: bares aise apition hat canbe el ‘epen bugs. These ols Opically provide feamees such as priori a | me te rte, i cre sttnccent catenin nt oe ‘apt sy ek ee a ag Tete ed Eg il ys Howe opt rhe a POSE oe ee eso be P| soe lone tts ped cee tae set ; ot erg q einen ng sees ep Sing ek wee 9 © fape te ned ely f state * Reduced ht: Baretig tee re & Seats ees ea + Improved communion: Bier ey {eigen nde salt Ko cs by king i nse 8 toe communication eee NOE St poe fr bg and a ‘veal ve eporingian ipa pf stare ting and sin. np ene at cts a ena fe prompt wih an ingrvete qty of rev ec the of defet er arson of te best pacts orb pot ‘Be lear and voce: Bog reps shields. Thi wil mak ease fo the develo ta nest defen fa Inches eleven informations Bogs sould inde elev nematic, sock asthe steps rerodice ede he gre et adh cule 1+ Periz us: Bugs shou be pti, Ts Wi el epee x he st ingot ag ft + Trac he saat of bug: The sn fag shade ake Tis wep 9 ese has fied rome + Commanicte wth the dvapment team + The develoeret eam shoul be Comune wih bags Ti il lp ere ae deepen am we of he apes at ey wong of em. ying tse es aces pao anept bs ete andefcely This wip eens cs ae edn ae prep, hich an egove he gay of setae sed tice her of tes Sn Ea nytt chee arse tmnt to tr ey cen i ee ee er chin Scan sat bd ee a Siena ce onernencmennar ener ‘enormous mie i ee aa ae ei ti ies tn ieee emer eeee ‘Sainton fom ern moire{Ld fete opera abel he ug hy be He REESA chang cece te te wne Te ng som sem changed 10 "te inde 7 ‘oka bse epee coe ent res One as sl aes tthe “pending ee tg Tee ‘Qa Aruane(QN peel vey wheter te Bug Bas indeed hen cope They ese pis Rios assoited wih eg Srey cops retical "siesta, Howe ifthe bg ina ee move tthe ex wage a 1 ent onan ee erate nel —— ‘The bug tacking system is updated to reflect thatthe issue at bf eet et cae ES ‘eft tps ett mount eee a et “weopned This alos dslopes en «| = oie the oo cae an aes dl 1c impor th bg i vay on i tol and eine. Son big kg em my hv ol geo eed ‘eflows oa rsp rete Undue ef mee eta Me ele sca gs we prety tee aed es ng very fhe sexe pes “The bs fe te an npr ft aes lp ps ele ene sh eid nd pty, hea esr kOe pop (tc an et hay ner Improved qu Th ge ep lg guys by ‘Sign ii et Sete on 4 Reduced Thea ce a bi oe kf tb aig ee + proved communion The ec en help ingen commen ‘cece sing wom seo yg acolo bat ve bebe migrate ting al eps Met fh dete ae ei ed py, he ng Be iy et recethe rc te tre ae ef ex test bn rl ; e Thez bug ng ul A gg cep ek oc an toc at hye ina ey et Rat tn dropr edb wpa depen st eo thon re eet: Det sb + Tack het arth props es, say aera rr aul: Succes shld ke commenced we To popes of fos od he ng of ef one ‘ets at ey oe 8 EE ot sey Test ce ott ako ha sche ae bya sey emp on ane eb el eect and towing he tet aes see nl fa omy HCA en fie. Te wi ep 0 ee a ct ee nem1. Tose ede 2 Stasi deta -Nog 3 Adtitonette poe 4 Prec ingress 5. Hee edt aia 6 Sop mac sy i check he 9 gE Me Te Me deat ced i YS hve nae fnton "ORCA ie it soar etna Auratin oe —— testy ial pene nayeaoaee cfecateranna carcass estes 1 tae eee a mba at Speed aa Piped ne ean oe Cece ee Saeco eee eae eee ee eae [seven avostons] TWh ae We Se Air ot? ad Fan Be Big He sofa? 2 Wharf nado Become en desig hes? SL What arethe rato ote ee manne? 4 Mon con ihren ede se regret ec enn betel? 5. How con ho deg pce bene? {How con onan soe bese te fore? oncom eines tg eed 6 esofoar? oncom dan fone bes he re? 2. Whatmericeon tend mare Ne fie of het dein proce? 10. oncom hefner ae dei bene? 1, Ho oe matt eg ead mre he lig nd efenes of he ‘dae proce? 12, Hom shh prc oon? whi he bugle api det Ei wo aks cursons wih Anwar bets tr ein aa mac poet ange iu tec potany sn ofonetesing, it ep o cme at ‘Sct she thon a ‘coos. 1h ett ya ce 2 cn er EER PRETO wt‘{ slaiecos 08011 fe, Pepe ree ena te HO vein inking ct co ale tae wz of tet din poses. ce Fe eesne Denies malo dig proces, 2 Fgulece puoi techie tena ectaive seed equlalence dle TTA fc atten Mealy th pert he rth Menton: sete pet nc ed ety ete ps tata be allowed dig progam ccc Th mnt eden te ene Ao ehing as owl tg acy ah select: Set st ef pt te te Sec ely empactil ‘steeple pha psn of ts chen uo rn cn sishas te Methonofs ates ened carla of ope mele “es cae gern: For ec et a, get a xe a spe h Tet ee ha cae geen arcane og le hon Fh Ths yee cs at ne 9 te ph cn Skeet sero rac ont. “Tot ee ecto: Eee ego ne ig Sa ch la ah stoves ot latone iene Daeg eso per apd rorya nega en exec Ana tot rola = Aasyae Ge tot comity any aes ot rpc faye fa hey held be er ed ad Be Svegmentem. 9 inane apreschs meting sre Spee et eee area eee ee cee aoeramteneeneree eae ots ees a ere wal mee tet cues vgn compre 0 ty + Taso ipransemrone */