PRECALCULUS Trigonometric identities and its situational problems

Learning Activity Sheet

2nd Quarter-WEEK 4-5

NAME: ___________________________________________ DATE: _______________________

TRACK-STRAND/SECTION: _______________________ CP #: ________________________
Learning Competencies
1. Determine whether an equation is an identity or a conditional equation. STEM_PC11AG-IIe-1
2. Derive the fundamental trigonometric identities. STEM_PC11AG-IIe-2
3. Simplify trigonometric expressions. STEM_PC11AG-IIf-2

KEY CONCEPTS:
Trigonometric principles, identities, and equations are widely employed nowadays in surveying, navigation,
engineering, electrical, optics, music, medicine, criminology, and a variety of other industries.
An identity equation is one that holds true for all values of the variable in the equation's domain. If some values
of the variable in the domain of the equation do not satisfy the equation, it is a conditional equation.

Exercises 1. Identify whether the equation: x 3−2=(x−√ 3

2)( x + √ 2 x+ √ 4) is an identity or a conditional equation.
2 2 3

Solution: It is an identity equation because it involves factoring of the difference of two cubes. The equation will be
satisfied with any value of x.

Exercises 2. Identify whether the equation: sin2 θ=cos2 θ+1is an identity or a conditional equation.
Solution: It is a conditional equation. If equals 𝜃=0, the left side of the equation is 0 and the right side is 2, indicating
that both sides are unequal.

Remember:
For all values of x (domain), an identity equation shows that both sides are equal. On the other hand, a
conditional equation demonstrates that the value of x will satisfy either the left or right sides of the equation, but not both.

FUNDAMENTAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

An equation containing a trigonometric function or a combination of trigonometric functions that is valid for all
values of the variable for which the functions are defined is known as trigonometric identity.
These identities are verified using the fundamental identities that hold for every value of the angle or real
number, for which the functions involved are defined.

Reciprocal Identities Quotient Identities

1 1 y sinθ
(1) cosθ= secθ= (4) tanθ= =
secθ cosθ x cosθ
1 1 x cosθ
(2) sinθ= cscθ= (5) cotθ= =
cscθ sinθ y sinθ
1 1
(3) tanθ= cotθ =
cotθ tanθ

Pythagorean Identities
(6) cos 2 θ+ sin2 θ=1 2
cos θ=1−sin θ
2
sin θ=1−cos θ
2 2

(7) 1+ tan 2 θ=sec 2 θ 2 2

tan θ=sec θ−1
2 2
1=sec θ−tan θ
(8) cot 2 θ+1=csc 2 θ 2 2
cot θ=csc θ−1
2 2
1=csc θ−cot θ

Even and Odd Identities

Odd Identities: (9) sin (−θ )=−sinθ , csc (−θ )=−cscθ
(10) tan (−θ )=−tanθ , cot (−θ )=−cotθ
Even Identity: (11) cos (−θ )=cosθ , sec (−θ )=secθ

SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES

The general addition formulas are used to find the value of a circular function of a sum or difference of two angles
Note: A and B represents angles

Sum and Difference Formulas

(1) cos ( A+ B )=cosAcosB−sinAsinB
The value of a function at A is the same as the value of its cofunction at B. This always happens with complementary angles; in fact, it
is this phenomenon that gives a “cofunction” its name. The “co” stands for “complement”.

Cofunction Identities

sin( π2 −θ )=cosθ ( π2 −θ )=cscθ

sec

cos ( −θ )=sinθ csc ( −θ )=secθ

π π
2 2

tan ( −θ )=cotθ cot ( −θ )=tan

π π
2 2

PERFORMANCE TASK
A. Complete the proving pattern.
Expression Explanation/ Reason
cosθ
(1) =1−sinθ Given
secθ +tanθ
cosθ
=1−sinθ
(2) 1 sinθ Apply __________ identity for secθand _______ identity for tanθ
+
cosθ cosθ
cosθ
(3) =1−sinθ Adding the denominator through LCD
¿¿
¿¿
(4) cosθ ∙ Get the ______________ of the denominator
¿¿ =1−sinθ¿
¿¿
(5) =1−sinθ ¿ Simplify
1+ sinθ
2
1−sin θ
(6) =1−sinθ Apply _______________ identity of cos 2 θ
1+ sinθ
(1−sinθ)(¿¿ )
(7) =1−sinθ Factor out 1−sin2 θ
1+ sinθ
(8) ¿¿ =1−sinθ Reduce to lowest term

5 −4
B. Given cosA = and sinB= , find cos ¿ ) if both A and B are in QIV. Write your complete solution in
13 5
another sheet of paper.
RUBRICS FOR CHECKING
CRITERIA SCORES
ACCURACY (COMPLETENESS & CORRECTNESS)
5pts: Show correct answer with accurate and complete solution.
4pts: Show correct answer with accuracy in the process but incomplete solution.
3pts: Show correct answer with incomplete solution.
2pts: Perform a solution but arrive incorrect answer.
1pt: Attempts an answer.