Representing Real – life Situations Using Rational

Lesson 1
Functions

A rational function, r(x) is a function of the

form where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial
functions, and the domain of r(x) is a set of
real numbers such that q(x) is not zero.

Let n be a nonnegative integer, and let

be real numbers with
a n , a n−1 , … , a2 , a1 , a0
The a n ≠ 0.

function is called a polynomial n

f ( x )=an x + an−1 x
n−1 2
+...+a 2 x + a1 x + a0

function of x with degree n. The coefficient

an
is called the leading coefficient, and a0
is
the constant.

Polynomial Degree Special Name

f ( x )=3
0 Constant Function
f ( x )=−2 x +1
1 Linear Function

2 Quadratic Function
2
f ( x )=3 x −5 x +2

3 Cubic Function
3
f ( x )=4 x +2 x −7
There are different scenarios or real-
world relationships that can be
modelled by rational functions let us
take the following examples:
Example #1: The Local Government
Unit allotted a budget of ₱100,000.00
for the feeding program in the Day
Care Center. The amount will be
divided equally to all the pupils in the
Day Care Center. Write an equation
showing the relationship of the allotted
amount per pupil represented by f(x)
versus the total number of children
represented by x.
Example #2: A car is to travel a
distance of 70 kilometers. Express the
velocity (v) as a function of travel time
(t) in hours.
Lesson 2 Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities
Rational Rational Rational Function
Equation Inequality
Definition An An A function of the
p(x )
equation inequality form q (x) where
f ( x )=

involving involving p(x) and q(x) are

rational rational polynomial
expressio expressions functions and q(x)
n is not the zero
function
x +4 1 x−2 2
x + 6 x+ 8
= >3
Example x−1 5 5
f ( x )=
x +4
Examples: Determine whether the
given is a rational function, a rational
equation, a rational inequality, or none
of these.
1. 2
y=3 x −x−1
4. x+ 5
x−5
=x
2

2. 3
x
−3=
2x
2 x +1 5. x
6 x− ≤ 2
3

3. √ x+ 5=2

Lesson 3 Solving Rational Equations

1. Find the Least Common Denominator
(LCD).
2. Multiply both sides by the LCD.
3. Apply the Distributive Property and then
simplify.
4. Find all the possible values of x.
5.Check each value by substituting into
original equation and reject any extraneous
root/s.

Example #1: 2
2
x −1
−
1
x−1
=
1
2
Example #2: x+2 2 x−4
3
=
2