Senior High School

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Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Dimensions of Media and
Information - Visual
 Quarter 2
Week 5 - Module 5
DIMENSIONS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION - VISUAL

Content Standard : The learner demonstrates understanding of different

resources of media and information, their design
principle and elements, and selection criteria.
Performance Standard : The learner produces a living museum or electronic
portfolio or any other creative forms of multimedia
showcasing their /his/her understanding, insights,
and perceptions of the different resources of media and
information.
Learning Outcomes : Upon the completion of the module, the SHS students
are expected to describe the different dimensions of
visual information and media; analyze how the
different dimensions are formally and informally
produced, organized, and disseminated.
Competency: Comprehends how visual information and media
is/are formally produced, organized, and
disseminated. Evaluates the reliability and validity of
visual information and media and its/their sources
using selection criteria.
Topic : Infographics

What I Know

Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best answer. Write
only the letter on a separate piece of paper.

1. What is visual media?

A. A form of media that has the appearance of moving text and graphics on display.
B. Symbols, pictures, icons, signs and others that communicate with one’s sense
of sight.
C. Media communication that uses audio or recordings to deliver and transfer
information through the means of sound.
D. A simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas
whether hand-written, printed or displayed on-screen.

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2. Which of the following is a purpose of visual information?
A. gain attention C. provide noise
B. create desire D. facilitate messages

3. What image format contains a very small file size and has animation effects?
A. GIF C. PNG
B. JPEG D. TIFF

4. What visual design element describes an outline and creates texture that can
be thick or thin?
A. line C. color
B. shape D. value

5. What is described as the way a surface is perceived to feel and can be added to
attract interest to a visual element?
A. color C. line
B. form D. texture

6. What visual design principle describes as the arrangement of objects in two

dimensional spaces to look like they appear in real life?
A. contrast C. perspective
B. harmony D. directional movement

7. Which among the given choices is an example of an informally produced visual

media?
A. e-book C. news report
B. texting D. informational websites

8. What do you call a concept or idea that spreads "virally" from one person to another
via the internet that shows an image of a person or animal with a funny or witty
caption?
A. emoji C. meme
B. infographics D. tiktok

9. What is a collection of imagery, charts and minimal text that gives an easy-to-
understand overview of a topic?
A. infographics C. slideshows
B. typhography D. videos

10. What type of visual media file that is virtually used in all modern cameras as
their default setting?
A. GIF C. PNG
B. JPEG D. TIFF

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 What I Need to Know

Great job in doing so well to reach this fifth module of the Second Quarter in
Media and Information Literacy! In the previous module, you have learned more
about text and information media. This time, you will gain more knowledge on the
topic Visual and Information Media. There is a need to understand this form of media
because most studies show that this is the most effective way to deliver a message
since it is available and can be easily perceived.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the different types of visual content;
2. describe the purposes of visual media and information; and
3. analyze the design principles and elements used in each visual media.

What’s
•
In

A meme is a relatively new visual phenomenon in which text is added to a

well-known image. You’ve probably seen quite a few appearing on social media sites
in the past. An internet meme is a concept or idea that spreads "virally" from one
person to another via the internet. The most common meme is an image of a person
or animal with a funny or witty caption.

Activity 1. Memes and I

In a short paragraph with 3-5 sentences, give your interpretation of the meme
shown in the picture. As a review of the lesson in the previous module, include in
your interpretation the basic elements in using a text-based presentation.

Source: https://bit.ly/3oWINbC

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 Very good composition! For sure you were able to explain well. Your knowledge
about text information and media is exceptional. However, do you find it helpful when
a text is presented with a picture?

Now, let’s try to focus more about visuals and their value in our daily lives.
Continue doing the activities found in this module.

What’s New

Activity 1. Reading Infographics

Study the images shown below and answer each question in 1-2 sentences.
Use a separate piece of paper to write your responses.

The Power of Visual Content by DemandGen Report (2014)

Source: https://bit.ly/3l0XAzt

Guide Questions:
1. What percentage of people respond better to visual information than plain
text?
2. How many percent of words on a web page is read by the average user?
3. Do you think this infographic has a better way of presenting the results of
the survey? Why?

Definitely! You have surely made your points clear. The image shown above is
an example of an infographic. An infographic is a collection of imagery, charts, and
minimal text that gives an easy-to-understand overview of a topic. These images use
striking, engaging visuals to communicate information quickly and clearly.

Infographics are a valuable tool for visual communication. The most visually
unique, creative infographics are often the most effective, because they grab our
attention and don’t let go. Let’s continue learning more about visual information and
media.

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 What is It

Visual information and media are materials, programs, applications and the
like those teachers and students use to formulate new information to aid learning
through the use, analysis, evaluation, and production of visual images. The primary
purpose of visual information is to gain attention, create meaning, and facilitate
retention.

These are different types of visual media:

- photography
- video
- screenshots
- infographics
- data visualization (charts and graphs)
- comic strips/cartoons
- memes
- visual notetaking

Formally produced visual media are visual media produced by formal

organizations such as schools, government, and established media/publishing
outfits are considered formally produced. Other visual media are considered
informally produced.

Common Visual Media File Types

JPEG vs PNG vs GIF – What’s the difference?

Whether you’re browsing the web on a

PC, scrolling on a tablet, or thumbing through
a magazine, there’s one universal commonality
– high quality imagery. As technology has
improved, the graphics in what we read and
browse daily has become consistently sharp.
While this looks easy enough to an end user,
anyone working with images on a routine basis
knows how much complexity there can be.
https://tinyurl.com/49na7nuk

Whether you’re working with images for web or for print use, GIF, JPEG and
PNG are the most common file formats that you’re going to encounter. Chances are
you’ve heard of these but don’t have a clear grasp on what the technical differences
are or how to know which one to use.

GIF
The oldest of the three, GIF images have been around since the late 1980s.
The compression format is lossless, which means that you can save the file over and

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over and the quality won’t degrade. These are strong advantages to the standard, as
a GIF file takes up significantly less space than an uncompressed image while not
sacrificing quality.

This makes GIF a format best suited for basic images such as logos or simple
drawings. A photograph saved as a GIF would suffer from a loss of color depth and
shading. GIF supports animation. This makes it ideal for use in a few scenarios where
it might otherwise not be. Sports blogs and websites have started to use GIF images
to show highlights. Unlike a video, a GIF can play directly in a mobile browser, letting
writers use it to show clips that are being referenced in the writing.

Best for: Logos, simple graphics, animations, and video clips where image
quality isn’t a high priority.
Avoid it for: Saving photos, printed documents or graphics that need a large
color palette.

JPEG
The JPEG format is virtually synonymous with digital photography. Virtually
all modern cameras offer it as a default setting. This is owed to the fact that the
standard offers what basically is an unlimited color palette. The compression
algorithms keep the file size that’s smaller than what a GIF file produces without
limiting the colors you can use. The overall quality of the image will be degraded
since JPEG uses lossy compression. This might sound concerning, but it’s rare for it
to be an issue if the creator of the file uses the correct settings.

There can also be a bit of a learning curve with using JPEG. The standard
allows for the user to adjust the ratio of picture quality to file size. For most people
this boils down to trial and error. If you play with saving photos of varying color
complexity at different quality levels, you’ll soon develop a feel for the safe range of
compression.

Best for: Photographs and graphics that involve gradients or other broad
color ranges.
Avoid it for: Logos and line drawings.

PNG
As the youngest of the image formats, the PNG standard is a bit of a mixed
bag. It’s not a format that you’ll use all the time, but it does have its uses. There are
two variants of the format: PNG-8 offers lossless compression on an indexed color
palette, while PNG-24 offers lossless compression with the same support for
thousands of colors that you would find in a JPEG.

Best for: Situations where you might otherwise use a GIF but don’t need
it to animate, or when you need better transparency
functionality than a GIF.

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 High-resolution or high-contrast images that will ultimately
make their way to print, or similar images for web use that
require transparency.

Avoid it for: Anything that needs animation or where file sizes need to be
minimized.
Photos that will be hosted on the web.

Visual Design Elements

Visual design elements are the basic things that can be seen in any visual
media. Design principles are ways of arranging the elements better. Applying design
principles is sometimes known as composition. The right combination of design
elements used according to design principles can effectively communicate your visual
instructional message. Learning about design elements and principles will help you
create and evaluate visual images.

The design elements are:

a. Line – describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be

thick or thin. Lines may be actual, implied, vertical, horizontal,
diagonal, or contour lines.

Example: Vertical vs. Horizontal line

https://tinyurl.com/y87cu3fb https://tinyurl.com/ymday26s

b. Shape – usually a geometric area that stands out from the space next to
or around it, or because of differences in value, color, or texture.
Shape may also be organic.

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 https://tinyurl.com/dzh27wd3

c. Value – the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between
black and white and all the tones in between. Value can be used
with color as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme
changes between values.

https://tinyurl.com/6ya84h8m

d. Texture – the way a surface feels or is perceived

to feel. Texture can be added to
attract or repel interest to a visual
element. Visual texture is the illusion
of the surfaces peaks and valleys,
resulting in a feeling of smoothness
or roughness in objects.

https://tinyurl.com/72mwkrbd

e. Color – determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of the

hue), and value (lightness or darkness of hue). Color and color
combination can play a large role in the design. Color may be
used for emphasis or may elicit emotions from viewers. Color
maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role in our visual
perception, as it influences our reactions about the world around
us. It is therefore important to create color palettes that evoke
the appropriate audience reactions. Color has three properties.

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 https://tinyurl.com/dzh27wd3

f. Form – a figure having volume

and thickness. An
illusion of a 3-
dimensional object can
be implied with the use of
light and shading. Form
can be viewed from many
angles.

https://tinyurl.com/7ukycnkr
Visual design principles are:

a. Consistency – Consistency of
margins, typeface,
typestyle, and colors is
necessary, especially in
slide presentations or
documents that are more
than one page. The
picture on the right
shows an example of an
infographic that has
consistency. Source: https://bit.ly/34RwGo6

b. Center of interest – an area that first

attracts attention in a composition.
This area is more important when
compared to the other objects or
elements in a composition. This can be
by contrast of values, more colors, and
placement in the format.

Source: https://bit.ly/368vrAu

c. Balance – a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc.

Balance can be symmetrical and evenly balanced, or asymmetrical and
unevenly balanced. Objects, values, colors, textures, shapes, forms,
etc. can be used in creating balance in a composition.

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 Source: https://bit.ly/2I5ZnVD

d. Harmony – brings together a composition with

similar units. If for example your
composition was using wavy lines and
organic shapes, you would stay with those
types of lines and not put in just one
geometric shape. (Notice how similar
Harmony is to Unity - some sources list
both terms). The picture on the right shows
that harmony can be achieved through
repetition and rhythm.
e. Contrast – offers some change in value creating
a visual discord in a composition. Contrast
shows the difference between shapes and
can be used as a background to bring
objects out and forward in a design. It can
also be used to create an area of emphasis.

Source: https://bit.ly/3mTi3Xk

f. Directional Movement – a visual flow through

the composition. It can be the suggestion
of motion in a design as you move from
object to object by way of placement and
position. Directional movement can be
created with a value pattern. It is with
the placement of dark and light areas
that you can move your attention
through the format.
Source: https://bit.ly/389m1an

g. Rhythm – a movement in which some

elements recur regularly. Like a dance,
it will have a flow of objects that will
seem to be like the beat of music.

Source: https://bit.ly/3jVbylg

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 h. Perspective – created through the arrangement of
objects in two-dimensional space to look like they
appear in real life. Perspective is a learned meaning
of the relationship between different objects seen in
space.
https://tinyurl.com/x9s9frx6

What’s More

Let us check your knowledge on the topics presented in the module. Carefully
read the instructions and do the activities that follow.

Activity 1. Design Elements

Identify the design elements that are evident in the images shown in each
number. Use another piece of paper to write down your answers.

1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________

Source: https://bit.ly/367JTsc Source: https://bit.ly/2I7t1tA Source: https://bit.ly/2JvLU9X

4. ____________ 5. ____________

Source: https://bit.ly/2JvLU9X Source: https://bit.ly/2JvLU9X

Did you get it all right? I’m sure you did! Let’s continue doing another activity.

Activity 2. Graphic Novel Content

A graphic novel is another example of a form of a visual media that contains

text which combines words and images. Below is a scene from the story Prince of
Persia which was transformed into a graphic novel. Your task is to create a story that
relates to the scenes found in the graphic novel. Refer to the given criteria as to the
basis on how you will be graded. Write your story in a short bond paper.

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 Criteria:
Sequencing – 5 pts.
Story Lines – 5 pts.
Style and Tone – 5 pts.
Total: 15 pts.

Source: https://bit.ly/2TZlL5j

What a great story! It is assuring that you were able to understand the lesson
in this module. Continue with the next activity to check your understanding about
infographics.

Activity 3. Tips in Infographics

Here is another infographic we have surely seen in one of the local channels
on TV. Examine the image carefully and answer the questions in 2-3 sentences. Write
your responses in another piece of paper.

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 Questions:
1. Who created the
infographic?
2. What is the
purpose of the
infographic?
3. What visual design
principles are
evident in the
infographic?

Source: https://bit.ly/3mXUqxb

What I Have Learned

I learned that…
• The different types of visual content are:
photography data visualization (charts and graphs)
video visual notetaking
screenshots infographics
comic strips/cartoons memes
• The primary purpose of visual information is to gain attention, create
meaning, and facilitate retention.
• The design elements used in visual information and media are:
line value color
shape texture form
• The design principles used in visual and information media are:
consistency balance contrast
center of interest harmony directional movement
rhythm perspective

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 What I Can Do

As we experience a global pandemic

nowadays, we can see various infographics
that are useful to remind people on the
practices or activities that should be done
to minimize the ill effects of the crisis. The
picture on the right is an example presented
to us by DOH to remind people the proper
handwashing to stop the spread of the
virus.

Now, you are tasked to create an

infographic that will align to the appropriate
ways and means on how we can surpass
this pandemic. Make sure to use the
different design principles and elements in https://tinyurl.com/efyu69ar
creating a visual information and media. Your outputs must be placed in a short
bond paper. For those who can access the internet and with gadget, choose any
application to help you make the infographics. For students, with limited resources,
make a poster instead. Refer to the given rubric as your guide in creating the
infographic.

Infographic Rubrics:
Category 10 pts. 8 pts. 6 pts. 4 pts.
Appropriate Most detailss Few details No details to
details support support support
support main main idea. main idea. main idea.
idea. Accurate Accurate Lacking Information is
and detailed information accurate not accurate.
information. for almost all information. Information
Information subject Inadequate does not
Content
adequately matter. information support the
supports Information is is not clearly visual’s
purpose of mostly supportive purpose.
visual. adequate and of visual’s
supportive purpose.
of visual’s
purpose.
Several of the One or two of The graphics No graphics
graphics used the graphics are made by made by the
Graphics -
on the poster used on the the student student are
Originality
reflect an poster reflect but are based included.
exceptional student on the designs

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 degree of creativity in or ideas of
student their creation others.
creativity in and/or
their creation display.
and/or
display.
The The The The
infographic is infographic is infographic is infographic is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
Visual Appeal attractive in terms of attractive messy or very
terms of design, layout, though it may poorly
design, layout, and neatness. be a bit designed. It is
and neatness. messy. not attractive.
Capitalization There is 1 There are 2 There are
and error in errors in more than 2
punctuation capitalization capitalization errors in
Mechanics are correct or or capitalization
throughout punctuation. punctuation. or
the punctuation.
infographic.

Assessment

Read each statement or questions carefully, then choose the best answer that
relates to each item. Write only the letter on a separate piece of paper.

1. What do you call a visual design principle that showcases an area which is more
important compared to the other objects or elements in a composition?
A. balance C. contrast
B. harmony D. center of interest

2. Which of the following is an example of visual media that showcases a collection

of imagery, charts and minimal text that gives an easy-to-understand overview of
a topic?
A. meme C. infographics
B. imagery D. graphic novels

3. What is a common visual media file type that is best used for high-resolution
images for web use?
A. PNG C. TIFF
B. GIF D. JPEG

4. What is a visual design element that describes a shape or outline?

A. color C. line
B. form D. shape

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5. What is a movement in which some elements recur regularly?
A. balance C. perspective
B. harmony D. rhythm

6. What is created through the arrangement of objects in two-dimensional space to

look like they appear in real life?
A. consistency C. perspective
B. directional movement D. harmony

7. What shows the difference between shapes and can be used as a background to
bring objects out and forward in a design?
A. consistency C. harmony
B. contrast D. rhythm

8. What can be created with a value pattern and with the placement of dark and light
areas that can move attention through the format?
A. perspective C. harmony
B. consistency D. directional movement

9. What do you call the degree of light and dark in a design which can be used with
color as well as black and white?
A. color C. texture
B. value D. form

10. What is a figure that has volume and thickness which can be viewed from many
angles?
A. form C. shape
B. line D. texture

11. What type of visual media is shown in this image?

A. video
B. meme
C. infographics
D. comic strips

Source: https://bit.ly/34YpNRP

12. What is the purpose of this visual media?

A. to declare a contest
B. to show a video of an artists
C. to inform about an upcoming concert
D. to portray a picture of a known artist

Source: https://bit.ly/38jFuoG

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13. What visual design principle is evidently shown in the picture?
A. balance
B. consistency
C. harmony
D. center of interest

Source: https://bit.ly/34Z0C1A

14. What visual design principle is achieved in this

picture?
A. balance
B. contrast
C. consistency
D. directional movement

Source: https://bit.ly/3kYBKNd

15. What type of visual media is shown in these images?

A. typography
B. infographics
C. comic strips/cartoons
D. data visualization/charts

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 Answer Key

5. Value
4. Form
3. Shape
2. Texture
1. Line
Activity 1
What’s More

References:

Wilson, Carolyn; Grizzle, Anton; Tuazon, Ramon; Akyempong; Kwane; Cheung, Chi-
Kim (2011). Media and Information Literacy: Curriculum for Teachers. UNESCO
Press ISBN 978-92-3-104198-3 (EN); 978-959-18-07; 978-959-18-0787-8 (ES)

Nediger, M. (2020). What is an Infographic? Examples, Templates & Design Tips.

https://venngage.com/blog/what-is-an-infographic/

Ping, Arniel (2017). Visual Information and Media (Part 1 and 2). PPT No. 25-26

Stewart, J. (2019). How the Elements of Art Shape Creativity.

https://mymodernmet.com/elements-of-art-visual-
culture/#:~:text=Line%2C%20color%2C%20shape%2C%20form,to%20be%20taken
%20into%20consideration.

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