Abnormal Psychology 17th Edition Butcher Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Abnormal Psychology 17th Edition
Butcher Test Bank

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Chapter 11
Substance-Related Disorders
Section 1 Test Item File ......................................................................................................................... 510

Multiple-Choice Questions ................................................................................................................. 510
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions ................................................................................................................. 537
Short-Answer Questions ..................................................................................................................... 539
Essay Questions .................................................................................................................................. 542
Section 2 Revel Multiple Choice Assessment Questions ...................................................................... 545

End-of-Module Quiz ........................................................................................................................... 545
End-of-Chapter Quiz ........................................................................................................................... 556
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
508
TOTAL
ASSESSMENT Chapter 11
GUIDE Substance-Related Disorders
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied
Learning Objective 11.1 Multiple Choice 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 1, 4, 11, 12 3, 6, 20, 24,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 29, 30
22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31
Fill in the Blank 105, 106
Short Answer 115, 116, 117, 118
Essay 126
Learning Objective 11.2 Multiple Choice 32, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 35, 37, 39, 36, 38, 54, 55
43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 47, 48, 51
52, 53, 56, 57
Fill in the Blank 107
Short Answer 120 119, 122 121
Essay 127, 128
Learning Objective 11.3 Multiple Choice 60, 61, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71 59, 65 58, 62, 63,
64, 67, 72
Short Answer 123 124
Essay 129
Learning Objective 11.4 Multiple Choice 73, 75, 76, 77 74
Short Answer
Essay
Learning Objective 11.5 Multiple Choice 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 83
Short Answer
Essay
Learning Objective 11.6 Multiple Choice 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,
90, 91
Short Answer
Essay
Learning Objective 11.7 Multiple Choice 92, 93, 94, 96, 97 95
Short Answer
Essay
Learning Objective 11.8 Multiple Choice 98, 99, 101 100
Short Answer
Essay
Learning Objective 11.9 Multiple Choice 102, 103, 104
Short Answer 125
Essay
509
Chapter 11 Substance-Related Disorders
Section 1 Test Item File

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder?

a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.
b. The most effective treatments are psychological.
c. Neurochemical imbalances underlie the problematic behaviors observed.
d. Substance abuse frequently develops in an attempt to self-medicate negative mood states.
Answer: a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 385
Skill: Understand the Concepts
Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence.
2. Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves

________
a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.
b. continued use despite social and occupational problems.
c. pathological use of the substance.
d. the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using.
Answer: a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 385
Skill: Remember the Facts
3. Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same
effect. This is an example of ________
a. a psychoactive substance abuse disorder.
b. tolerance.
c. withdrawal symptoms.
d. an organic impairment.
Answer: b. tolerance.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 385
Skill: Apply What You Know
510
4. The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms ________
a. indicates that substance abuse has developed.
b. is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse.
c. is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated.
d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.
Answer: d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 385
5. Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-term substance
use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity?
a. Alcohol amnestic disorder
b. Alcoholic intoxication
c. Amphetamine delusional disorder
d. Cannabis delirium
Answer: a. Alcohol amnestic disorder
Difficulty: 2
Page: 391
6. Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences
profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd ________
a. has an organic impairment.
b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.
c. cannot be diagnosed with substance dependence.
d. has developed a tolerance for alcohol.
Answer: b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 385
7. Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5?

a. Alcoholism
b. Alcoholic Syndrome Disorder
c. Substance-Interdependence Disorder
d. Alcohol Use Disorder
Answer: d. Alcohol Use Disorder
Difficulty: 1
Page: 388
511
8. Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate?
a. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent.
b. The average life span of an alcoholic is 12 years shorter than the average citizen.
c. Although alcohol impairs motor behavior, it does not lower performance on complex cognitive
tasks.
d. Alcohol abuse is a “pure” disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a
coexisting mental disorder.
Answer: b. The average life span of an alcoholic is 12 years shorter than the average citizen.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 386
9. Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use?

a. Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal.
b. Alcoholism is more common in women that in men.
c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.
d. Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts.
Answer: c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 387
10. Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism?

a. Panic disorder
b. Obsessive compulsive disorder
c. Dissociative amnesia
d. Depression
Answer: d. Depression
Difficulty: 1
Page: 387
11. Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future ________
a. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will increase.
b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.
c. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will increase.
d. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will decrease.
Answer: b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 387
512
12. Of the following, who is most likely to be an alcoholic?
a. A woman with no criminal history
b. A woman with multiple children
c. A male with a personality disorder
d. A male with multiple children
Answer: c. A male with a personality disorder
Difficulty: 2
Page: 387
13. Alcohol’s effect on ________ explains its ability to impair judgment.

a. dopamine
b. epinephrine
c. glutamate
d. endogenous opioids
Answer: c. glutamate
Difficulty: 2
Page: 388
14. At low levels, alcohol’s effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol’s effect is
________.
a. to inhibit glutamate (an excitatory neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins
b. too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory
c. depressive; excitatory
d. to activate the brain’s “pleasure centers”; depress brain functioning
Answer: d. to activate the brain’s “pleasure centers”; depress brain functioning
Difficulty: 1
Page: 388
15. The cause of alcohol hangovers is not well understood, but leading theories include ________
a. opiods.
b. excess glutamate
c. dehydration.
d. vitamin B deficiency.
Answer: c. dehydration.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 389
513
16. What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a blood alcohol content of
0.08) should be changed?
a. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much lower blood alcohol levels.
b. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much higher blood alcohol levels.
c. Few people show any impairment at this blood alcohol level.
d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.
Answer: d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 388-389
17. The typical course of alcohol-related disorder is ________

a. always a continuous and gradual decline.
b. a rapid decline followed by abstinence.
c. a gradual decline followed by increasing physical problems.
d. usually progresses from early to late stage disorder.
Answer: d. usually progresses from early to late stage disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 389
18. Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol ________

a. may actually be a safety device.
b. means a person has not yet developed tolerance.
c. means that a person’s blackouts have worsened and increased over time.
d. may be the result of an allergic reaction to alcohol.
Answer: a. may actually be a safety device.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 389
19. Which of the following is a misconception about alcohol?

a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic.
b. Alcohol can interfere with sleep.
c. Mixing different types of alcohol does not make people more drunk than the same amount of a
single type.
d. Drinking coffee does not counteract the effects of alcohol.
Answer: a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 387
514
20. Which of the following best explains why women tend to not “hold their booze” as well as men?
a. Women tend to eat less.
b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.
c. Women usually drink more quickly than men.
d. Women tend to drink mixed drinks, while men prefer beer.
Answer: b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 389
21. Cirrhosis of the liver ________

a. is a rare complication of alcoholism.
b. is due to an allergic-type reaction of the body to alcohol.
c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.
d. is debilitating but rarely fatal.
Answer: c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 390
22. Heavy drinking during pregnancy can cause ________

a. fetal alcohol syndrome.
b. incomplete fusion of the spinal canal in the child.
c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child.
d. premature birth and higher rates of still-births.
Answer: a. fetal alcohol syndrome.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 390
23. Malnutrition ________

a. does not occur in alcoholics since alcohol provides both calories and nutrients.
b. only occurs when alcoholics are destitute and not able to afford to purchase food.
c. may occur in alcoholics since alcohol interferes with the body’s ability to use nutrients.
d. is rare among alcoholics because alcohol is most commonly consumed with food.
Answer: c. may occur in alcoholics because alcohol interferes with the body’s ability to use nutrients.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 390
515
24. Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because ________
a. alcohol has few calories.
b. alcohol impairs the body’s ability to utilize nutrients.
c. alcoholism impairs her ability to choose healthy foods.
d. alcoholism causes people to lose their appetites.
Answer: b. alcohol impairs the body’s ability to utilize nutrients.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 390
25. Alcohol amnestic disorder may occur due to ________

a. low thiamine levels.
b. decreased GABA levels.
c. high opioid levels.
d. impaired serotonergic functioning.
Answer: a. low thiamine levels.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 391
26. Alcohol withdrawal delirium ________

a. occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously.
b. most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder.
c. typically lasts from three to six days.
d. is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms.
Answer: c. typically lasts from three to six days.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 391
27. Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are ________
a. alcoholic tolerance and alcoholic withdrawal.
b. what used to be called “alcohol dependence” and “alcohol withdrawal.”
c. what used to be called “delirium tremens” and “Korsakoff’s syndrome.”
d. alcohol intoxication and alcohol amnestic disorder.
Answer: c. what used to be called “delirium tremens” and “Korsakoff’s syndrome.”
Difficulty: 2
Page: 391
516
28. Korsakoff’s syndrome is now known as ________
a. alcoholic withdrawal.
b. alcohol withdrawal delirium.
c. delirium tremens.
d. alcohol amnestic disorder.
Answer: d. alcohol amnestic disorder.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 391
29. When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented,
hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing ________
a. a severe hangover.
b. alcohol withdrawal delirium.
c. alcohol amnestic disorder.
d. alcohol-induced psychosis.
Answer: b. alcohol withdrawal delirium.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 391
30. Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with
alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which
of the following behaviors?
a. Delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep
b. Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations
c. Severe memory deficit and the tendency to falsify reporting events (confabulation)
d. Prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure
Answer: b. Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations
Difficulty: 1
Page: 391
31. The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is ________

a. the presence of hallucinations.
b. a deep sleep, following which the individual has no memory of past events.
c. acute fear and extreme suggestibility.
d. a memory defect for recent events.
Answer: d. a memory defect for recent events.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 391
517
32. Concerning the causes of alcoholism, ________
a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of
alcohol dependence.
b. there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty
metabolism.
c. most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in
men, but not in women.
d. the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature.
Answer: a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types
of alcohol dependence.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 392
Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in
alcohol abuse and dependence.
33. All drugs that people become dependent upon ________

a. are socially acceptable.
b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain.
c. provide the user with renewed energy.
d. produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased.
Answer: b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 392
34. What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)?

a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.
b. It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder.
c. It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs.
d. It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns.
Answer: a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 392
518
35. Studies of the genetics of alcoholism ________
a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited.
b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to “run in families” is a result of
environmental or biological factors.
c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol
abuse.
d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism.
Answer: c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol
abuse.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 393
36. James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is ________
a. nearly 100 percent.
b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
c. no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
d. about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents.
Answer: b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 393
37. Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics ________
a. experience more pleasure when they ingest alcohol than nonalcoholic men.
b. experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic
men.
c. tend to be more impulsive than the general population.
d. respond less dramatically to alcohol related-cues than nonalcoholic men.
Answer: b. experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic
men.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 393
519
38. Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality?
a. Tim, who is shy, anxious, and withdrawn.
b. Brian, who is organized, detail-oriented, and ambitious.
c. Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning.
d. Art, who is frequently depressed and has a low level of self-esteem.
Answer: c. Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 393
39. Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are ________ than among European peoples. This
fact may be related to ________.
a. higher; genetic differences in the sensitivity of the MCLP
b. higher; genetic differences in the ability to metabolize alcohol
c. lower; religious differences in the acceptability of alcohol
d. lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol
Answer: d. lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol
Difficulty: 2
Page: 393
40. The “alcohol flush reaction” ________
a. is seen during alcohol withdrawal.
b. produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature.
c. results from an inability to metabolize alcohol.
d. might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen among Native American peoples.
Answer: c. results from an inability to metabolize alcohol.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 393
41. One limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that ________
a. not enough research has been done using twins.
b. there are so many cultural differences in the use of alcohol that it blurs the genetic differences.
c. there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not
become alcoholics).
d. there has been too much of a focus on the study of the nonalcoholic children of alcoholics.
Answer: c. there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not
become alcoholics).
Difficulty: 2
Page: 393
520
42. Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol?
a. Overly sensitive to the feelings of others
b. High tolerance for frustration
c. Strong need for praise and admiration
d. Over-certainty of ability to fulfill expected gender roles
Answer: c. Strong need for praise and admiration
Difficulty: 2
Page: 393
43. Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use?
a. Overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges
b. Restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs
c. Restricting the expression of positive emotions
d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent’s activities
Answer: d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent’s activities
Difficulty: 1
Page: 394
44. Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ________ than those at
low risk.
a. impulsive
b. vain
c. dependent
d. submissive
Answer: a. impulsive
Difficulty: 1
Page: 393
521
45. Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate?
a. Since alcohol has a negative effect on neurotransmitters, it is extremely rare for people with
schizophrenia to become alcohol or drug dependent.
b. Since alcohol has an anti-anxiety effect, most of the people who are alcohol dependent and have
another disorder suffer from generalized anxiety disorder.
c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality
disorder.
d. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is obsessive compulsive
personality disorder.
Answer: c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality
disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 394
46. The individual with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol?
a. Borderline personality disorder
b. Antisocial personality disorder
c. Dissociative identity disorder
d. Somatization disorder
Answer: b. Antisocial personality disorder
Difficulty: 1
Page: 394
47. According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism, ________

a. alcoholics drink more because they are under greater stress.
b. all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk
for alcoholism.
c. alcoholics do not get “high” when they drink, they merely experience a decrease in negative
mood states.
d. alcohol’s ability to alleviate tension should be enhanced in those with a genetic susceptibility to
alcoholism.
Answer: b. all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased
risk for alcoholism.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 395
522
48. The tension-reduction model of alcoholism ________
a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking
while others are not.
b. suggests that alcoholism is environmentally determined.
c. proposes that alcoholism is an incurable disease.
d. provides an explanation for the role that personality traits play in the development of alcohol
abuse.
Answer: a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking
while others are not.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 395
49. The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that ________
a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking.
b. the final common pathway of alcohol use is motivation.
c. alcoholics are especially intolerant of stress, and thus susceptible to the tension-reducing
properties of alcohol.
d. marital partners may enable one another to continue drinking.
Answer: a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 395
50. The reciprocal influence model is best described as a ________ explanation for teen drinking.
a. behavioral
b. cognitive
c. psychodynamic
d. sociocultural
Answer: b. cognitive
Difficulty: 1
Page: 395
523
51. The reciprocal influence model suggests that ________
a. teens will start drinking early no matter what.
b. it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking.
c. it would be hard to interrupt the cycle because most teens’ expectancies about drinking are
accurate.
d. even with different expectancies, teens still drink.
Answer: b. it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 395
52. Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during ________

a. a period of great success in an individual’s life.
b. old age.
c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship.
d. the transition to middle age.
Answer: c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 395
53. A moderating variable is ________

a. something that makes a person more or less likely to inherit a disorder such as alcoholism.
b. something that influences the connection between two other variables.
c. something that causes alcoholics not to have as strong a reaction to alcohol as earlier.
d. something that causes some alcoholics not to have as much impairment as others.
Answer: b. something that influences the connection between two other variables.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 395
54. An example of a moderating influence would be ________

a. the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol.
b. a wife enabling her husband to continue drinking by making excuses for him.
c. a gene that reduces the chances of a person becoming an alcoholic.
d. the impact of therapy on the divorce and suicide rates of alcoholics.
Answer: a. the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 395
524
55. Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain his frequent
absences to his boss, their friends, and their children. This is an example of ________
a. how marriages of alcoholics often last a long time.
b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking.
c. how marriage can increase the risk of alcoholism.
d. why most alcoholics rate their marriages as successful.
Answer: b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 395
56. Binge drinking in college ________

a. is not as common as most people think.
b. leads to alcoholism later in life.
c. can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems.
d. leads to more problems for men than women.
Answer: c. can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 396
57. The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because ________
a. individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily
available.
b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption.
c. members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly.
d. strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders.
Answer: b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 397
525
58. Rosa has been admitted to the hospital and is in acute alcohol withdrawal. She is given the drug
_________, which is in a category of drugs that has largely revolutionized the treatment of
withdrawal. symptoms.
a. Vitamin B.
b. Narcan.
c. Antabuse.
d. Valium.
Answer: d. Valium.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 398
Learning Objective: 11.3: Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders.
59. Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment?
a. The availability of alcohol
b. The detoxification process
c. Overcoming denial
d. Finding a suitable treatment program
Answer: c. Overcoming denial
Difficulty: 1
Page: 397
60. Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism?

a. To minimize withdrawal
b. To minimize cravings
c. To make alcohol aversive
d. To prevent alcohol from acting on the brain’s reward system
Answer: b.V To minimize cravings
Difficulty: 1
Page: 398
61. What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism?

a. While it lessens cravings, it does nothing to improve negative mood states.
b. There is a risk of dependence.
c. It has to be administered intravenously.
d. Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.
Answer: d. Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 397
526
62. Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least 10 years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his
occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and
Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say ________
a. “Alcohol is my enemy but I don’t think I am strong enough to combat it.”
b. “I have an addictive personality and without help, I will never overcome my addiction.”
c. “You have a very good point; I need to do some serious thinking about getting treatment.”
d. “Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem.”
Answer: d. “Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem.”
Difficulty: 2
Page: 397
63. Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam’s
medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth’s medication reduces her craving for
alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking ________.
a. methadone; Naltrexone
b. Naltrexone; methadone
c. methadone; Antabuse
d. Antabuse; Naltrexone
Answer: d. Antabuse; Naltrexone
Difficulty: 2
Page: 397-398
64. The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is ________
a. group psychotherapy.
b. treating physical withdrawal symptoms.
c. the use of Antabuse.
d. the administration of antidepressants.
Answer: b. treating physical withdrawal symptoms.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 398
65. Aversive conditioning therapy for alcoholics ________
a. punishes the alcoholic for drinking by making him or her sick after drinking.
b. uses educational and life skills training to help the alcoholic understand the negative aspects of
drinking.
c. includes family members to try to help the alcoholic understand the harm his or her behaviors
have done.
d. involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock.
Answer: d. involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 399
527
66. Controlled drinking (i.e., teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation) ________
a. has been generally accepted as a useful treatment.
b. is incorporated in Brief Motivational Intervention
c. works better than complete abstinence.
d. seems to work for people with less severe alcohol problems.
Answer: d. seems to work for people with less severe alcohol problems.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 399
67. “I am a person who has an affliction—I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help
me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life.” The person who said this
would feel most comfortable in ________.
a. relapse prevention
b. Alcoholics Anonymous
c. aversive conditioning treatment
d. a replacement program
Answer: b. Alcoholics Anonymous
Difficulty: 1
Page: 399-400
68. In contrast to some other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous ________

a. offers both group and person-to-person support.
b. is successful, but only with severe alcoholics who have “hit bottom.”
c. uses primarily psychodynamic interventions, although advocates of AA would disagree.
d. has a low dropout rate.
Answer: a. offers both group and person-to-person support.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 399
69. Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate?

a. It showed that matching a client’s personality to a form of treatment makes no difference.
b. It proved that treatment based on Alcoholics Anonymous is superior to other forms of treatment.
c. It showed that treatments only work when they are carefully matched with the personality
profiles of the clients in them.
d. It proved that therapists must establish warm relationships with their clients in order for therapy
to be effective.
Answer: a. It showed that matching a client’s personality to a form of treatment makes no difference.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 401
528
70. Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective?
a. Inpatient treatment
b. Outpatient treatment
c. Twelve-step programs
d. All were about equal
Answer: d. All were about equal
Difficulty: 2
Page: 397
71. The abstinence violation effect is ________

a. the relapse rate percentage used in treatment outcome studies of addicts.
b. the effect that physiologically addicting drugs have in making continued abstinence difficult.
c. the tendency of an abstainer to relapse completely after a minor transgression.
d. the Alcoholics Anonymous phrase for relapsing.
Answer: c. the tendency of an abstainer to relapse completely after a minor transgression.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 401
72. What type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to
trigger drinking?
a. Alcoholics Anonymous
b. Motivational Enhancement Therapy
c. Relapse Prevention Treatment
d. Abstinence Violation Prevention
Answer: c. Relapse Prevention Treatment
Difficulty: 1
Page: 401
73. Which of the following is an opiate?

a. Alcohol
b. Codeine
c. Marijuana
d. Tobacco
Answer: b. Codeine
Difficulty: 1
Page: 402
Learning Objective: 11.4: List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with abuse and
dependence.
529
74. An estimated ________ Americans ages 12 years or older report using at least one illicit drug during
the past year
a. 2.16 million.
b. 5.28 million.
c. 21.6 million
d. 52.8 million .
Answer: c. 21.6 million.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 402
dependence.
75. Which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen?

a. Amphetamine
b. Cocaine
c. Ecstasy
d. Mescaline
Answer: c. Ecstasy
Difficulty: 1
Page: 413
dependence.
76. Which of the following drugs are chemically similar to MDMA (Ecstasy)?
a. Methamphetamine and LSD
b. Cocaine and mescaline
c. Methamphetamine and mescaline
d. Cocaine and LSD
Answer: c. Methamphetamine and mescaline
Difficulty: 2
Page: 402
dependence.
77. Illicit drug use is most common in what age group?

a. 8 to 12 year olds
b. 19 to 28 year olds
c. 35 to 47 year olds
d. 65 to 80 year olds
Answer: b. 19 to 28 year olds
Difficulty: 2
Page: 402
dependence.
530
78. Opium and heroin ________
a. were originally used by physicians as pain relievers.
b. have always been two of the most abused illegal drugs.
c. induce euphoria but do not reduce pain.
d. control pain only if they are used to cause unconsciousness.
Answer: a. were originally used by physicians as pain relievers.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 403
Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body.
79. In 2011, which of the following accounted for approximately 20 percent of all drug-related
emergency room admissions?
a. Cocaine
b. Ecstasy
c. Barbiturates
d. Heroin
Answer: d. Heroin
Difficulty: 2
Page: 403
80. Opium and its derivatives ________

a. typically take several months to produce physiological cravings.
b. cause withdrawal symptoms in addicts within approximately 8 hours of the last dose.
c. always cause near fatal withdrawal symptoms.
d. cause amnesia with long-term use.
Answer: b. cause withdrawal symptoms in addicts within approximately 8 hours of the last dose.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 404
81. The main reason addicts gave for beginning to use heroin was ________
a. pleasure.
b. pain reduction.
c. depression.
d. mental illness.
Answer: a. pleasure.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 405
531
82. Endorphins ________
a. have been found to play a role in ending drug use.
b. are opium-like substances produced by the body.
c. are opium-like substances created synthetically to replace heroin.
d. are overproduced in the brains of addicts.
Answer: b. are opium-like substances produced by the body.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 405
83. The use of methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence is comparable to ________
a. using naltrexone to treat alcoholism.
b. using Antabuse to treat alcoholism.
c. using a nicotine patch to aid in smoking cessation.
d. using antidepressants as an aid to smoking cessation.
Answer: c. using a nicotine patch to aid in smoking cessation.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 406
84. Who has the highest self-reported quit rate among smokers?
a. Young adults who have just started smoking
b. People who used nicotine replacement such as gum
c. People who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems
d. People who underwent cognitive behavior treatment
Answer: c. People who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems
Difficulty: 1
Page: 411
Learning Objective: 11.6: Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects.
85. ________ has its primary effect by blocking the presynaptic dopamine transporter, increasing the
availability of dopamine in the synapse.
a. Alcohol
b. Tobacco
c. LSD
d. Cocaine
Answer: d. Cocaine
Difficulty: 2
Page: 407
532
86. “Crack” is a form of ________
a. amphetamine.
b. cocaine.
c. ecstasy.
d. methamphetamine.
Answer: b. cocaine.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 407
87. Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate?

a. Because crack cocaine is inexpensive, users do not have the life problems seen in other addicted
populations.
b. Chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and a disinterest in sex.
c. Research suggests there is no fetal crack syndrome.
d. Because crack cocaine is associated with passivity and depression, chronic users are less likely
to die a violent death than other addicted populations.
Answer: c. Research suggests there is no fetal crack syndrome.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 407
88. Children of mothers who use crack ________

a. are likely to have fetal crack syndrome.
b. usually have no physical or mental problems.
c. are at risk for being mistreated by their mothers.
d. are at higher risk for anxiety disorders and ADHD.
Answer: c. are at risk for being mistreated by their mothers.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 407
89. Benzedrine is a(n) ________

a. amphetamine.
b. appetite stimulant.
c. narcotic.
d. cough suppressant.
Answer: a. amphetamine.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 408
533
90. Today physicians occasionally prescribe amphetamines for which of the following reasons?
a. Weight gain.
b. Staying awake, such as to drive or study.
c. Treating narcolepsy.
d. Treating depression in children.
Answer: c. Treating narcolepsy.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 408
91. Amphetamine psychosis resembles ________

a. acute hypertension.
b. Korsakoff’s syndrome.
c. paranoid schizophrenia.
d. borderline personality disorder.
Answer: c. paranoid schizophrenia.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 408
92. Which of the following has legitimate medical uses, but is associated with both physiological and
psychological dependence and lethal overdoses?
a. Cocaine
b. Barbiturates
c. Heroin
d. LSD
Answer: b. Barbiturates
Difficulty: 1
Page: 411
Learning Objective: 11.7: Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain.
93. Which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep?

a. Barbiturates
b. Mescaline
c. Morphine
d. Codeine
Answer: a. Barbiturates
Difficulty: 1
Page: 411
534
94. Impaired memory and concentration, sluggishness, lack of motor coordination, and brain damage
are side effects associated with excessive use of ________
a. stimulants.
b. antihistamines.
c. sedatives.
d. antidepressants.
Answer: c. sedatives.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 411
95. Which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates?

a. A teenaged boy who is often impulsive and aggressive
b. An undereducated member of a minority group who has antisocial personality disorder
c. An anxious young adult who takes the drugs to feel more confident
d. Middle-aged and older persons who cannot get to sleep without them
Answer: d. Middle-aged and older persons who cannot get to sleep without them
Difficulty: 2
Page: 412
96. Barbiturate withdrawal ________

a. is similar to withdrawal from cocaine and opium.
b. is more dangerous and long-lasting than opiate withdrawal.
c. causes psychological distress but no withdrawal symptoms.
d. lasts for a short time but is very painful.
Answer: b. is more dangerous and long-lasting than opiate withdrawal.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 412
97. Barbiturate withdrawal ________

a. usually lasts several months.
b. is purely psychological.
c. is far less serious than opiate withdrawal.
d. can be minimized by administering increasingly smaller doses.
Answer: d. can be minimized by administering increasingly smaller doses.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 412
535
98. The hallucinogenic properties of LSD was discovered by accident in 1938 by ________
a. Sigmund Freud.
b. Albert Hofmann.
c. Timothy Leary.
d. Corey Monteith.
Answer: b. Albert Hofmann.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 412
Learning Objective: 11.8: List four different types of hallucinogens.
99. An involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a
particular drug. The phenomenon is called ________; the drug is called ________.
a. amphetamine psychosis; amphetamine
b. a flashback; LSD
c. a rush; LSD
d. a blackout; alcohol
Answer: b. a flashback; LSD
Difficulty: 2
Page: 413
100. Brendan has been using marijuana daily for more than six years. If he stops using the drug, he might
experience ________
a. withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating.
b. a period of extreme depression and lethargy, but no physiological symptoms.
c. a potentially lethal withdrawal phase.
d. slowed reaction times, increased heart rate, and memory dysfunction.
Answer: a. withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 415
101. “Spice,” “K2,” and “Blaze” are names for ________________.

a. MDMA
b. LSD
c. Synthetic cannabinoids
d. Cannabis
Answer: c. Synthetic cannabinoids
Difficulty: 2
Page: 416
536
102. Pathological gambling seems to be________________
a. a learned pattern.
b. due to watching too much television.
c. due to a “gambling gene.”
d. due to consuming too much alcohol.
Answer: a. a learned pattern.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 416
Learning Objective: 11.9: Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs.
103. Which of the following behaviors is indicative of a gambling disorder?

a. Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling.
b. Is restless or irritable when gambling.
c. Only gambles “for fun” or when feeling “on top of the world.”
d. The gambling behavior is part of a manic episode.
Answer: a. Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 417
104. More positive outcomes have been reported when ____________ for gambling disorder.
a. aversive therapy is part of the treatment
b. medication is employed as part of the treatment
c. group therapy is included within the treatment plan
d. family relationship problems are addressed in the treatment.
Answer: d. family relationship problems are addressed in treatment.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 417
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
105. Substance abuse usually involves an excessive use of a substance, while __________ usually
involves a marked physiological need for the substance.
Answer: substance dependence
Difficulty: 1
Page: 385
537
106. An alcohol-related psychosis that was previously called Korsakoff’s syndrome is now known as
__________.
Answer: alcohol amnestic disorder
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref : 391
107. The __________ is the center of psychoactive drug activation in the brain.
Answer: mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)
Difficulty: 3
Page: 392
108. ________ is a treatment program for alcoholism that involves a fundamental spiritual change within
the individuals being treated.
Answer: Alcoholics Anonymous
Difficulty: 1
Page: 399
109. Heroin is classified as a __________.

Answer: opiate
Difficulty: 1
Page: 402
dependence.
110. _______________are opium-like substances that the body produces.

Answer: Endorphins
Difficulty: 1
Page: 405
111. A processed derivative of cocaine hydrochloride is __________.

Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 6
Page: 407
Answer: crack
538
112. Barbiturates are most commonly prescribed to allow for__________.
Answer: sleep
Difficulty: 1
Page: 411
113. The most potent of the hallucinogens is__________.

Skill: LSD
Difficulty: 1
Page: 412
114. About_____________ percent of the worldwide adult population are pathological gamblers.
Answer: 1 to 2
Difficulty: 1
Page: 416
Short-Answer Questions
115. Name and describe the two phenomena that are seen when a person has a physiological need for a
psychoactive substance.
Answer: Tolerance: the need for increased amounts of the substance to gain the desired effect.
Withdrawal: physical symptoms such as sweating or tremors that occur when a person abstains from the
substance.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 385
116. What is alcohol’s effect on the brain at low doses? What is its effect at high doses?
Answer: At low doses, alcohol activates the brain’s “pleasure center,” which releases endorphins and
produces a sense of well-being. At higher doses, alcohol depresses the excitatory neurotransmitter
glutamate, which slows brain activity. The effect is that it impairs learning, judgment, and self-control. At
higher levels coordination, speech, and vision are impaired. Eventually, a person passes out. If he or she
does not pass out, at concentrations above 0.55 percent, alcohol poisoning is fatal.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 388
539
117. Nutritional deficiencies are common in alcoholics. Provide two different reasons for this.
Answer: Alcohol is high in calories, but has no real nutritional value. Thus, the alcoholic may not eat
properly. Alcohol also compromises the body’s ability to use ingested nutrients, so even if food high in
nutritional value is ingested, the nutrients will not be fully available to the body.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 390
118. What causes alcohol amnestic disorder?

Answer: Alcohol amnestic disorder, also known as Korsakoff’s syndrome, is a result of a lack of vitamin
B (thiamine).
Difficulty: 2
Page: 391
119. Why do substances such as alcohol and cocaine develop an overpowering hold on people,
sometimes after only a few uses?
Answer: 1. Ability to activate areas of pleasure in the brain. 2. People’s biological makeup, such as genes,
and their environmental influences make them more susceptible.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 392-393
120. What factors might be inherited that put one at greater risk for developing alcoholism?
Answer: It has been demonstrated that personality variables such as impulsiveness and emotional
instability might be associated with a greater likelihood of developing alcoholism. Physiological
differences in responses to alcohol have also been seen in pre-alcoholic men with a family history of
alcoholism. It may be that those who are vulnerable to alcoholism derive more pleasure from alcohol use
and/or may have a larger conditioned response to alcohol-related cues.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 393
121. Why does the tension reduction hypothesis fail to explain the development of alcohol dependence?
Answer: If the sole explanation for the development of alcoholism could be accounted for by the ability
of alcohol to alleviate stress, the incidence of alcoholism would be much higher than it is.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 395
540
122. What evidence is there that cultural attitudes play a role in the development of alcohol abuse?
Answer: Cultural factors can either decrease or increase the likelihood of alcohol abuse. Muslims and
Mormons prohibit alcohol use, and Orthodox Jews limit its use to religious rituals. All three groups have
very low rates of alcoholism. In Europe, where half the alcohol in the world is consumed, alcohol abuse is
a big problem. France has the highest per capita alcohol consumption and death rate from cirrhosis.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 397
123. Name and describe the effects of two medications used in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Answer: Disulfiram (Antabuse): This drug deters drinking because it causes violent vomiting if a person
drinks after having it in the system. Naltrexone: This opiate antagonist helps reduce the craving for
alcohol and lowers the incentive to drink.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 397-398
124. Describe and give an example of the abstinence violation effect.

Answer: Just as when one cheats on a diet there may be a tendency to engage in a binge, the same is often
seen when the abstinent alcoholic slips. A single drink, a violation of abstinence, is likely to result in a
binge, and a loss of many gains achieved in treatment as the violation of abstinence is viewed as a sign of
failure.
Difficulty: 1
Page: 401
125. What is pathological gambling and why is it considered an addictive disorder when no chemically
addictive substances are involved?
Answer: Pathological gambling, also known as “compulsive gambling” or disordered gambling, is a
progressive disorder characterized by continuous loss of control over gambling, a preoccupation with
gambling and with obtaining money for gambling, and continuation of the gambling behavior in spite of
adverse consequences. It is considered to be an addictive disorder because of the personality factors that
tend to characterize compulsive gamblers. Like the substance abuse disorders, pathological gambling
involves behavior maintained by shortterm gains despite long-term disruption of an individual’s life.
Difficulty: 2
Page: 417
541
Essay Questions
126. How is Alcohol Use Disorder defined in the DSM-5? How do tolerance and withdrawal factor into
Alcohol Use Disorder?
Answer: DSM-5 defines Alcohol Use Disorder as a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to
clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of 11 key signs, occurring
within a 12-month period. Two of those signs are tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is defined as either
(a) a need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or desired effect, or (b) a
markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol. Withdrawal is manifested
by physical symptoms such as insomnia, headache, gastrointestinal distress, and tremulousness, and
sometimes alcohol withdrawal delirium (with the potential for convulsions, heart failure, or even death)
when alcohol is abstained from, and alcohol (or a closely related substance, such as a benzodiazepine)
relieves or prevents the withdrawal symptoms.. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 total points. 2 points for DSM-5
criteria, 3 points for defining tolerance and 3 points for defining withdrawal.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 385-391
127. What do all abused substances have in common? What are some inherited factors that might lead to
an increased vulnerability to substance abuse?
Answer: It would be expected that abused substances would share some common effects on the brain, and
there is evidence of this. It appears that drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, and opium all act on a system in
the brain that is involved in pleasure. Thus, these drugs act on a system in the brain that normally serves
to reward behaviors that are beneficial. While psychoactive drugs may have similar effects in the brain of
everyone, there is evidence that those with a genetic predisposition for substance abuse may show an
altered response to drugs. Males who are genetically predisposed to develop alcoholism, for example,
appear to feel greater stress reduction than others when they drink alcohol and show other physiological
differences in how they respond to alcohol. It is believed that these differences can explain the observed
role of genes in the development of substance use disorders. Altered drug responsiveness, as well as
personality traits, may be inherited and result in a greater risk of substance abuse and dependence.
GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total. 4 points for explanation of reward system involvement, 3 points for
each of two inherited factors that increase vulnerability.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 392-393
542
128. What is the evidence for and against genetics in alcoholism?
Answer: Having one or two parents with alcoholism increases the risk of a child also having it. Adopted
children whose biological parent had alcoholism have a higher risk than if their biological parent did not
have alcoholism, even if their adoptive parent did. Differences have been found in pre-alcoholic men—
men with alcoholic parents who are not yet alcoholic—such as different physiological reactions to alcohol
and greater conditioned response to alcohol cues. Certain ethnic groups have abnormal physiological
reactions to alcohol that seem to make them more or less likely to develop alcoholism. However, genetics
cannot fully explain the patterns and changes in alcoholism. Most children of alcoholics do not become
alcoholic, regardless of whether they were raised by their parents. Some studies have found no differences
in the children of alcoholics and the children of non-alcoholics. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points. 5 for
evidence for and 5 against.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 393-394
129. Describe two psychosocial causal factors in the development of alcohol abuse and dependence.
Answer: An acceptable answer includes any two of the following: 1. Failures in parental guidance—
alcoholic parents model the behavior, provide limited guidance and training. 2. Psychological
vulnerability—emotionally immature, expecting a lot of the world, needing lots of praise, low frustration
tolerance, impulsivity, and feeling inadequate to fulfill expected gender roles seem to describe an
alcoholic personality. These people have higher risk of developing alcoholism. Also the presence of
antisocial personality disorder increases risk. 3. Stress and tension reduction can reinforce drinking
behavior. 4. Expectations of social success—the reciprocal influence model—can increase risk. 5.
Relationship problems can increase drinking. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points, 5 for each causal factor.
Difficulty: 3
Page: 394
TOTAL
GUIDE Revel Multiple Choice Assessments
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied Analyze It
Learning Objective 11.1 EOM Q11.1.1 EOM Q11.1.3 EOM Q11.1.2
EOC Q11.1 EOM Q11.1.4
EOM Q11.1.5
EOC Q11.2
Learning Objective 11.2 EOM Q11.2.2 EOM Q11.2.1
EOC Q11.4 EOM Q11.2.3
EOM Q11.2.4
EOM Q11.2.5
EOC Q11.3
543
TOTAL
GUIDE Revel Multiple Choice Assessments
Learning Objective 11.3 EOM Q11.3.1
EOM Q11.3.2
EOM Q11.3.3
EOM Q11.3.4
EOM Q11.3.5
EOC Q11.5
Learning Objective 11.4 EOM Q11.4.1
EOM Q11.4.2
EOM Q11.4.3
EOC Q11.7
EOM Q11.5.2 EOM Q11.5.4
EOC Q11.9 EOC Q11.8
Learning Objective 11.6 EOC Q11.11 EOM Q11.6.1
EOM Q11.6.2
EOM Q11.6.3
EOM Q11.6.4
EOM Q11.6.5
EOC Q11.10
EOM Q11.7.2
EOM Q11.8.3 EOM Q11.8.4
EOM Q11.8.5 EOC Q11.12
EOC Q11.13 EOC Q11.14
EOM Q11.9.3
EOC Q11.15
544
Section 2 Revel Multiple Choice Assessment Questions
End-of-Module Quiz
EOM Q11.1.1
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines heavy episodic drinking as ________
a. the consumption of six or more alcoholic drinks on at least one occasion at least once per month.
b. the consumption of alcohol to the point of passing out at least twice per month.
c. the consumption of six or more alcoholic drinks within three hours or less at least twice per month.
d. a drinking pattern defined by the consumption of six or more drinks in a four-hour-or-less time
period at least once per week.
Answer: a. the consumption of six or more alcoholic drinks on at least one occasion at least once per
month.
Difficulty: 1
Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence.
EOM Q11.1.2
Barney, age 50, had been drinking heavily for the past 30 years. He has been sober for one year. Since
being sober, he has shown difficulty with remembering recent conversations with family and coworkers,
cannot recall the names of people he has met in the past six months, and appears confused and
disoriented. What DSM-5 alcohol-related disorder is consistent with these observations about Barney?
a. Alcohol amnestic disorder
b. Delirium tremens
c. Alcohol-related withdrawal syndrome
d. Alcohol abuse syndrome
Answer: a. Alcohol amnestic disorder
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.1.3
The deficits of alcohol amnestic disorder are the result of _________, more specifically, a(n)
____________ deficiency.
a. malnutrition; thiamine
b. organic brain impairment; loss of volume in the hippocampus
c. anemia; iron
d. chronic use of alcohol; overall brain volume
Answer: a. malnutrition; thiamine
Difficulty: 2
545
EOM Q11.1.4
Martin began drinking alcohol during college. He drinks daily. Initially, he drank a couple of beers each
evening. He now consumes 6 to 12 bottles of beer each evening. When asked why he drinks so much,
Martin replied, “It takes at least a six-pack to feel anything.” Martin’s increased need for alcohol to
achieve the same effects is an example of ________
a. tolerance.
b. withdrawal.
c. delirium tremens avoidance.
d. the effects of a deteriorating liver.
Answer: a. tolerance.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.1.5
Elaine’s mother drank frequently during her pregnancy. At birth, Elaine’s appearance was striking as she
was noted to have a low nasal bridge, ear abnormalities, and a thin upper lip. What would Elaine most
likely be diagnosed as having?
a. Fetal alcohol syndrome
b. Fetal alcohol effects
c. Down syndrome
d. Turner’s syndrome
Answer: a. Fetal alcohol syndrome
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.2.1
The alcohol flush response is caused by a(n) ________
a. mutant enzyme that fails to break down alcohol molecules in the liver during the metabolic process.
b. deficiency of the enzyme 2D6 in the liver which contributes to insufficient breakdown of alcohol
molecules.
c. insufficient quantity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach.
d. inability for catalase to metabolize sufficient quantities of alcohol in the brain.
Answer: a. mutant enzyme that fails to break down alcohol molecules in the liver during the metabolic
process.
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in
546
EOM Q11.2.2
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) indicates that approximately _____
college students drink alcohol and ____ of students who drink engage in binge drinking.
a. 4 out of 5; half
b. 2 out of 3; one-third
c. 2 out of 5; one-fourth
d. 1 out of 4; half
Answer: a. 4 out of 5; half
Difficulty: 1
EOM Q11.2.3
An alcohol-risk personality has been described as an individual who has an inherited predisposition
toward alcohol abuse, and who ________
a. is impulsive, prefers taking high risks, and is emotionally unstable.
b. scores high on the five-factor traits of neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience.
c. has a pre-existing psychological disorder such as anxiety or depression.
d. is aggressive, methodical, cautious, and controlling.
Answer: a. is impulsive, prefers taking high risks, and is emotionally unstable.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.2.4
The reciprocal-influence model suggests that adolescents begin drinking as a result of ________
a. expectations that using alcohol will increase their popularity and acceptance by their peers.
b. an attempt to reduce pressures associated with transitioning to the responsibilities of adult life.
c. an expectation that they will be seen as more mature by engaging in an activity that is associated
with adult social experiences.
d. social expectations that one should drink in order to be a member of one’s culture.
Answer: a. expectations that using alcohol will increase their popularity and acceptance by their peers.
Difficulty: 2
547
EOM Q11.2.5
The tension-reduction causal model is difficult to accept as a sole explanatory hypothesis for alcohol use
________
a. because if tension-reduction was the main factor, one would expect substance-abuse disorder to be
far more common since alcohol tends to reduce tension for most people who use it.
b. since most individuals who experience extreme levels of tension and who are in high-tension
occupations tend to have lower levels of substance abuse and dependence.
c. because over time, most individuals who abuse alcohol do not receive tension-reducing benefits
when they drink.
d. since low rates of alcohol abuse and dependence are found with individuals who score high on
measures of hypervigilance, a trait highly correlated with the subjective experience of tension.
Answer: a. because if tension-reduction was the main factor, one would expect substance-abuse disorder
to be far more common since alcohol tends to reduce tension for most people who use it.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.3.1
The drug naltrexone is used to treat alcohol use by ________
a. reducing the craving for alcohol by blocking its pleasure-producing effects.
b. causing violent vomiting when followed by ingestion of alcohol.
c. stabilizing brain chemistry during alcohol withdrawal.
d. inducing uncomfortable body reactions such as itching, hot flashes, and belching.
Answer: a. reducing the craving for alcohol by blocking its pleasure-producing effects.
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders.
EOM Q11.3.2
With aversive conditioning therapy, ________
a. the patient experiences the presentation of a wide range of noxious stimuli paired with alcohol
consumption in order to suppress drinking behavior.
b. the patient participates in family therapy sessions where family members confront the patient on
how his or her alcohol use has harmed them.
c. the patient makes a list of all the individuals he or she has harmed through substance abuse and
constructs a plan for making amends to those that he or she has harmed.
d. the patient reconstructs narratives he or she has about his or her substance use into self-denigrating
narratives.
Answer: a. the patient experiences the presentation of a wide range of noxious stimuli paired with alcohol
consumption in order to suppress drinking behavior.
Difficulty: 2
548
EOM Q11.3.3
Some detoxification clinics are concerned about the use of tranquilizers during the alcohol detoxification
phase of treatment because ________
a. tranquilizers do not promote long-term recovery and may simply transfer the addiction to another
substance.
b. tranquilizers may physically depress nervous system activity such as heart rate and blood pressure in
a person who is already experiencing a slow-down of nervous system function as a consequence of
chronic alcohol use.
c. tranquilizers have negative interactions with a number of medications that the patient may need for
other medical needs.
d. the calming effect of tranquilizers may reduce the sense of urgency that most persons in treatment
experience and, therefore, may inhibit treatment motivation.
Answer: a. tranquilizers do not promote long-term recovery and may simply transfer the addiction to
another substance.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.3.4
The “skills training procedure,” usually aimed at younger problem drinkers, consists of ________
a. cognitive-behavioral strategies of intervention with social-learning theory.
b. cognitive-behavioral strategies with psychodynamic insight-oriented treatment.
c. social learning constructs with medical treatment.
d. medical management of the addiction with stress-inoculation training.
Answer: a. cognitive-behavioral strategies of intervention with social-learning theory.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.3.5
Brief Motivational Intervention is ________
a. a therapy that attempts to encourage alcoholics to reduce alcohol intake without necessarily
abstaining altogether.
b. a twelve-step abstinence-based program.
c. not recommended for older, chronic alcohol users.
d. a technique that helps patients build a “self-esteem toolbox” of self-statements aimed at countering
negative self-beliefs.
Answer: a. a therapy that attempts to encourage alcoholics to reduce alcohol intake without necessarily
abstaining altogether.
Difficulty: 2
549
EOM 11.4.1
Drug abuse and dependence are most common during ________
a. adolescence and young adulthood.
b. old age.
c. middle-age.
d. young adulthood and middle-age.
Answer: a. adolescence and young adulthood.
Difficulty: 1
Learning Objective: 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with abuse and
dependence.
EOM 11.4.2
According to the Monitoring the Future Study, the annual prevalence rate of using any illicit drug is
______ for 12th graders.
a. 37 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 18 percent
d. 34 percent
Answer: a. 37 percent
Difficulty: 1
dependence.
EOM 11.4.3
Barbiturates are classified as ________
a. sedatives.
b. hallucinogens.
c. anti-anxiety drugs.
d. opiates.
Answer: a. sedatives.
Difficulty: 1
dependence.
EOM Q11.5.1
__________ is/are an opium-like substance that is produced in the brain and pituitary gland.
a. Endorphins
b. Dopamine
c. Serotonin
d. Acetylcholine
Answer: a. Endorphins
Difficulty: 1
Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body.
550
EOM Q11.5.2
If morphine is treated with the chemical acetic anhydride, it can be converted into another powerful
analgesic called ________
a. heroin.
b. hydrocodone.
c. oxycodone.
d. fentanyl.
Answer: a. heroin.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.5.3
Researchers note that some people have difficulty experiencing pleasure from naturally occurring rewards
that, to most people, are satisfying. Consequently, these individuals are compelled to seek out additional
sources of pleasure through activities such as drug use. This hypothesis is called the ________
a. reward deficiency syndrome hypothesis.
b. dopamine deficiency hypothesis.
c. endorphin replacement hypothesis.
d. dopamine suppression hypothesis.
Answer: a. reward deficiency syndrome hypothesis.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.5.4
___________ is a drug used in the treatment of heroin addiction. It is a partial antagonist drug that
produces the same feeling of contentment found in heroin but without the physical dependence found
with heroin use.
a. Buprenorphine
b. Methadone
c. Naltrexone
d. Naloxone
Answer: a. Buprenorphine
Difficulty: 2
551
EOM Q11.6.1
________ may have an anti-anxiety property; its use has been noted to be highly prevalent among those
with anxiety disorders.
a. Nicotine
b. Cocaine
c. Amphetamine
d. Caffeine
Answer: a. Nicotine
Difficulty: 2
Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects.
EOM Q11.6.2
A change in the DSM-5 criteria for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has resulted in
expanding the population of patients who can receive this diagnosis to now include adults. Concern has
been expressed that ________
a. the expansion could lead to widespread misuse of stimulant drugs for performance enhancement and
recreation use, adding to the already extensive problem of simulant abuse.
b. use of the drug by adults as a means of accomplishing more work might result in less attention paid
to developing a healthy work-relaxation balance.
c. the energy provided by the stimulant drugs can mask underlying fatigue associated with nutritional
deficits, a developing health problem, or a psychological issue such as depression.
d. an uptick in sleep-related disorders could occur as a result of expanded stimulant drug use.
Answer: a. the expansion could lead to widespread misuse of stimulant drugs for performance
enhancement and recreation use, adding to the already extensive problem of simulant abuse.
Difficulty: 2
EOM Q11.6.3
Drugs such as ____________ have been used as part of psychological therapy in treating cocaine
dependence as these drugs reduce cravings and increase the likelihood of treatment compliance.
a. naltrexone and methadone
b. naloxone and bupinorphine
c. antabuse
d. adderall and naloxone
Answer: a. naltrexone and methadone
Difficulty: 2
552
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Hier, une dizaine de soldats allemands s’amusaient devant
l’éléphant. La bête jetait tout le temps sa trompe en avant, mais
aucun des soldats ne savait ce que cela voulait dire. Je fis un clin
d’œil au gardien, pris une pièce de deux centimes dans mon porte-
monnaie et la jetai à l’éléphant. Il la ramassa et frappa violemment
contre les barreaux. Le gardien approcha ; il lui donna la pièce et
reçut en échange un morceau de pain dans sa gueule ouverte. La
joie des soldats ! Maintenant tous cherchaient des piécettes et les lui
jetaient. Le gardien eut une bonne récolte. Quand je partis, il me
salua gentiment. Nous étions de connivence, et je me promets de lui
servir encore souvent d’amorce.
La seule otarie qui reste crie affreusement toute la journée, en
s’étalant devant les deux cormorans, ses camarades, mais, quand
elle en approche trop près, ils lui donnent des coups de bec, et alors
l’otarie de crier. Le gardien me dit qu’elle se lamente ainsi parce
qu’elle est seule et que les cormorans ne veulent pas jouer avec
elle.
Quelle adorable créature d’avoir ainsi besoin d’affection !
8 avril 1915.
Ce sacré merle ! il vous en a une sérénité !

— Cher, tu m’enchantes !
Il est perché là, sur cette cheminée d’une maison abandonnée,
dominant les jardins en fleurs gaiement ensoleillés. Si on pouvait
annoter cette musique, quelle fraîcheur ! ou faire une grammaire de
cette langue naïve, quel imprévu !
Ah ! le voilà parti. Enfin on ne peut tout de même pas nous priver
de ce soleil, ni du chant de ces chéris, mais moi personnellement, je
n’arrive pas non plus à m’ôter la vision des étouffements des
tranchées, des cadavres, la bouche pleine de terre de l’avoir mordue
dans leur agonie, des yeux des morts ouverts, comme regardant le
ciel bleu au-dessus d’eux, des désespoirs dans les familles à
l’annonce de la mort, et j’entends l’exclamation : « Onze Robe ! »,
« Notre Marcel ! », « Unser Hans ! », « Our Dick ! ». Et les odeurs, les
odeurs… Ah ! mon Dieu ! Ah ! mon Dieu ! J’ai bien à écouter le chant
du merle !
28 avril 1915.
Journée radieuse. Depuis le premier avril, le directeur du jardin

zoologique a obtenu de la commandanture que les militaires
allemands doivent payer une entrée de vingt-cinq centimes. Le jardin
est envahi de soldats.
Il est en boutons, en bourgeons et en fleurs. Des parterres de
tulipes — l’harmonie des couleurs n’est pas toujours bien choisie —
des plates-bandes de pensées, de narcisses, et un gazouillement
adorable de tous les oiseaux dans les arbres. Ils trouvent dans ce
jardin libre pâture ; ils passent par les mailles des cages de leurs
confrères captifs et se gorgent.
Des chaises sont disposées autour du kiosque. Le chalet Louis
XVI est ouvert : sur ses terrasses, des chaises et des tables. Les
bébés jouent, mettant des notes gaies dans leurs cris et dans le
jardin. Des dames prennent du thé, du café, des gâteaux, et l’on
cause en brodant, en crochetant. Les figures sont graves et les
propos n’ont rien de la frivolité insipide des temps heureux.
— Oh ! maintenant qu’ils ont passé l’Yser ! fait une jeune dame,
en levant la tête de sa broderie.
Un monsieur et une dame âgés s’approchent d’une dame seule
qui crochète une dentelle de store. Doucement ils lui demandent
quelque chose.
— Non, toujours pas de nouvelles, crie-t-elle, comme ne pouvant
se dominer ; depuis cinq mois pas de nouvelles.
Ils restent assis, silencieux.
Arrive un groupe de messieurs que je connais. L’un a un fils de
dix-huit ans qui est en Hollande avec sa mère : c’est leur unique
enfant, idolâtré comme un dieu. Le père et la mère se sont rendus
malades à vouloir empêcher leur fils de s’engager : enfin ils y sont
parvenus, et le père, là devant moi, a l’air heureux. Un autre, un
avocat, a ses trois fils à la guerre : l’un est déjà estropié, il a un bras
ankylosé par une fracture. Mais, par ce printemps, ce père aussi a
l’air content : en somme, ils vivent tous les trois !
Je me promène en m’asseyant de temps en temps pour m’étirer
au soleil. Dans l’allée des perroquets, tous sont sur leurs perchoirs.
C’est une débauche de couleurs merveilleuses et de cris
discordants. N’importe, la beauté domine. Je m’arrête à leur gratter
la tête.
Les bébés jouent.
L’otarie veut jouer avec les deux cormorans qui partagent son
domicile ; elle nage, en criant, autour de la dalle au milieu du bassin,
sur laquelle ils sont installés. Ils la piquent de leurs becs quand elle
veut monter ; lorsqu’elle a réussi tout de même, elle crie en se
tournant vers l’un et l’autre, les implorant de jouer avec elle ; mais
les cormorans ne veulent pas et continuent à piquer jusqu’à ce
qu’elle se laisse glisser dans l’eau comme un sac rempli d’huile. Elle
recommence alors à nager autour de la dalle, en criant
désespérément. Les deux oiseaux restent féroces et implacables
dans leur antipathie.
Les paons brillent, scintillent de mille couleurs au soleil. Un paon
blanc à hérissé sa queue. Tout son être est tendu dans cet effort. La
croupe, aux plumes ébouriffées, levée, les ailes écartées, les jarrets
tendus, il tourne lentement vers le soleil et la brise et fait strider ses
plumes : c’est, au travers des mailles de la cage, un miroitement
nacré, où tout le prisme évolue en des reflets moelleux.
Dans une grande cage, plantée d’arbres, des oiseaux granivores
du pays. Quel est ce petit bougre qui fait tutututûûût ? Je voudrais le
voir. C’est un chant que j’entends toujours dans les bois à Genck ;
mais je ne parviens pas à l’apercevoir.
Le faisan doré, élégant et prestigieux de couleur, fait des passes
devant sa faisane, en étalant vers elle son collier rayé orange et
bleu. Elle lui échappe constamment, et lui de recommencer
ardemment sa poursuite à travers la cage ensoleillée, d’où jaillit
comme une coulée d’or et de pierres précieuses en fusion.
Le faisan de Lady Amherts, lui, mince et aristocratique, en sa
parure blanche chamarrée de vert, de bleu, d’or, piétine sa faisane
qui est douillettement nichée dans la terre chaude et poudreuse.
Quelle tristesse de voir les cages des lions, des tigres et des ours
vides !
Les bébés jouent.
Un vautour à calotte brune, foncée et veloutée ; le cou nu, rose
strié de bleu et de noir ; face nue, rose ; yeux noirs changeants,
perçants, fixes, mobiles, féroces ; bec orange, encastré dans du gris
tendre ; goître en boule couvert de plumes ; pattes puissantes ; des
plumes lui font collier. Il est sur son perchoir, secoue désespérément
ses larges ailes en se soulevant sur ses pattes ; mais l’élan est
impossible dans cette cage, et lourdement, une à une, il les laisse
retomber pour recommencer, le moment d’après, ses efforts inutiles
vers la liberté… à moins que ce ne soit pour se dégourdir les
membres.
A côté, le vautour de Kolbe, gris beige, au long cou nu, se
couche, la tête hors les barreaux de la cage, pour se faire caresser
et gratter. Il veut prendre, de ses mandibules puissantes, le bloc-
notes avec lequel je le chatouille. Puis tout doucement, quand je lui
ai enlevé toute méfiance, il se laisse faire, et j’avance ma main
jusque sur son crâne que je gratte et la peau du cou que je triture. Il
ferme, d’une paupière bleue remontante, à moitié les yeux, la tête et
le cou abandonnés à la volupté de la caresse. Ah ! le bougre,
comme il aime cela ! Mais je viendrai souvent te caresser, tu es
exquis… Oui, un vautour exquis, doux et grand comme une brebis,
avec de fortes pattes gris argent. Ah ! pauvre créature dégénérée,
déviée de ta vraie nature, tu es peut-être née au jardin ? Tu ne sais
pas ce que c’est que la féroce, l’enivrante liberté ; tu ignores la force
de tes ailes toujours repliées, le coupant de tes mandibules. Tu
prends les bénéfices de la captivité et de ton impuissance. Ah flûte !
tout est triste, je vais rentrer…
Les bébés jouent.
En longeant les avenues, des enfants du quartier de l’Ancien
Canal viennent du Parc en chantant. Un garçonnet de sept ans a,
aux bras, deux chaînes de fillettes de cinq, quatre et trois ans. Elles
dansent en frétillant de la croupe et brandissent un bras en l’air.
Elles chantent : lala, lalalaaa, lalalaa, avec les voix canailles et les
gestes crapuleux des femmes en ribote de leur quartier. Ah zut ! tout
est triste… Et là-bas, on s’empuantit, on s’asphyxie, on se démolit,
on se déchire, on se pulvérise, on se calomnie et l’on se hait, et tout
pourrit…
4 mai 1915.
Les trams circulent presque vides ; les rues sont de plus en plus
désertes. Avec cela, un printemps adorable. Sur les branches des
arbres fruitiers, les fleurs grimpent les unes sur les autres ; les
branches ont de grosses touffes d’un blanc exquis et parfumé, et il y
a tant, tant d’oiseaux qui chantent sur les arbres des avenues et
dans les jardins, derrière les maisons brûlées et abandonnées !
Comme leurs propriétaires, à l’étranger, doivent y penser
maintenant ! Je crois qu’on entend mieux les oiseaux parce que les
rues sont plus silencieuses, et peut-être aussi parce que nous
n’avons pas encore entendu une note de musique depuis l’invasion
et que le moindre son harmonieux, après les discussions sur la
guerre par ces voix rudes et âpres des Flamands, caresse notre
oreille charmée et surprise.
Derrière chez nous, il y a un merle qui a le langage le plus
spirituel, le plus expressif, en même temps que le plus
délicieusement modulé. Ah ! la chère créature ! si je pouvais la
prendre dans le creux de la main et lui gratter doucement la tête, en
signe de reconnaissance ! Toutes les bêtes aiment qu’on leur gratte
la tête : si le merle se laissait faire une fois, il y reviendrait, et pour
moi ce serait une grande joie.
Au jardin zoologique, des dames viennent avec des jeux de

cartes et, sous un grand arbre, elles jouent à trois sur une petite
table pendant toute une après-midi, sans échanger d’autres mots
que ceux nécessaires pour le jeu. Il y a plusieurs groupes. On
n’entend plus le français : seulement le flamand et l’allemand. La
société qui parle le français est à l’étranger, les Allemands se sont
implantés mieux que jamais et parlent à plus haute voix qu’avant. Ils
sont chez eux, quoi ! Des officiers allemands goûtent avec du café et
des gâteaux, beaucoup de gâteaux.
Le directeur du jardin est maintenant toujours assis à l’entrée
pour voir si le public arrive. Il est aux abois : presque tous les
abonnés sont partis avant d’avoir payé leurs cotisations de l’année. Il
a réduit l’abonnement de cinquante-cinq à quarante francs :
beaucoup d’abonnés ont écrit que malgré les temps durs, ils
continueront à payer cinquante-cinq francs. Heureusement, car que
deviendraient les dames et les bébés de la ville sans le jardin
zoologique ?
Il vient de passer une jeune dame habillée d’une jupe kaki, d’un
paletot de satin vert d’eau, coiffée d’un chapeau bleu marine avec
une couronne de fleurs rouges. C’est à hurler ! Si j’étais un homme,
pareille femme me serait odieuse. J’en vois souvent une autre qui
porte une jupe beige, un paletot demi-long noir, un chapeau bleu
marine, des gants blancs, une ombrelle verte et un sac en cuir
violet : si je l’aperçois à temps, je change vite de trottoir.
Celles que je viens de décrire sont celles qui choisissent elles-
mêmes leurs toilettes ; d’autres, qui laissent faire leurs bonnes
couturières de Bruxelles, sont tolérables ; mais, en ce moment, les
dames qui se font habiller à Bruxelles sont parties et l’on ne voit plus
que les autres. Les femmes, ici, ne se préoccupent pas de regarder
si la couleur ou le genre d’étoffe va à leur teint ou à leur type, et
encore moins d’un ensemble harmonieux dans leur toilette.
Encore une qui passe : les pieds blancs, la jupe à damiers noirs
et blancs, le paletot vert épinard, le chapeau bleu marine, des gants
jaunes. Cependant les perroquets sont aussi parés des couleurs les
plus folles : je ne sais comment ils s’arrangent pour être merveilleux.
Chez les créatures parées par la nature, on constate aussi des
gaffes de goût. Le faisan noble a pour moi deux tares qui
l’empêchent d’être complètement noble : bleu nuit miroitant ; joues
bleu pervenche ; yeux rouges à point noir ; huppe bleu nuit droite sur
la tête ; sur le dos, une plaque de petites plumes cuivre en fusion ;
ailes bleu sombre lustrées ; les côtés, en avant vers l’épaule, jaspés
bleu et jaune clair ; pattes roses ; queue raide, bleu sombre et blanc
à peine teinté de jaune. Eh bien la tare — outre qu’il est trop lourd de
corps — sont ces plumes, d’un blanc jaunâtre trop clair et trop criard,
des ailes et de la queue, dans cet ensemble sombre, sobre et
vraiment noble : pour être impeccable d’harmonie et d’aristocratie, il
faudrait que la jaspure des ailes et les plumes claires de la queue
fussent comme la plaque du dos, couleur cuivre en fusion.
Donc, mesdames, allez-y de vos couleurs disparates : la nature
ne fait pas mieux que vous quand elle veut trop bien faire, et y va
aussi naïvement.
Voilà, je rentre. J’ai fait une promenade solitaire délicieuse, en
m’asseyant à chaque instant pour écrire, soit sur les bancs des
avenues, soit à l’église, ou chez Van de Laer en buvant mon lait
chaud, et au jardin zoologique.
Un orage éclate avec de gros coups de tonnerre : ils sont
cependant moins secs que les coups de canon. Eh bien, Caroline et
moi n’arrivons pas à cacher notre nervosité : cela nous rappelle trop
le bombardement. Mon mari trouve aussi que le tonnerre est plus
énervant qu’avant le bombardement.
5 mai 1915.
Le merle, après chaque phrase bien articulée, fait : Hihihirurutiti,

comme s’il riait de lui-même ou des autres, car il parle, il explique,
c’est certain, il blague ses voisins : ses intonations sont trop
railleuses pour être mécaniques. Quel délice d’avoir ces candides
créatures autour de soi ! Maintenant il y en a cinq, six, qui
s’égosillent, chacun penché sur une éminence des ruines.
10 mai 1915.
Je n’ai sans doute pas de cœur de m’occuper du merle qui vole

dans les jardins des maisons en ruines. Mais c’est la seule voix
harmonieuse, à inflexions civilisées, que j’entende.
Tururûtû, tuturûtu, titiriti.
Turlutute, turlutute, pirewirewite.
Le son est plein, velouté, et les phrases articulées avec une rare
logique. Enfin il me charme. Tant pis si je manque de cœur ou de
sérieux : ce doit être de cœur plutôt.
22 mai 1915.
Je n’ai pas osé aller m’installer à la campagne cette année, et,

comme je ne sais où aller tous les jours pour faire ma promenade —
on ne peut traverser l’Escaut sans passeport — je retourne toujours
au jardin zoologique. Hier, j’ai observé longuement la grue
couronnée du Sénégal. Peu de bêtes sont plus aristocratiques
qu’elle, en ses couleurs sobres, discrète en ses mouvements et
gestes et en son allure futile et spirituelle. Elle est gris fer, le
plumage long et effilé, pas tassé ; haute sur de fines pattes sèches,
ciselées ; un cou qu’elle allonge et raccourcit à volonté et dans tous
les sens, en des ondulations souples, et qu’elle penche de côté,
avec sa tête comme piquée au bout, pour regarder de son œil latéral
le ciel, quand il tonne ou qu’un aéroplane passe. Elle écoute et
observe, en ce même mouvement, les feuilles qui bruissent sur les
arbres, les moineaux qui passent. Elle abaisse le cou, et son œil de
nacre mouvant suit les mouches par terre. Comme elle a dû tendre
le cou et plonger son œil scrutateur vers le ciel pendant le
bombardement, quand les obus fendaient l’air en mugissant ; elle est
cependant habituée à des cris étranges dans ce jardin zoologique,
mais ça…
La tête est fine, à bec noir ; deux plaques de chair nue en forme
d’écusson, la moitié du haut rose pâle, celle du bas rose vif, lui
encadrent la figure comme deux bijoux d’émail rose ; sous le menton
un médaillon de même ; une huppe courte de peluche noire
descendant jusque sur le bec ; sur l’arrière du crâne, une touffe
hérissée et éparpillée en un goupillon de brindilles d’or. Le corps
ovale, la poitrine grise, les ailes grises, les sous-ailes de côté blanc
ivoire, les plumes extrêmes brun roux profond : le tout s’harmonisant
délicatement. Dans une cour de grues, je me la représente grande
d’Espagne. Elle s’ébroue en étendant les ailes, fait des bonds, puis
des pas comme de contre-danse, se becquète en tortillant son cou
sous les plumes pour s’ôter la vermine ; elle se lisse, se secoue,
s’ébouriffe en des grâces et des gestes de toute élégance.
Ces bêtes n’ont rien d’humain : le public, la galerie, n’existent pas
pour elle ; tous les appels et « pst, pst » pour attirer son attention
sont inutiles. Elle ne connaît que son gardien et, quand elle daigne
s’occuper d’autre chose que de se bichonner, de faire des grâces ou
de fureter le ciel autour d’elle, c’est pour tendre le cou obstinément
dans la direction d’où il doit venir lui apporter sa pitance.
Tout d’un coup, le bec droit, les ailes étendues, les deux plaques
d’émail se gonflant et s’abaissant comme des soufflets, elle clame,
en des sons cuivrés, des appels de ralliement, dirait-on, et je
m’étonne de ne pas voir toutes les grues du jardin voler au rendez-
vous pour se rendre à un sabbat, loin dans les airs. Elle se tait,
recommence sa toilette, retire une patte sous elle, tourne son cou en
torsade sur le dos, fourre son bec sous les plumes d’une aile, et
posée sur une patte, comme sur un socle de fer forgé, elle reste
immobile, isolée de ce qui se passe autour d’elle, sa couronne d’or
scintillant, son œil latéral scrutant le ciel.
30 mai 1915.
La ville est très peu animée : de plus en plus de magasins

fermés. Tous ceux qui, en revenant d’exil à Anvers, se promenaient
désœuvrés, et aussi pour voir les allemands, ne sortent plus : ils
restent mornes et toujours désœuvrés, dans leur quartier. Je
retourne voir les bêtes. Le jardin aux beaux arbres remplis de fleurs,
avec les animaux à l’air heureux, à l’exception des oiseaux de proie,
bien entretenu et d’un goût parfait, est comme un lieu enchanté où
tous les chants, tous les cris, tous les bourdonnements,
susurements, chuchotements, vagissements des créatures vous
deviennent familiers, où leurs gestes, leurs attitudes, leurs habitudes
vous charment, vous repoussent ou vous attirent. Moi, quand j’en ai
assez d’être assise au milieu des dames qui brodent, crochètent,
bavardent, médisent, goûtent trop copieusement et préparent, en
gavant leurs enfants, la perpétuation du diabète qui les attend
comme un patrimoine de famille, quand je suis bien horripilée de tout
cela et choquée que les animaux étalent en pure perte leur beauté et
leur vie intéressante et que jamais les abonnés ne se donnent la
peine d’aller les regarder, je fais le tour du jardin et toujours mon
spleen fait place à une curiosité qui me prend toute.
Aujourd’hui, par exemple, c’est une horreur qui m’a arrêtée, car,
s’il y a une bête immonde entre toutes, c’est bien l’hippopotame,
avec son mufle carré, plus large que son crâne défoncé, et dont la
bave coule, avec ses mâchoires comme des meules à broyer des
pierres, — il ne mange cependant que de l’herbe, — ses petits yeux
observateurs, libidineux, à fleur de tête, encastrés dans des orbites
protubérantes, ses toutes petites oreilles qui pointent au moindre
bruit, ses narines en fente remplies de boue. Son corps bas, sur des
pattes naïves à peine équarries, et qui tient du porc et de lui-même,
est recouvert d’une peau en fonte… Hou ! Il est étalé là dans le
soleil, les yeux à demi fermés, m’observant et se demandant ce que
je lui veux à le détailler ainsi. « Je voudrais que tu ouvres ton groin
pour que je puisse voir là-dedans ; puis, je ne te voudrais pas
comme voisin de table, tu m’offusques ! »
Ce qu’il s’en fiche ! Jamais créature ne fut plus heureuse de ses
habitudes fangeuses. « Du moment qu’il y a du soleil, et que je
puisse m’y étaler loin de vos simagrées ! Jamais, dans votre vie,
vous n’avez eu un moment de bien-être comme moi j’en ai, des jours
entiers, à me laisser roussir, à baver, à fienter et à vous considérer
comme une quantité inexistante. L’opinion publique !… Peuh ! »
30 mai 1915.
Le dindon domestique, tout blanc, se pavane, la queue en
éventail, les plumes ébouriffées, tout son être hérissé, devant le
treillage derrière lequel se trouve, le cou tendu, la femelle de son
congénère, autre dindon domestique. Il a les yeux entourés de bleu ;
le cou, la tête et le chiffon qui lui pend par-dessus le bec,
sanguinolents. Le chiffon est fripé comme un lambeau d’entrailles ; à
volonté, il injecte de sang, ou fait bleuir en bleu de ciel, ou laisse
pâlir en un blanc violacé cette masse amorphe qui pendille de droite
et de gauche. Il va et vient, apoplectique ou anémique, dément de
désir. Il est magnifique, antipathique, plein de morgue et
d’acariâtreté. Il tend le cou et fait kloukoulou ! kloukoulou ! Kwole,
kwole, kwole !
8 juin 1915.
Les paons en fureur d’amour.

Hier, en m’arrêtant devant la cage des paons, je vis trois ou
quatre mâles en parade devant les paonnes. Leurs queues étaient
en éventail ; leurs plumes, debout, s’entrechoquaient en un bruit
stridulé ; le cou des bêtes, contre cet écran, était raidi ; l’œil
hypnotique ; les ailes pendaient à terre, battaient convulsivement ;
les plumes du croupion étaient hérissées ; des pattes, ils grattaient la
terre. Ils scintillaient au soleil comme des idoles d’émail.
Une femelle s’avance. Un mâle fait demi-tour, se précipite et
l’étreint en des soubresauts, pendant que l’éventail s’abaisse sur
eux : ce fut saccadé et bref. Il se relève, chancelle, redresse son
éventail, bat, désemparé, des ailes qui traînent énervées à terre ;
puis il se jette sur d’autres mâles qui paradent également.
L’un d’eux poursuit une paonne en criant : Cawauw, tandis que
son écran, en fendant l’air, fait fffreûeût. Elle lui échappe ; il s’avance
encore doucement, grattant la terre et vibrant de l’éventail, et essaie
de l’encercler, de l’acculer, mais encore une fois elle fuit, se picote,
fait sa toilette, insensible à tant d’amour et de beauté offerts comme
appât. Tous poussent des Gawauwauw ! et se pavanent
frénétiquement devant les indifférentes. Puis, doucement, ils se
calment, rabattent leurs éventails, et se promènent. Ils ont la gorge
gonflée, le cou bosselé, tant l’émotion a été grande. C’est une des
plus belles, des plus passionnées scènes d’amour que j’ai jamais
vues.
13 juin 1915.
L’aigle ravisseur, brun pâle mordoré : les jambes emplumées, le

bec noir, l’œil fulgurant. Il est dans une cage d’un mètre cinquante
carrés ; un unique bâton comme perchoir. Il s’y démène, bat des
ailes furieusement ; il regarde, désespéré, autour de lui, cherchant
une issue ou quelque chose à quoi s’agripper dans ses efforts pour
voler. Il scrute le ciel bleu, se jette contre les barreaux, s’y
ensanglante les épaules et retombe à terre ; après ces efforts inutiles
recommencés toute la journée, il finit par se blottir sur son perchoir,
l’œil haineux, les griffes incrustées autour du bâton.
Ah ! cette impuissance devant la force brutale, implacable, qui
anéantit ses efforts, l’avilit, mais ne le terrasse que pour un instant :
car il recommencera tantôt son travail de révolte et de libération, et
qui sait ? une barre peut céder… Ah ! quelle douleur que celle de
l’aigle ravisseur…
25 août 1915.
Dans les ruines autour de moi, il y a constamment de petits et de

grands voleurs. Je les menace ordinairement de la police. Mais hier,
parmi ces maraudeurs, il y avait une voix de fillette si fraîche, si
joyeuse, que je l’ai écoutée, craignant même qu’elle partît trop vite.
— Oh ! une rose, une rose, bégayait-elle, ivre de joie.
J’entendais grimper sur le tas de décombres posé contre le mur,
et une petite main délicate et sale s’étendait vers une de nos roses
qui penchait au-dessus. Avec beaucoup de peine, elle l’attira à elle
et un bonheur gourmand éclata dans sa voix. Elle continua à fureter
dans les jardins.
— Oh ! deux pommes ! J’ai deux pommes !
Un petit gloussement sensuel suivait.
— Oh ! qu’il fait beau ici ! qu’on s’amuse ici !
Et des rires, comme des boules de cristal dévalant sur du
marbre, suivaient toutes ces exclamations de bonheur. Dieu, qu’il y a
des créatures limpides, et elle se trouvait parmi des maraudeurs !…
9 novembre 1915.
C’est insupportable. Nous avions un adorable petit matou de six

mois, gris tigré, à larges rayures noires. Il ronronnait toute la journée
et fouillait le ventre de sa mère pour téter encore et, quand il avait
trouvé le téton, il ronronnait plus goulument, bien qu’il n’en tirât plus
une goutte de lait. Il se hérissait devant les chiens et, sur la pointe
des pieds, le dos en ogive déjeté de côté, la queue droite,
ébouriffée, avec l’extrême bout seul qui remuait, il leur faisait face,
les oreilles couchées, tout son être arqué, sifflant ghauw, ghauw vers
eux, de sa gueule ouverte, en laissant passer entre les dents
pointues une adorable languette rose, également en pointe. Il sortait
par les fenêtres de la cuisine de cave et jouait sur le trottoir, où ne
passe plus personne, à attraper les feuilles mortes ; il les tapotait ou,
la tête entre les épaules, le corps frétillant, il bondissait dessus, les
prenait par tas entre les pattes et se roulait sur le dos, toujours
ronronnant, et même férocement, comme s’il se livrait à un délicieux
massacre. Puis il grimpait sur ce qui reste de la façade de la maison
d’à côté et disparaissait dans les décombres.
Eh bien, voilà cinq jours qu’il n’en est pas revenu, des
décombres. Je craignais, comme il se laissait caresser et prendre
par tout le monde, que quelqu’un ne l’eût ramassé pour en faire une
gibelotte. Pensez donc, par ce temps de quasi famine, quelle
délicieuse gibelotte qu’un petit chat grassouillet, nourri de lait et de
pâtés préparés avec amour par Caroline.
Mais voilà que nous entendons, depuis le jour de sa disparition,
des miaulements de petit chat dans les décombres. Caroline monte
par une échelle sur le mur du jardin, tire l’échelle à elle, la pose de
l’autre côté pour descendre. Ainsi, de mur en mur, elle a fait tous les
jardins, a visité toutes les ruines, appelant Kobeke, Kobeke, au
risque de tomber dans les trous de cave masqués par des briques.
Moi, je regardais par les fenêtres du grenier, inspectant les lieux
pour pouvoir crier à Caroline : « Il est là », si je le voyais. Eh bien,
nous ne le trouvons pas ; il se tait pendant que nous cherchons.
Caroline et moi, nous y pensons toute la journée et ce miaulement
qui s’affaiblit nous affole. Pensez donc, cette créature pleine de joie
va mourir tout doucement de faim : cette pensée nous est bien plus
odieuse que la supposition qu’on en aurait fait un lapin sauté.
12 novembre 1915.
La pluie, la pluie, la pluie, et atmosphère tiède.

Les grandes avenues sont désertes, les feuilles mortes jonchent
le pavé, les terre-pleins et les trottoirs. C’est joli, joli ! Il faut prendre
garde de glisser : on ferait comme un rien le grand écart.
Ici et là un Landsturm-man mélancolique. La lumière est comme
si on la regardait à travers un verre d’eau. Moi, je me sens alors une
bête aquatique et j’aime à me mouvoir dans cette atmosphère
d’aquarium.
Les trams marchent à vide. A l’avenue de Keyser, les vendeurs
de journaux, saturés d’eau, la figure lavée par la pluie, bleuie par le
froid, car l’atmosphère tiède, c’est pour nous les bien couverts et les
bien nourris et qui en prenons ce que nous voulons. Mais eux, qui
sont là depuis le matin à clamer, à piétiner, à se faire macérer dans
la saumure de leurs sales vêtements imbibés, eux grelottent et leurs
pauvres cris discordants me donnent de l’angoisse.
Au jardin zoologique, personne, si ce n’est encore, de ci de là,
deux soldats regardant tout de même les bêtes. Dame, ceux-là,
après les tranchées et les obus, doivent se sentir dans le paradis de
se balader sous cette eau tiède, certains qu’en ce moment aucun
engin ne va les aplatir ou les écarteler. Aussi ne s’occupent-ils pas
du temps : ils jouissent visiblement du moment de répit.
J’espère que nos petits mannekes, également, reçoivent ainsi
quelques jours de congé pour aller se refaire dans l’une ou l’autre
ville de la belle France et pouvoir penser à autre chose qu’à tuer et à
être tués.
Je parle à un gardien des fauves que l’on a dû abattre.
— Heureusement qu’ils sont morts. Où aurions-nous cherché les
chevaux pour les nourrir ? Un tigre, un lion, un ours mangent bien,
chacun, cinq kilogrammes de viande par jour. Nous n’aurions pu les
donner. Alors quoi ? nous les aurions vus maigrir et entendus gémir
de faim, se mettre à mugir d’aussi loin qu’ils auraient aperçu l’un
d’entre nous, qui les nourrissons. Non, il vaut mieux qu’ils soient
morts : je n’aurais pu les voir souffrir, car ils deviennent pour nous
comme nos enfants.
Puis je suis retournée lentement chez moi, l’eau me dégoulinant
des jupes.
5 avril 1916.
Depuis le commencement de la guerre, dit le Hannover Kurier,

on a fait rentrer tous les bateaux-phares de la côte de la Frise
occidentale et les phares ont été éteints. Cela a conservé la vie à
des milliers d’oiseaux de toutes espèces. Attirés et aveuglés par la
lumière des phares, des centaines et des centaines de ces bêtes
allaient chaque nuit se jeter contre les vitres et les barreaux et
tombaient morts. Habituellement, en automne et au printemps, des
multitudes d’oiseaux chanteurs, des alouettes, des sansonnets, des
grives, des canards, des mouettes, etc., venaient se tuer sur les
bateaux-phares de Borkum et Héligoland. Près du phare de
Héligoland, on trouvait, il y a quelques années, trois mille oiseaux
morts par semaine. Maintenant il y vit des milliers de mouettes, des
canards sauvages et beaucoup d’autres oiseaux aquatiques.
7 avril 1916.
Quelle effervescence parmi les bêtes du jardin zoologique ! Le

printemps les émeut. Dans la cage des tourterelles, les mâles
suivent, en roucoulant et s’inclinant bas, les femelles indifférentes,
qui picotent tranquillement les graines dans la terre, ne se souciant
pas de ce concert d’amour. De guerre lasse, ils les abandonnent un
instant pour picoter un grain de maïs, puis ils recommencent leurs
salamalecs de convoitise.
Les paons blancs sont isolés cette année. Quel blanc chaud,
moelleux, ouaté, à ombres ivoirées ! Ils commencent par étendre
leur queue en rayons devant la paonne impassible. Ils virent
lentement en abaissant l’écran vers elle en des frémissements
passionnés ; ils trémoussent leurs ailes et leurs croupions et grattent
la terre de leurs pattes. Ceux qui sont sur le bâton font leur toilette,
s’ébouriffent, secouent la queue, se gonflent le goître et poussent
des appels, répétés par les paons bleus de l’autre côté du jardin. Le
plumage de tous les oiseaux est renouvelé : il brille, reluit, miroite,
rayonne en une joie de couleurs et de teintes merveilleuses. Quand
j’en fais la remarque aux gardiens, ils me regardent étonnés :
— Les oiseaux sont toujours ainsi, répondent-ils.
Le faisan de Lady Amherst a les plumes posées en écailles de
poisson. En quelques jours, son collier blanc, bordé de noir, a envahi
toute la tête, ne laissant que le bec libre à nu. Il est là à virevolter
devant sa femelle havane qu’il veut acculer dans un coin : elle
s’échappe. Il fait frrut… en ébouriffant ce collier devant elle, en une
pose de côté : elle s’évade. Petite cruche, ne vois-tu pas sa beauté,
ni son émoi ? Que te faut-il pour t’impressionner ?
Le faisan doré pirouette devant la sienne, il l’encercle en faisant
ruisseler l’or de son collier ; elle aussi s’évade, effarouchée.
Il y a de grandes corbeilles de narcisses, de rhododendrons en
fleurs ; les tulipes commencent à dérouler leurs calices ; tout
redevient beau et attrayant. Il n’y a que cette guerre infâme qui
s’envenime et devient de plus en plus hideuse. Rien qu’en y
pensant, des bouffées pestilentielles vous prennent à la gorge et on
croit entendre la chute brutale des obus.
La paix !… pas avant que le dernier homme valide ne soit
estropié ou pulvérisé…
19 septembre 1916.
Dans des bassins, des canards étrangers, couleur ocre, la tête

plus pâle, la queue noire, tournent comme des toupies autour des
femelles, plus grandes, plus épaisses qu’eux ; ils « coincoinent », ils
jacassent, puis font des bonds agressifs, qu’elles évitent
adroitement. Alors ils allongent le cou vers elles, et soufflent et
reniflent comme des créatures aux abois.
Elles voguent tranquillement à deux, tournent de temps en temps
le bec l’une vers l’autre en se caquetant dans la figure quelque
chose qui fait : « rwanerwanewaw ». Cela veut dire évidemment :
« Que ces mâles sont embêtants ! il va encore falloir s’exécuter », ou
peut-être : « Quel bonheur d’être femelle dans la création : quand
l’heure est venue, avec quelle tendresse nous disons oui ! mais au
moins, nous ne sommes pas affligées de cette obsession malséante
qui s’étale devant tout le monde. »
30 novembre 1916.
Je crois que l’œil le plus beau au monde est l’œil du hibou grand-
duc : une grande boule noire comme liquéfiée, bordée d’une bande
de feu liquide, mais adoucie par la myopie et la souffrance de la
captivité. Je me trouve devant la cage. Il fait un Chchinit effarouché
et suit peureusement les mouvements de mes yeux, seule chose
qu’il semble voir dans ma figure. Oh ! qu’il est beau, qu’il est beau, et
que je l’aime, surtout maintenant que nous sommes nous-mêmes
pris dans une trappe d’où nous ne pouvons bouger.
Par le froid qui commence, les bonnes avec les enfants se
réfugient dans le palais des éléphants, où il n’y a plus que des
zèbres, des chameaux, des girafes et le rhinocéros. Il y fait chaud et
les enfants que les mamans envoient, bien emmitouflés, prendre de
l’air frais et pur, ne respirent pendant des heures que l’odeur du
fumier de ces animaux.
Le jardin zoologique est lamentablement triste : la moitié des
bêtes ont disparu, elles sont mortes et on ne peut les remplacer ;
d’autres ont été envoyées en Hollande parce qu’on ne pouvait plus
les nourrir ; celles qui restent ont l’air lonely. Moi, je me promène
dans ce jardin, bien désemparée aussi.
Les grues font un tour de valse quand elles voient arriver leur
gardien ; nous, quand nous voyons arriver un de nos gardes-
chiourmes, nous avons envie de nous fourrer dans un petit trou, tant
ils nous épouvantent.
5 juin 1917.
Je me promenais au soleil couchant dans les pinières. J’allais

passer entre deux arbres quand j’aperçus une toile d’araignée
accrochée à quatre fils. Heureusement que je la vis : je l’aurais
détruite en passant. Je me baissai et la regardai : la toile était fine et
achevée ; l’araignée se tenait au centre, elle avait le corps doré, les
pattes noires. Je touchai un des fils, elle fut tout de suite en émoi,
mais, comme elle n’aperçut pas de proie, elle se remit au centre. La
toile et l’insecte, scintillants au soleil, l’une comme des fils d’argent,
l’autre comme une goutte d’or, formaient un chef-d’œuvre. Dieu qu’il
y a des choses exquises !
Oui, mais voilà, des avions de combat survolent les pinières,
s’exercent aux massacres, et le canon tonne au loin et, à chaque
coup, de jeunes membres se dispersent aux quatre vents. On ne
peut pas oublier un instant la calamité qui pèse sur le monde sans
qu’on vous la rappelle brutalement.
En rentrant, je me suis assise dans une chaise longue au milieu
d’une pelouse. L’approche de la nuit est délicieuse, je veux me
délecter de ce qui m’entoure.
Le canon fait : Boum, boum ! berbereboum.
21 août 1917.
Stupide comme une vache !

Dans la prairie, à côté de mon jardin, on avait oublié une vache.
Elle s’impatientait, marchait le long de la clôture en fil de fer ; puis, la
tête vers le village, et exactement dans la direction de sa maison,
elle meuglait. Elle allait bien de temps en temps vers l’autre bout de
l’enclos, où se trouve la sortie, mais elle revenait meugler du côté
d’où l’on pouvait venir la délivrer. Accourt une fille qui lui crie de loin :
— Oui, j’arrive.
La vache répond en une vraie clameur d’impatience et de joie. La
fille hâte le pas.
— Oui, j’arrive, j’arrive.
La vache va vers la sortie en poussant des « Heun, heun » de
satisfaction.
— Tu t’es embêtée seule ? J’ai eu à faire, mais je ne t’oubliais
pas.
La vache sortit de la barrière, faisant toujours : « Heun, heun » et,
à pas pressés, se hâta vers l’étable, comme nous tous, nous nous
hâtons vers notre foyer quand nous avons été absents trop
longtemps à notre goût.
Stupide comme une vache !
29 novembre 1917.
Le vieux condor, la figure pelée et ridée, le nez surmonté d’une

crête molle, enfonce frileusement sa tête dans un collier de duvet
blanc qui lui fait capuchon. Il est tout recroquevillé par le froid et me
regarde, quand j’approche, d’un doux regard de bête matée. Puis il
rejette le capuchon, allonge le cou, secoue sa bavette et, d’un pas
lent, fait le tour de sa cage. Il se secoue encore une fois, étend ses
ailes noires aux pennes grises, les laisse retomber pesamment, fait
toc, toc toc, tac, tac, de l’estomac, puis se recroqueville et, la tête
enfouie dans son collier, le regard vers les nues, il ne bouge plus.
Le gardien s’approche pour fermer les cages, mais lui, le condor,
a le privilège de ne pas être enfermé la nuit.
1917.
La grue du Sénégal claironne sa musique à soufflet, puis fait
quelques tours sur le gravier humide de sa cage. Elle se picote, et,
lasse du froid et d’être seule, elle tourne son cou en forme de S sur
le dos, fourre sa tête sous ses ailes, puis replie une patte sous son
ventre et reste, tremblotante de froid, en équilibre sur l’autre pied.
Elle me fait pitié, l’adorable grue couronnée du Sénégal.
6 février 1918.
Je me suis arrêtée devant la cage du rat Guypu ou rat castor de

l’Amérique du Sud. Il est grand comme un lapin sauvage, mais plus
gros : gris, à moustaches, avec deux dents énormes et courbées, de
l’orange le plus vif, qui lui sortent de la bouche.
Ils étaient deux. L’un était assis au bord de son bassin d’eau, et
buvait et mangeait. L’autre nageait, mais il sortit de l’eau et, avec les
pattes de devant, exactement comme nous nous servons de nos
mains, commença à se nettoyer le museau, la tête, puis la gorge,
l’estomac et le ventre. Après, de ses doigts écartés, il se gratta les
bras et, des pattes de derrière, nettoya son arrière-train ; puis de
nouveau, avec celles de devant, il se lissa, comme pour donner un
dernier coup de peigne et de brosse. Tout cela avec adresse,
délicatement, comme un être accomplissant une tâche qui doit être
nettement faite et non bâclée.
Après être venus me regarder, tous deux se remirent, au bord de
leur bassin, à boire et à manger. J’eus la sensation de deux
créatures raffinées et sachant bien comment et pourquoi elles
faisaient tel ou tel geste.
Je me serais très bien entendue avec ces rats castors.
16 avril 1918.
Je me promenais tristement dans le jardin zoologique, d’où le

manque de nourriture a fait disparaître presque toutes les bêtes.
Mais bientôt je m’arrêtai, la vue charmée, devant une cage où cinq
paons blancs, la queue en éventail, tournaient lentement, les pennes

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Abnormal Psychology 17th Edition

Butcher Test Bank

Section 1 Test Item File ......................................................................................................................... 510

Section 2 Revel Multiple Choice Assessment Questions ...................................................................... 545

Section 1 Test Item File

1. Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder?

2. Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves

7. Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5?

9. Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use?

10. Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism?

13. Alcohol’s effect on ________ explains its ability to impair judgment.

17. The typical course of alcohol-related disorder is ________

18. Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol ________

19. Which of the following is a misconception about alcohol?

21. Cirrhosis of the liver ________

22. Heavy drinking during pregnancy can cause ________

23. Malnutrition ________

25. Alcohol amnestic disorder may occur due to ________

26. Alcohol withdrawal delirium ________

31. The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is ________

33. All drugs that people become dependent upon ________

34. What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)?

47. According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism, ________

52. Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during ________

53. A moderating variable is ________

54. An example of a moderating influence would be ________

56. Binge drinking in college ________

60. Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism?

61. What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism?

68. In contrast to some other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous ________

69. Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate?

71. The abstinence violation effect is ________

73. Which of the following is an opiate?

75. Which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen?

77. Illicit drug use is most common in what age group?

80. Opium and its derivatives ________

87. Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate?

88. Children of mothers who use crack ________

89. Benzedrine is a(n) ________

91. Amphetamine psychosis resembles ________

93. Which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep?

95. Which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates?

96. Barbiturate withdrawal ________

97. Barbiturate withdrawal ________

101. “Spice,” “K2,” and “Blaze” are names for ________________.

103. Which of the following behaviors is indicative of a gambling disorder?

109. Heroin is classified as a __________.

110. _______________are opium-like substances that the body produces.

111. A processed derivative of cocaine hydrochloride is __________.

113. The most potent of the hallucinogens is__________.

118. What causes alcohol amnestic disorder?

124. Describe and give an example of the abstinence violation effect.

Ce sacré merle ! il vous en a une sérénité !

Journée radieuse. Depuis le premier avril, le directeur du jardin

Au jardin zoologique, des dames viennent avec des jeux de

Le merle, après chaque phrase bien articulée, fait : Hihihirurutiti,

Je n’ai sans doute pas de cœur de m’occuper du merle qui vole