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Engineering Design An Introduction 2nd Edition Karsnitz Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Engineering Design An Introduction 2nd Edition Karsnitz Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Engineering Design An Introduction 2nd Edition Karsnitz Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
TRUE/FALSE
1. Market research is a good place to start the design process and usually involves asking questions
about consumers.
2. Market research and laboratory studies are essential tools of product development and the
information collected can later be used by the advertising and sales forces.
4. Secondary sources are good places to start research because they often represent broad summaries
of information on your topic.
5. Human factors information provides data about the potential user of the product to the design team.
This type of information cannot be presented as statistical measures.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A(n) ____ question is a question that has only one correct answer.
a. closed c. reference
b. open-ended d. primary
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Asking Questions
3. Primary sources are sometimes available in ____ that can be accessed online.
a. trademarks c. databases
b. laboratories d. secondary sources
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources
4. ____ patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process,
machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement
thereof.
a. Utility c. Plant
b. Design d. Primary
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources
5. Material that has been issued a _____ is marked with the © symbol.
a. patent c. trademark
b. bookmark d. copyright
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources
7. A ____ refers to information that has been previously published usually by someone else.
a. patent c. primary source
b. secondary source d. database
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources
8. There are online libraries such as Refdesk.com, Internet Public Library, Virtual Reference Desk,
and Libraryspot.com. These Web ____ organize databases in categories.
a. portals c. trademarks
b. laboratories d. patents
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources
9. It is always a good idea to begin research with an online _____ such as Britannica.com or
Wikipedia, as these articles provide an overview and define terms.
a. portals c. encyclopedia
b. databases d. magazines
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources
10. Most people believe that things are designed for ____.
a. the extreme case c. American standards
b. celebrities d. the average person
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources
COMPLETION
1. A(n) ____________________ question can have more than one answer and often leads to more
questions.
ANS:
open-ended
open ended
ANS: primary
PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources
3. Personal and corporate rights to the ownership of designs and other forms of
____________________ property are established in patent, trademark, and copyright law.
ANS: intellectual
4. Most search engines allow for ____________________ logic searching and the inclusion or
exclusion of information through the use of operators such as AND, NOT, and OR.
ANS: Boolean
5. Human factors engineering, or ____________________, the term more commonly used in Europe,
is the design of products, as well as of working and living space, to fit the needs of humans.
ANS: ergonomics
SHORT ANSWER
1. What are some common research questions asked while performing market research?
ANS:
Common research questions are: Who will use this product? Will the appeal of this new product be
its price, appearance, uniqueness, or ease of use? What similar products already are available? Will
this new product be worth the time and money that it takes to produce it? Other questions about
government regulations, economic trends, and technological advances also should be asked.
ANS:
Utility patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process,
machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement
thereof.
Design patents may be granted to anyone who invents a new, original, and ornamental design for
an article of manufacture.
ANS:
Design teams may want to know what patent(s) have been issued for similar products or
components of products. While there are organizations that specialize in patents and patent law
searches, students can search the USPTO database on the Web at
http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Searches for patents issued between 1790 and 1976
generally provide issue date and patent number. Searches of patents after 1976 provide
considerably more information including the inventor’s name, title, abstract, date of issue, patent
number, descriptions, drawings and images, and other associated patents.
ANS:
Designers need to document search results throughout the design process and provide references in
the final report. One way to keep track of your work is to bookmark relevant information and
organize it in files. Carefully organized reference material can save a lot of frustration later in the
design process. Google Notebook™ and Noodletools™ are two good ways to organize collected
material. Some sites have their own capabilities to save referenced materials.
5. What is anthropometrics?
ANS:
Human factors information provides data about the potential user of the product to the design team.
The data is part of the scientific study of humans known as anthropometrics. The data is presented
to designers as statistical measures including averages, percentiles, and standard deviations of a
given population of people.
Author: A. M. Mauriceau
Language: English
PREGNANCY,
AND
DISCOVERY TO
PREVENT PREGNANCY;
ITS GREAT AND IMPORTANT NECESSITY WHERE
TO EFFECT MISCARRIAGE.
WHEN ATTENDED WITH ENTIRE SAFETY.
BY DR. A. M. MAURICEAU,
Professor of Diseases of Women.
NEW YORK.
1847.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1847, by
JOSEPH TROW,
In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Southern District New York.
PREFACE.
THE AUTHOR.
INDEX
Page.
ABORTION—
„ Symptoms of, 169
„ Causes of, 171
„ Treatment of, 171
„ Prevention of, 175
„ When dangerous, 168
„ When necessary to effect, 177
„ When attended with no danger, 169
AFTER-PAINS—
„ Causes of, 203
„ Treatment of, 204
AFTER-BIRTH—
„ Caution respecting, 199
„ Mode of extracting, 199
ARTIFICIAL DELIVERY, 180
BARRENNESS, OR STERILITY—, 223
„ Causes of, 225
„ Treatment of, 230
„ Remedy for, 232
CONCEPTION—(See Pregnancy), 36
„ Signs of, 37
„ Prevention of (See Pregnancy), 104
CHILDREN—Management of, 210
CONCLUDING REMARKS, 237
DELIVERY—Artificial, 180
DISEASES OF PREGNANCY, 61
Desomeaux’s Prevention to Pregnancy, 142
FALSE PAINS IN PREGNANCY, 187
FALSE Conception, 30
FAINTING, during Pregnancy, 87
„ Treatment of, 87
FLOODING, 174
„ Causes of, 23
„ Treatment of, 174
FRENCH SECRET, 144
„ For what purpose used, 144
„ Its use in France, 144
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS, ix
INFANTS, still-born, 202
„ Treatment of, 203
INFLAMMATION OF THE BREASTS, 205
„ To prevent inflamed or broken Breasts, 208
Index, v
LABOUR—Signs of, 182
„ Management of, 185
„ Ordinary or natural, 186
„ Preternatural or Cross-Births, 201
„ Laborious, or difficult, 202
„ Directions during, 198
„ Directions after, 99, 203
MALFORMATION of the Pelvis, 180
MENSTRUATION, or Monthly Turns, 1
„ Retention of, 8
„ Description, 8
„ Causes, 8
„ Symptoms, 9
„ Treatment, 10
„ Suppression of, 11
„ Description of, 11
„ Causes, 12
„ Symptoms, 12
„ Treatment of, 13
„ Specific certain to effect a cure, 16
„ Painful and Imperfect, 18
„ Symptoms, 19
„ Causes, 19
„ Treatment, 20
MENSES—
„ Immoderate Flow of, 22
„ Symptoms, 22
„ Causes, 23
„ Treatment, 23
„ Prevention, 27
„ Decline of the, 28
„ Symptoms, 30
„ Causes, 30
„ Treatment, 33
MISCARRIAGE—See Abortion.
MORAND’S “ELIXIR,” 232
„ Its success in effecting Cures, 233
NAVEL CORD—
„ Manner of tying, 198
NURSING, 204
PORTUGUESE FEMALE PILLS, 16
PREFACE, iii
PREGNANCY, Signs of, 36
„ How it may be determined, 37
„ Ceasing to be unwell, 38
„ Morning Sickness, 49, 62
„ Shooting Pains through, Enlargement of and other Changes of the Breasts,
50
„ Changes of the Nipple, 51
„ Presence of Milk, 54
„ Quickening, 57
PREGNANCY,—Diseases of, 61
„ Being unwell during, 96
„ Costiveness, 72
„ Diarrhœa, 76
„ Enlargement of the Veins of the Legs, 82
„ Fainting Fits, 87
„ Heart-Burn, 70
„ Headache, 98
„ Inconvenience from size, 95
„ Painful and distended condition of th Breasts, 90
„ Pains in the Legs, &c., 92
„ Palpitation of the Heart, 85
„ Piles, 78
„ Salivation, or Discharge of Saliva, 89
„ Swelling of the Feet and Legs, 84
„ Soreness and Cracking of the Skin of the Abdomen, 94
„ Toothache, 88
„ Violent movement of the Child, 93
PREGNANCY—Prevention of, 104
„ When unnecessary, 110
„ When indispensable, 107
„ Practicability of, 141
„ Morality of, 146
„ Social importance of, 114
„ Mode of prevention, 142, 143, 144
„ Healthiness of, 145
„ Reasons for prevention, 144
„ Objections answered, 146
„ Proofs of success, 150, 152, 154
„ Use of in France and other parts of Europe, 149
SEXUAL WEAKNESS,
„ Symptoms, 157
„ Causes, 158
„ Treatment, 158
„ Regimen, 163
WOMB, falling down of the, 163
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
OF
FEMALE COMPLAINTS.
MENSTRUATION.
Description.
The menstrual discharge is liable, from many causes, to become
obstructed at the period when it ought to appear; when this takes
place it is attended with very painful or serious effects; and, if nature
is not assisted, the health is impaired or the constitution
undermined, inducing consumption or some other complaint.
Causes.
The remote cause of this complaint is most frequently suppressed
perspiration; and it may arise, in part, from an inactive sedentary
life, and such habits as are peculiar to the higher classes of society,
particularly in cities and towns. The proximate cause of it seems to
be a want of power in the system, arising from inability to propel the
blood into the uterine vessels with sufficient force to open their
extremities and to allow a discharge of blood from them.
Symptoms.
Heaviness, listlessness to motion, fatigue on the least exercise,
palpitation of the heart, pains in the back, loins, and hips, flatulence,
acidities in the stomach and bowels, costiveness, a preternatural
appetite for chalk, lime, and various other absorbents, together with
many other dyspeptic symptoms. As it advances in its progress the
face becomes pale, and afterward assumes a yellowish hue, even
verging upon green, whence it has been called green sickness; the
lips lose their rosy color; the eyes are encircled with a livid areola;
the whole body has an unhealthy appearance, with every indication
of a want of power and energy in the constitution; the feet are
affected with swellings; the breathing is much hurried by any great
exertion of the body; the pulse is quick, but small; and the person is
liable to a cough, and to many of the symptoms of hysteria.
Sometimes a great quantity of pale urine is discharged in the
morning, and not unfrequently hectic fever attends. In cases of a
more chronic character there is a continued, though variable, state of
sallowness, yellowness, darkness, or a wan, squalid, or sordid
paleness of complexion, or ring of darkness surrounding the eyes,
and extending perhaps a little toward the temples and cheeks.
Treatment.
As this disease proceeds from debility, it is evident that the great
object to be fulfilled will be to give tone and energy to the system;
and if this debility has arisen from a sedentary life, the patient must
begin immediately to exercise in the open air, and, if practicable, to
change her residence. The tepid or warm bath should be used in
preference to the cold. The first medicine given may be the
pulverized mandrake root, combined with a little cream of tartar.
This, as well as other medicines, should be taken upon an empty
stomach: after it has been given, motherwort, pennyroyal, and other
herb teas may be freely drunk. After the exhibition of the purgative,
which may be occasionally repeated, gum aloes may be taken,
combined in such a manner as to prevent the piles. This medicine,
from its action upon the uterus through the medium of the rectum, is
very useful in retention of the menses. Emmenagogues, or “forcing
medicines,” should not be used to bring on the menses, except there
be a struggle or effort of nature to effect it, which may be known by
the periodical pains and pressing down about the hips and loins.
When this occurs let the feet be bathed, and perspiration promoted,
by drinking freely of diluent teas, such as pennyroyal, motherwort,
and garden thyme. Should considerable pains attend the complaint,
eight or ten grains of the diaphoretic powders may be given, and
fomentations of bitter herbs applied over the region of the womb.
Desomeaux’s Portuguese Pills are now recommended as the best
specific, especially if the disease proves obstinate.
The female should be very careful not to expose herself to the
vicissitudes of the weather, and not suffer the feet or clothes to
become wet: warm clothing must be worn, and particularly flannel.
For pain apply a heated brick, covered, to the bowels.
The diet should be light, nutritious, and easy of digestion.
SUPPRESSION OF THE MENSES.
Description.
In this disease there is a partial or total obstruction of the menses
in women from other causes than pregnancy and old age. The
menses should be regular as to the quantity and quality; that this
discharge should observe the monthly period, is essential to health.
When it is obstructed, nature makes her efforts to obtain for it some
other outlet; if these efforts of nature fail, the consequence may be,
fever, pulmonic diseases, spasmodic affections, hysteria, epilepsy,
mania, apoplexy, green sickness, according to the general habit and
disposition of the patient. Any interruption occurring after the
menses have once been established in their regular course, except
when occasioned by conception, is always to be considered as a case
of suppression. A constriction of the extreme vessels, arising from
accidental events, such as cold, anxiety of mind, fear, inactivity of
body, irregularities of diet, putting on damp clothes, the frequent use
of acids and other sedatives, &c., is the cause which evidently
produces a suppression of the menses. This shows the necessity for
certain cautions and attentions during the discharge. In some few
cases it appears as a symptom of other diseases, and particularly of
general debility in the system, showing a want of due action of the
vessels. When the menses have been suppressed for any considerable
length of time, it not unfrequently happens that the blood which
should have passed off by the uterus, being determined more
copiously and forcibly to other parts, gives rise to hemorrhages;
hence it is frequently poured out from the nose, stomach, lungs, and
other parts, in such cases. At first, however, febrile or inflammatory
symptoms appear, the pulse is hard and frequent, the skin hot, and
there is a severe pain in the head, back, and loins. Besides, the
patient is likewise much troubled with costiveness, colic pains, and
dyspeptic and hysteric symptoms.