isxy, idys;H ix.

%yh
10 fY%aKsh
06 mdvu # .x.dfõ ix.S;h

jdr úNd.j,g wfmalaIs;

úpdr m%Yak i|yd wdo¾Y ms<s;=re

úoHd,hSh wdpd¾h
,ysre orKl=Uqr
0717042377 $ 0779970906
lúh hkq l=ula o @

lúh hkq l=ula oe hs w¹:l:kh ls ¦ug w;Í;fha isg u fmr wmr fo †. idys;H úpdrlfh`
W;aidy oerEy' tfy;a lúh hkq l=ula oehs lshd ksYaÑ; fmd¦ w¹: oelaù ula ke;;a lúh ms<sn| úúO
w¹:l:k lsysmhla fufia h'

 “ rih wd;auh fldg .;a jelsh lúhhs ” ^ úYajkd: &

 “ tla;eka jQ Yíoh yd w¹:h ldjH fõ ” ^ reøg &
 “ ru²h wre;a m%;smdokh lrk Yíoh ldjH fõ ” ^ c.;akd: &
 “ lúh jkdys fyd| u jpk fyd| u ms<sfj<g fh°u fõ” ^ tia' à' fld,a×– &
 “ lúh hkq wkq;aidyl j .,d tk m%n, yeÛÍï fõ'” ^ ú,shï j¹âiaj¹;a &
lúhla ri ú£fï § úpdrlhd úiska i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKq
1& lúhdf.a mrud¹:h l=ula o @ hk j.
lúhd mejiÍug woyia lrk wruqK idlaId;a lr .ekÍu i|yd Tyq úiska úIh lr .;a w;aoelÍu
ukd j újrKh lr ;sìh hq;= h' fuh f;audj $ jia;= úIh $ m%ia;=;h $ ikao¹Nh $ wkqN+;sh $
ldjHdkqN+;sh $ WoafoaYh f,i o ye¢kafõ'

2& tu mrud¹:h uq¦kam;a lr .ekÍu i|yd Wmhqla; lr .;a ldfjHdaml%u ljf¹ o @ hk j.

lúhd Wmhqla; lr .;a NdIdj, fhdod f.k we;s ixl,am rEm yd w,xldr ^ Wmud $ rEml $
ixfla; $ W;am%di $ W;afm%alaIdj $ iajNdfj`la;sh''''' wd†h&, ú×; ^ .Í $ i|eia $ ksi|eia & fy` ×oauh
^ t<siuh $ wkqm%dih & iy lúhd wNdih ,nd we;s iïm%odhh ^ mer³ ldjH iïm%odh $ cklú iïm%odh $
fy< yjqf,a iïm%odh $ fld<U hq.fha iïm%odh $ ksi|eia iïm%odh & ms<sn| úuid ne,Íula úpdrh uÛska is¦
l< hq;= h'
3& lúhdf.a mrud¹:h id¹:l o @ wid¹:l o @ hk j.

 ^fld<U hq.fha m<uq lú mrmqr&

 ^fld<U hq.fha fojeks lú mrmqr&

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tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u lúhd ^1918 - 1973&

1918 %s
යේ `

ප%කට විය. — ˜

-
 -

එ 1973 21

l=v ,s. u lúhdf.a —.x.dfõ ix.S; h˜ iïmQ¾ K moH mka; sh

l÷ nEjqu l ox - fndaúá m ÷re ;<d wyfia lkl f¾Ld oel wreKq fjf,a
m y<g we§ mr u ,a fm;s bj; fk d<d ish¨ u l=re,af,da /ia ù fo f;r lef,a
l,foda Èfhka fmdÕjd r ka m q,sk ;,d ó-heis
wyfiaúß;a lkl ire ießoel
f¾Ld iqr wreKq
.oU l=fjf,a
f,a
ix.S; j;a ù hñ bÈßhg .,d W.ksish; ¨s uf.ka
u l=re,ath f,daidys ;hlg
/ia ù fo f;r wef,a
lef,a
ó-heis úß;a ire ieß iqr .oU l=f,a
ieÕ fjñ - tfnñ - ksii, fjñ - ii, fjñ wUW.ksu,a ; fmdl=
s uf.kare jeks iqÿ ;
th idys fmK
hlgnqnq¿ ujd
wef,a
weU frñ - tfy;a m iq fkdnisñ - fkd k j;sñ jk foõ ,sfhda tys kj fmï m~qre rejd
ljod fld;ekl È f yda u y u qyqÿ ysñ m‚jqwUvu,a msgfmdl=
;a fldg ks,a iq
re jeks Èh ;rÕ nqnq¿
ÿ fmK ,jd ujd
yu q jqK q flfKys ud i;= nr T yqg foñ iekfy;s
jk foõud,siuÕ fhda tys oyj,a
kj fmï oji m~qre f.jdrejd
m‚jqv msg;a fldg ks,a Èh ;rÕ ,jd
tk af ka fldys isg o - fld;eklg o hkafka lrÈhiekfy;s Wrd îuduqiuÕ yqfoysoyj,a
/¢h oji fkdyS
f.jd
T n l=u lg o ud ÿgq ;ek úu ikafka .k ks,a j,dl=¿ Èj tk kuqÿ fuyS
ñ k si qk a .sy ska k s;r u wdmiq tk afka l÷j,lrÈhyemS Wrdweo î uqyef,ñka
yqfoys /¢h ìug ,syS
fkdyS
lsu oe hs lshd lsisj l= wehs@ fk d fidhkafka fl<jr
.k ksud iuÕ¿uy
,a j,dl= Èjuqtkyqogkuq uÿ nyS
fuyS
l÷j, yemS weo yef,ñka ìug ,syS
jk foõf,dfõ yeu rih u tlg fjÆ ó fl<jr
wU - lsrud , iuÕ
- udoï uy f.äuqyqo<ore
g u úfhanyS
fkd wefik isyska fl¢ß,a,;a wefik iqÆ welfhys fy<d y`vjhs ie`v iq<Õ /fha
ksii, ryia ;eklska ysre t<sh neÆ iq<ós uwU eo -le/flñka
lsr, - udoï b÷ks
f.ä ,a .eUq re
<ore Èfha
úfha
i,l=Kq lshhs ;ju;a fï j;=r oÆ iuwelfhys
yr ;ekl fy<d,iai k u ,a ie`v
y`vjhs lel=`M iq<Õ ;sf/ hafha
iq< s u e o le/flñka b÷ks,a .eUqre È fha
úisÍ hk mßÈ rka iuk¨ka frdo ysßiuu ,ayr isk d /<s ,ia
;ekl fmK ikmu s`v,a
q lel=`M ñysß;u ;s f ha
jk u,a m÷re foorjñka uq,ska weo .,a m r j, u yems yems ìys lrñ uu
Wv mek kg kgd weúÈka .su ka is| iuysß ;eks
u ,a;is,dj,kd /<s yufmKq fjhsm s`vq w,ilu
ñysß;u
ke<fjñ l=re,a,kaf.a rc oyka ueo k sr.,a
ihsmw;ruÕ r j, u yems wjysyems
r k qÿìys
gq lrñ ìuu u
iu ;eks;,dj, yu q fjhs w,ilu
iemj;a fjù rg ueo ysßlv jeiafika ñk ksisrqk
ihsa bjqw;ruÕ
rej, hk wjystkr wä k qÿgq ioafoka ìu
fla;ls .=yd Wla fldgq fj,a t<s Tiafika <h hg ii, nj ñka u ;= fk d k efÕoafoka
fya o~q ng m÷re ks,a ´úá wiafika flláh
ñ k si qk´ ¨ k<s
a bjqrej, hkhk Èhtk /<swä u eoaf oka
ioa foka
wdfhñ ksoyfia fojÕk miq miafika u ,a<h fmhg ;s úh<s
ii,fld< nj ñka tkuw;lg;= toaf oka
fk d k efÕoa fo ka
flláh ´ ¨ k<shk Èh /<s u eoaf oka
uy y~ È § jia o~q ;d,hg y~d r kua ,a
;re fmm;ssßúh<sjrd .;a fld< i|tk u `v,
w;lg hg
toa f oka
l÷ /,sj,ska weo yef,ñka fkd ú| úvd u y jk ìula ueo .sß l=`M w;r isg
jk foõ,shkaf.a .ïudkhl l=vd fkrdñhk
k a ;refya m,sßs jrd
oyul .;ami| Ksjuqv`v,h m sghg
lerflñ iskd /,s u;= fldg bjqre lvd fld÷rñ
u y jkfl¢ßhla ìula ueouq`.s Mßf,djl=`M w;r
k si, fldgisg
fk dñhk fya,s oyul m Ksj qvh mg
s
Bhï meyeh veye .;a Èh ;rÕ hg fld÷rñ fl¢ßhla uq`M f,dj k si, fldg
úksúo .syska ßú /ia fl¢ kgk úg
ñ‚ fuka nen<s nen<S f,dj Wu;= fldg
m;af,ys iskdfihs .,a leg fndr¨ leg
úpdr wxl 01
;u w;a±lSu rij;a j bÈßm;a lsÍug lúhd NdIdj fhdod we;s f.k we;s wdldrh —.x.dfõ ix.S;h˜
moH mka;sh weiqfrka ksoiqka ;=kla ^03la& j;a imhñka idlÉPd lrkak'

" isxy, fI,S " hk kñka úpdrlhkaf.a we.hSug md;% jQ tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u lúhd" fidnd
iqkaor;ajh uy;a wNsreÑfhka j¾Kkd l< fld<U hq.fha fojk mrmqrg wh;a fi!kao¾Hhjd§ lúfhls'
t;=uka úiska rÑ; .x.dfõ ix.S;h moH mka;sh " —ñksia Èúh yd fidnd oyu˜ w;r we;s in`o;dj od¾Yksl
njlska hqla; j bÈßm;a lrkakls' fuys§ lúhd Wmfhda.S fldgf.k we;s —NdIdj˜ fuu ks¾udKfha
id¾:l;ajhg fya;= ù we;s nj úfYaIfhka i`oyka l< hq;= h'

" l÷ nEjqul ox - fndaúá m÷re ;<d

my<g we§ mr u,a fm;s bj; fkd<d
l,foda Èfhka fmd`.jd rka mq,sk ;,d
ix.S;j;a ù hñ bÈßhg .,d "
moH mka;sfha wdrïNl ldjHfha oelafjk mßÈ l÷ nEjqfï bjqre fomi jeù we;s ox - fndaúáhd
m÷re mjd hg lrf.k tjdhska Èhg tl;= jk mr jQ u,a fm;s o weo f.k ;u ߧ meye;s c,fhka rkajka
je,s ;,djka f;;a lrñka ix.S; rdj kxjñka uy;a cjiïmkak núka hq;= j bÈßhg .,d hk nj
mjikafka" ke;fyd;a wm j wu;d lshkafka .x.djls' —.`.la˜ hkq wÔj jia;=jls'
tfy;a tn÷ .x.djlg iÔj;ajhla wdfrdamKh fldg —W;a;u mqreI oDIaá fldaKfhka˜ rÑ; fuu lú
mka;sfhys id¾:l;ajhg NdIdj m%n, fufyhla bgq fldg we;' ;eka lsysmhl yereKq úg lúhd nyq, j
fhdodf.k we;af;a iïNdjH NdId Í;sh fkdj ir, fmdÿ ck nia jyrhs'
" ie`.fjñ - tfnñ - ksi i, fjñ - ii, fjñ
weUfrñ - tfy;a miq fkdnisñ - fkd kj;sñ
ljod fld;ekl§ fyda uy uqyqÿ ysñ
yuqj qKQ flfKys ud i;= nr Tyqg foñ "
.f`.ys úúO wjia:d iy iajrEm olajñka —W;a;u mqreI tal jpk wLHd; mo 07 la˜ tl fm<g
fhdoñka lúhd NdIdj u`.ska Yío udOQ¾hh cks; lr we;s jdla muKla fkdj tu`.ska .`.l ú,dih ms<sn`o
—Ñ;a; rEm˜ wm bÈßfha f.k yer olajd we;' l=v,s.u lúhd ;u ldjHdkqN+;s h ^ldjHuh w;a±lSu& wm
fj;g bÈßm;a lsÍfï § idïm%odhsl lú iufha tk fhÿï mjd ;u f;audjg .e<fmk mßÈ ir, núka hq;=
j bÈßm;a fldg ;sîu fuu lú fmf<ys ±lsh yels ;j;a fjfiia ,l=Kls'
" rka ;re msß jrd.;a i`o u`v, hg "
" uy jk ìula ueo .sß l=` M w;r isg "
" iq< s ueo lerflñka b`ÿks, a .eUqr e Èfha "
;re msßjrd.;a i`o u`v," jk ueo msysá .sß l=`M b`ÿks,a .eUqre Èh wd§ fhÿï idïm%odhsl lú
iufhys o wmg yuqfõ' ;jo isxy, NdId joka u`.ska kef`.k rih" ;u lú is;sú,s bÈßm;a lsÍug iqÿiq
fia ia:dk.; lsÍug l=v,s.u lúhd iu;aj we;s njg my; lúh l§u ksoiqkls'
" ñksiqka bjqrej, hk tk wä ioafoka
<h hg ii, nj ñka u;= fkd kef`.oafoka
flláh ´¨ k<shk Èh /<s ueoafoka
u,a fm;s úh<s fld< tk w;lg toafoka "
ioaf oka" fkd kef`.oaf oka" ueoaf oka" toaf oka hkqfjka mo w.g t<siuh msysgqjd we;af;a lsisÿ
wdhdihlska f;drj h' tfuka u fuu lfjys úáka úg wkqm%did;aul j fh§ we;s "," ldrh u`.ska o lúhg
tla j we;af;a wdf,dalhls' .x.dfjys .uka u`. wmQ¾j jQ iqkaor;ajhlska hqla; j w¾: rifhka yd Yío
rifhka wkQk j bÈßm;a lsÍu i`oyd l=v,s.u lúhd NdIdj uekúka Wmfhda.S fldg f.k we;s wdldrh
by; ksoiqka u`.ska wmg fmkajd Èh yels h'
úpdr wxl 02
—.x.dfõ ix.S;h˜ keue;s moH mka;sfhka fy<sorõ flfrk Ôjk o¾YkfhA iajrEmh oDIagdka; ;=kla
^03la& j;a foñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

fld<U hq.fha fojeks lú mrmqrg wh;a tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u lúhd ks¾udKh l< " .x.dfõ
ix.S;h " keue;s moH mka;sh" yqfola fi!kao¾h jia;=jla ms<sn`o wNsreÑfhka lrk jekqula muKla u
fkdfõ' th —.x.dj˜ keue;s fidnd iqkaor;ajfhka hq;= jia;=j ,jd lúhdf.a wkqN+;shla fyj;a wNsreÑhla
rislhd fj; uqod yeÍula o jkafka h' tu w;a±lSu Tyq ,nd we;af;a mßir jia;+ka yd ñksia Ôú; foi
ishqï j ish ksÍlaIKdlaIsh fy<Sfuks'

" tkafka fldys isg o fld;eklg o hkaf ka

Tn l=u lg o ud ÿgq ;ek úuikaf ka
ñksi qk a .sy sk a ks; ru wdmiq tkaf ka
lsu ± hs lsh d lsi sj l= wehs fkd fidhkaf ka "

fmdÿ ñksid ksrka;rfhka u yqre j isákafka mis`ÿrkag f.dapr jk ndysr fkdfyd;a wkH jQ foa
ms<sn`o ydrd wjqiaikakg h' .,k .`.la ÿgqj o tys Wm; th .,k Èidj .ek úuikakg mgka .kS'

tfy;a ;ud fï f,dalhg wdfõ ljr f,djl isg o ur‚ka miq hkakg isÿ jkafka fld;eklg o wdÈh
ms<sn`o fidhkakg wr ;rï Wkkaÿjla fyda jqjukdjla ñksidg ke;' tfy;a wjYHfhka u ;sìh hq;af;a o
tu jqjukdj u h' ñksid ;u Ôjk u. flfrys óg jvd ie,ls,su;a jkafka kï" ñksid mdm l¾uj,ska
je<flkq we;' fuu iudch wog jvd hym;a jkq we;' lúhdf.a wjfndaO lr .;a Ôú; ±lau thhs'

" flláh ´¨ k<sh k Èh /<s ueoaf oka

u,a fm;s úh<s fld< tk w;lg toaf oka "

.,k" ief<k Èh u; flláh ´¨ jeks u,a j¾. msmS c, ;,dj nn<jhs" iqj`o oi; m;=rejhs'
nUreka" .S ueiaika ko § ñksiqka le`ojhs' mßirfha iqkaor;ajhla ìys fldg wdiajdohla f.k fohs' tfia
jqjo ta w;ßka mr jQ u,a fm;s" .iaj,ska ye¨K úh<s fld< wdÈh Èh u; mdùfuka iqkaor;ajh w;r u
wiqkaor;ajh o mj;shs' tfy;a .x.dj iqkaor;ajh ú`Èkjd úkd mr u,afm;s úh<s fld< keue;s widr"
wiqkaor;ajh fkd i,ld tajd tk w;lg taug bv yer n,d isáhs' úfgl iqkaor;ajh f.k ÿka foh úfgl
wiqkaor;ajh o wmg fmkajk nj lúhd ish ksÍlaIK Yla;sfhka wkdjrKh lr f.k we;'

" ysß u,a iskd /<s fmK ms` vq ñysß ;u

.,a mrj, u yems yemS ìys lrñ uu
iu ;eks;,dj, yuqfjhs w,ilu
ksr ihs w;ru`. wjysr kqÿgq ìu "

Ôjk .ufka § ;ud lrd t,a, fjk ±ä ÿla lror ndOd" wNsfhda. we;;a tajdfhys ßÿu yd
lkiai,a, wu;l fldg" iskd imsß uqj u`v,lska hqla; j Ôj;a ùfuys fYa%IaG;ajh by; lúfha uq,a fo
mofhka wmg mjihs' taldldÍ Ôjk meje;au " w,i" Wlg,S njla Ôú;hg f.k tk fyhska ndOd wjysr
w;r wNsfhda. ch .ksñka Ôú;h Èkd .ekSu lúhd fjfiiska u w.h fldg we;' lúhd fufia mejiQ fha
'ÿl iem ks;s fmrf<a ' hkak wgf,daoyug wjk; jQjla neõ isys lrjk wáfhks '

fï moHdj,sh ;=< § wjia:dj ,efnk yeuúgl u lúhd i`oyka lr we;af;a udkj Èúh ms<sn|
Tyqf.a ishqï ksÍlaIKhka h' —Ôú;fha wúksYaÑ; nj" we;sùu yd ke;s ùu" ÿl wi, u iem o mej;Su"
ixidr .ufka wksh; nj" ukd j mila lr f.k ÿl fodïki" i;=g fidïki njg yrjd f.k ixidr
.uk ms<sn`o h:djfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu W;=ï h˜ hk od¾Yksl ksÍlaIKh fmdÿfõ .;a l, wmg fuu moH
mka;sh u.ska l=v,s.uhka bÈßm;a lr we;s nj wmg fmkS hhs'
úpdr wxl 03
lúhd wÔú mßirhg iÔú njla wdfrdamKh lrñka —.x.dfõ ix.S;h˜ moH mka;sh id¾:lj bÈßm;a
lrk wdldrh úuikak'

fld<U hq.fha fojeks lú mrmqr ksfhdackh l< fi!kao¾hjd§ lúhl= jQ tÉ'tï' l=v,s.uf.a
".x.dfõ ix.S;h" hk moH mka;shg jia;= úIh jQfha .,d nisk .`.l wisßhhs' .f`.ys wisßh ms<sn`o j¾Kkd
lsÍfï § lúhd .`. .ek lrk j¾Kkdjla f,i fkdj" .`. ;uka .ek lrk mqoa.,dfrda mK ^Ôú;dfrdamKh&
j¾Kkdjla f,i fuu moH mka;sh bÈßm;a fldg we;' mqoa.,dfrdamK j¾Kkdj hkq wÔù jia;=jla iÔù whl=
fia i,ld j¾Kkd lsÍuhs'

wm%dKjdÖ jia;=jla jQ .`. m%dKjdÖ jia;=jla fia ksrEmKh lsÍu i|yd lúhd moH ks¾udKfha §
W;a;u mqreIhg wh;a Wla; moH yd ls%hdmo /ila fhdod f.k we;'

" ie`.fjñ - tfnñ ksi i, fjñ ii, fjñ

weUfrñ - tfy;a miq fkd nisñ fkd kj;sñ
ljod fld;ekl È fyda uy uqy qÿ ysñ
yuq jqK q flfKys ud i;= nr Tyqg foñ "

fuu moH mka;sfhys uu" ud" ie`.fjñ" tfnñ hkd§ W;a;u mqreI jpk fhdod .ekSu ksid .`. mK
we;s Ôúhl= fia mdGl is; ;=< rEmld¾:hla ujhs' .x.d fldu,shf.a wjidk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j jkafka uy uqyqo
kue;s ;u iajdñhd fj; .uka lsÍuhs" ;uka fuf;la ÿr f.k wd uyd c, ial kaOh kue;s nr Tyq fj; Ndr
§uhs' tneúka .x.dj fj; iÔù njla muKla fkd j" ia;%S;ajhla wdfrdamKh lr fidnd fid÷re nj ;j;j;a
;Sj% lsÍug lúhd iu;a j we;'

.`.la ÿgqúg th wdrïN jkafka fld;ekska o" .,d niskafka l=uk ;eklg o hk iajdNdúl isoaëka
ms<sn`o m%Yakdj,shla ´kE u whl=f.a is;g kef.hs' fujeks m%Yakdj,shla mdol lr .kakd lúhd th .x.dj
;udg u lshd .kakd —wd;au NdIKhla˜ f,i bÈßm;a lrhs'

" tkaf ka fldys isg o fld;eklg o hkaf ka

Tn l=u lg o ud ÿgq ;ek úuikaf ka
ñksi qk a .sy sk a ks; r u wdmiq tkaf ka
lsu ±hs lsh d lsi sf jl= wehs fkd fidhkaf ka "

lúhd fuys fh¥ —tkafka fldys isg o @" —fld;eklg o hkafka @˜" —Tn ud ÿgq ;ek úuikafka
l=ulg o @˜ hkqfjka fhdod.;a m%Yakje, mqoa.,hl= fjk;a flfkl=f.ka wik m%Yak f,i ksrEmKh lr we;'
—ñksiqka .syska ks;r u wdmiq meñKSu .ek lsisjl=;a úuikafka ke;s o @˜ hk m%Yakh wd;au NdIKhla f,i
bÈßm;a lr we;' fuhska .`. wÔú jia;=jla f,iska fkd j iÔù mqoa.,hl= fia wmg Ñ;a; rEm uefjhs' lúhd
wÔù mßirhg iÔù njla wdfrdam Kh lsÍug wd;au NdIKhl wdldrfhka mqoa.,dfrdamK ldjHd,xldrh uekúka
fhdod f.k we;'

" ysß u,a isk d /<s fmK ms`vq ñ ysß ;u

.,a mrj, u yems yems ìys lrñ uu
iu ;eks; ,dj, yuq fjhs w,ilu
ksr ihs w;ruÕ wjysr kqÿ gq ìu "
.Õ .,d hoa§ .,amrj, yemS fmK ms~q úisfrhs' iuyr ;ekaj, § th WodiSk j fifuka .,d
hhs' lúhd fuu isÿùu o mqoa.,dfrdamK j¾Kkdjla f,i bÈßm;a lrhs' wÔù .Õlg isky keÕsh yels o @ .Õ
.,amrj, yefmk úg iqfoda iqÿ meyefhka úisfrk kejqï fmK ms~q wms oel we;af;uq' .Õla kÕk —ysßu,a iskd
/<s˜ hkq tu ñysß;u fmK ms~q h' lúhd fuys fhdod f.k we;s mqoa.,dfrdamK fhÿï uÕska .Õla hkq wÔj
fohla fkd j" Ôú;fha fkdfhl=;a wNsfhda.j,g iskyuqiq j uqyqK fok" úfgl w,ilu oefkk" ri - kSri
y÷kk mqoa.,hl=f.a rEmldhla wm bÈßfhys uefjhs'

fukhska n,k l, tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u lúhd wÔú mßirhg iÔú njla wdfrdamKh lrñka —.x.dfõ
ix.S;h˜ moH mka;sh id¾:lj bÈßm;a lrk we;s wdldrh by; WodyrK úuiSfuka wmg m%;Shudk fõ'