M.

ANCHETA’S PROTAGONIST IN THE FILM DOLL HOUSE:

A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Michelle V. Dialogo
dialogom@cnu.edu.ph
Doctor of Arts in Literature and Communication

Cebu Normal University

Osmeña Boulevard, Cebu City, Philippines

Abstract

This study examines the socio-psychological adversities faced by the protagonist

in M. Ancheta’s film Doll House. Specifically, it delves into the characterization, theme,
societal impacts, psychological impacts, and literary output crafted based on the
findings. This study is supported by the literary theories of Plato’s Sociological Mimesis,
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic, and Meredith and LaTasha Evan’s Social Exchange.
The qualitative methodology is used in this study, with discourse analysis as the data
collection method. The study highlighted key characters: Rustin, depicted as a failed
musician, husband, son, and drug-addicted father, serving as the protagonist; Yumi,
Rustin's daughter; Sheena, a nurturing mother figure; Rachelle, Yumi's aunt and second
mother; and Bok, Yumi's uncle and guardian. The findings of the study include
sociological themes of stigmatization and marginalization, family dynamics and
relationships, alongside psychological aspects such as peer influence, and inadequate
coping mechanisms and support. In addition, the societal impacts revealed in the study
are family dysfunction and instability, premature death, stigmatization and
discrimination. The psychological impacts also comprise complex family relationships,
abandonment and neglect, and withdrawal symptoms and mental distress. Based on
the findings of the study, the literary output crafted is a vlog titled Resilience Beyond
Addiction: Real Stories of Triumph Over Drug Addiction which discusses the
motivational stories of those who have bravely faced and battled the dreadful
challenges of drug addiction. Furthermore, the study exposes the complex history of the
drug addiction problems portrayed in the film. These results prompt a heightened
awareness of the multiple societal, psychological, and individual factors interspersed in
the context of drug addiction.

Keywords: drug addiction, protagonist, psychological, societal, sociological, theme

INTRODUCTION

Drug addiction has a terrible impact on a person's mental state, actions, and
social relationships. Still, the long-term consequences of drugs on the human body can
slowly deteriorate essential systems and functions, leading to lifelong disability or even
death (Editorial Staff, 2023). The misuse and overuse of drugs raise several social and
moral issues. Conflicting attitudes against drug use in contemporary communities
contribute to the complexity of these kinds of problems. Values can be influenced by a
variety of things, such as societal, religious, and individual viewpoints. Inequalities over
numerous issues regarding drug usage can come from significant differences in values
and perspectives within one society (Drug Use | Recreational Drug Use, Drug Abuse, &
Psychotropic Drugs, 2023).

Illicit use of drugs has played a prominent role in society's discourse since the 1960s.
Campaigns and initiatives aimed at informing the general public about the risks of drug
usage and how people and societies can deal with drug-related issues have had a
significant impact on this increased understanding of drugs and their effects. The
debate over whether to legalize currently illegal drugs is one of the most contentious
problems surrounding current drug abuse (Drug Use | Recreational Drug Use, Drug
Abuse, & Psychotropic Drugs, 2023).

In the United States, drug misuse is on the rise despite improvements in health,
treatment, and anti-drug efforts. In the past month, 22.2% of full-time college learners
reported using an illegal drug, according to data from the National Survey on Substance
Use and Health. They admitted to using a variety of substances, such as marijuana,
cocaine, hallucinogens, heroin, and inhalants. The study's authors blamed the prevalent
party culture on American college campuses for the high prevalence of drug abuse. Due
to their surroundings, college students are more likely to abuse and become addicted to
drugs (Jake, 2023).

In the Philippines, when Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte took office on June 30,
2016, his administration began a historically aggressive campaign against illegal drugs.
He pledged to address the nation's illegal drug problem, which he claimed was ruining
the lives of many Filipino families and the futures of the country's children. Targeting
consumers, dealers, makers, and supplies, he launched a "war on drugs" and urged the
Philippine criminal justice system to address the illegal drug crisis (Simbulan et al.,
2019).

Films can raise awareness of issues that affect individuals in all cultures and groups
through linking experiences. Hollywood is bringing attention to addiction to drugs and
the various ways it has impacted the nation. Although this subject has been covered on
the big screen previously such as in the Trainspotting movie, the narrative now includes
the growing destruction brought on by the addiction issue (Hui, Addiction on the Big
Screen: How Movies Portray Substance Abuse).

The film Doll House which is being studied, captivates audiences, winning their hearts,
and swiftly claims the top spot on Netflix’s list of popular films in the Philippines a mere
two days after its premiere. This remarkable achievement is not confined to local
success, as it also earned a prestigious place among Netflix's top-ranking films
worldwide, garnering recognition beyond borders.
On the other hand, Marla Ancheta, the film's director, expressed astonishment at the
overwhelming response received from the Filipino audience. Ancheta presumes that the
profound connection viewers formed with the film's themes and characters served as
significant contributing factors to its meteoric rise to fame.

In light of this issue, studying the origins, effects, and recovery of illegal drug addiction
is crucial because it may be used to explain the variations in worldviews and behaviors
seen in families where a member of the family is a drug addict. Globally, drug addiction
has been a serious issue for many years, several Western nations call for its
legalization while some conservative nations like the Philippines protest its extrajudicial
killings. Additionally, literature notably in film provides the best representation of drug
addiction through M. Ancheta’s 2022 top-billed Doll House.

This study holds substantial relevance in both the Literature and Communication
disciplines, serving as a valuable resource for academics engaged in student
discussions, seminars, and public speaking engagements. Furthermore, it bears
significance for literary researchers aiming to delve deeper into the realms of
Psychoanalytical and Sociological Mimesis literary-critical historical theories, leveraging
the study's findings as a cornerstone for their investigations. Lastly, this research carries
significance for families navigating the complexities of a drug-addicted parent, offering
insights that may aid in comprehending the disorder and providing guidance on
navigating the challenges of parenting within such households.

Theoretical Background

This study is supported by the literary theories of Plato’s Sociological Mimesis,

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic, and Meredith and LaTasha Evan’s Social Exchange.

According to Plato, Mimesis represents the outward image of things. Reality, in his
opinion, might be discovered in the domain of ideas rather than the world of objects. As
a result, Plato sees the arts as not only superior to philosophy and science but also a
possible cause of corruption. Although his definition of copying evolved throughout time,
it drove him to take a progressively rigid and unforgiving stance toward artistic
innovation (Juan-Navarro).

Mimesis is a fundamental theoretical concept in the development of art. The word is

Greek and indicates "imitation" (albeit "re-presentation" rather than "copying"). Mimesis
was defined by Plato and Aristotle as the representation of nature. All artistic
production, according to Plato, is a sort of imitation: what truly exists (in the "world of
ideas") is a type created by God; the concrete objects man observes in the real world
are shadowy representations of this perfect type. As a result, the artist, the tragedian,
and the musician are all mimics of an imitation, two steps distant from reality. When
discussing tragedy, Aristotle emphasized that drama was an "imitation of an action"—
that of a man falling from an elevated position to a lower estate. In Hamlet's speech to
the actors, Shakespeare described the objective of playing as "...holding, as 'twere, the
mirror up to nature." Thus, an artist may consciously seek to "imitate" the
 Figure 1. A Schematic Presentation of the Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework of the Study

motion of life by carefully choosing and presenting his material (The Editors of
Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Mimesis | Art”).

A few concepts are utilized in the author's imaginative writing approach, and via the
analysis of content, it gets seen how the resembling of things and circumstances is
related to life using Mimetic theory. Understanding how the unconscious mind controls
cognitive processes in ways that obstruct normal psychological functioning is the main
goal of the psychoanalytic approach. It is based on the fundamental tenet that
unconscious biological factors shape human behavior and are frequently rooted in a
person’s earliest attempts to satisfy his or her most basic wants (Nash).

Applying Plato's mimesis theory to illegal drug addiction entails taking into account how
people may be influenced by representations of drug use in literature, the arts, or the
media. Drug use is frequently portrayed in art, literature, and the media in a variety of
ways, sometimes glorifying or romanticizing it. Plato proposes that these portrayals
produce a false copy of reality, potentially normalizing or elevating drug use in a way
that misleads people into thinking it is desirable or appropriate. In the case of drug
addiction in the movie, when drug use is portrayed in art as attractive and enjoyable it
may encourage people to duplicate such actions, which may result in addiction or
experimentation.

Sigmund Freud developed the psychological approach and theory of psychoanalysis,

which aims to delve into the unconscious mind to understand deeply ingrained
emotional patterns and unearth suppressed sensations. It frequently employs methods
that include analysis of dreams and free association. The fundamental tenet of
psychoanalysis is that every person has unconscious feelings, wants, memories, and
thoughts. According to Freud, tensions that originate during the Oedipal stage of
development cause neurotic issues in later life. The immature ego may be unable to
handle these conflicts at the moment, so they are repressed (Mcleod).

Moreover, the foundation of Freud's psychoanalytic beliefs is his conviction that an

individual's early experiences shape the kinds of personality that that person develops
in maturity and that any traumatic events that occur in childhood may produce
unfavorable personality traits in age. His theories incorporate psychoanalytic methods,
the topographic framework of the mind, the structural framework of personality, anxiety
defense mechanisms, and stages of psychosexual development (Kaur).

Psychoanalytic theory may imply that the use of illegal drugs is linked to suppressed or
evaded subconscious desires or unresolved conflicts. Drug use by the protagonist in the
movie might offer an instant remedy for underlying psychological problems.

The foundation of Social Exchange Theory (SET) is the idea that people view their
interactions from an economic perspective. Individuals calculate the expenses
associated with being in a relationship and measure them against the benefits of being
in that partnership. Costs are those aspects of relationship life that hold no value for an
individual, such as the work required in a partnership or the downsides of a spouse.
According to Social Exchange Theory, the fulfillment of each party's self-interest drives
most interpersonal interactions. Self-interest is not always viewed negatively and can
sometimes strengthen bonds with others. Interpersonal interactions are compared to
economic transactions in which parties are satisfied when they obtain adequate returns
for their expenditures (West and Turner).

When Social Exchange Theory is used to analyze drug addiction, it shows how the
protagonist of the film's decision-making process and his social surroundings interact
dynamically with drug usage. Rustin chooses to engage in some activities, such as drug
use, based on a cost-benefit analysis in which the benefits are deemed to outweigh the
costs. For him, pleasure and stress reduction are examples of rewards, whilst social
consequences and health dangers are examples of costs. Additionally, Rustin, the film’s
protagonist, may decide to keep using drugs or stop depending on how they continue to
weigh the benefits and drawbacks in their social setting, emphasizing the importance of
interpersonal relationships and societal context.

Statement of the Problem

This study examines the socio-psychological adversities faced by the protagonist

in M. Ancheta’s film Doll House.

Specifically, it delves into:

 1. characterization;
2. theme;
3. societal impacts;
4. psychological impacts, and
5. literary output crafted based on the findings.

Review of Related Readings

Generally, social problem films are those that dramatize a particular set of issues
that they portray as broadly indicative of the circumstances surrounding their historical
period. Social problem films can overlap with other genres, like fantasy and science
fiction, humorous comedy, revisionist westerns, historical photographs, and biopics
because they aim to comment on the world outside the film. However, social problem
films are different from these genres in that they usually have settings that are
approximately in tandem with their time of release, and they typically use an
introspective and realistic mode of portrayal in connecting with their subject matter
(Social Problem Films).

This contextualization highlights the realistic way in which drug addiction and other
societal concerns are portrayed in films, a connection that is closely tied to the
sociological and psychological aspects of the study at hand.

In the 2017 Philippine film, "DAD: Durugin ang Droga," Allen Dizon portrays a father
whose drug addiction splits his family, pushing his wife and son down separate paths to
vice. Instead of igniting a real conversation on addiction to drugs, the movie utilizes this
hypothetical situation to give President Rodrigo Duterte's campaign against the
disintegration of the Filipino family a flimsy sense of legitimacy (Escober).

The article above highlights how cinematic representations of drug addiction may
intersect with political agendas, potentially influencing public perception and talk about
the issue in general.

The problem of why some people become addicts is still a mystery, but biological
psychologists may be close to finding a solution. It has long been understood that those
who struggle with addiction have underactive dopamine systems and have trouble
finding pleasure in everyday activities. After discarding the moralistic phantom
explanation, researchers studying addiction have two viable hypotheses to consider. An
addict is someone who has a susceptibility to some or all addictive drugs, according to
the illness model. Using drugs reinforces behavior, and addicts automatically learn to
repeat behaviors that have made them feel good. This provides an alternative
explanation (Barber).

A chronic disease called addiction is defined by an obsession with drugs and usage that
is difficult to stop despite its negative effects. The majority of people choose to use
drugs voluntarily at first. Still, continued drug use can result in brain changes that impair
an addict's capacity to control their behavior and prevent them from resisting strong
desires to use drugs. Drug addiction is seen as a "relapsing" disease because it can
lead to lasting brain alterations, making it more likely for those in treatment for
substance abuse disorders to relapse even after years without using the drug.
Consequently, many people do not comprehend whether or how other individuals
develop drug addictions. They may erroneously believe that drug users lack moral
standards or motivation and that they can end their drug use at any time by deciding to
do so. Addiction to drugs is a complicated illness, and quitting usually requires more
than just determination. Even people who desire to stop using drugs find it difficult to do
so because of the way drugs alter the brain. Fortunately, scientists have learned a great
deal about the way drugs disrupt brain function and have developed therapies that can
help people overcome drug addiction and have fulfilling lives (Understanding Drug Use
and Addiction DrugFacts | National Institute on Drug Abuse).

Drug misuse has a connection to or an influence on many of the nation's most pressing
social issues. When they were taken into custody for serious offenses, roughly half of
the people reported being under the effects of illegal drugs. Almost 400,000 people are
incarcerated as a result of drug charges. Every 20 seconds, someone was arrested in
2017 for offenses involving drugs.
The criminalization of drugs has long been a complex political problem with numerous
facets. Pre-arrest diversion programs are being implemented in dozens of US
communities as a first step toward decriminalization. For low-level drug-related arrests,
these programs refer clients to treatment or shelter instead of making an arrest (Nick).

Many Filipinos agree with Duterte's drug-use mindset, which dates back to the early
1970s when the "war on drugs" first began. Drug addicts were labeled "mental and
physical wrecks" and "worst criminals" in 1972 by Filipino bishops, who also said they
should get the highest punishments. Anticipating Duterte's claims, the Philippine
Supreme Court stated in 1988 that drug users become worthless, if not harmful,
members of society and sometimes even wind up among the living dead (Lasco).

The studies and literature discussed above are essential in the process of data
collection, analysis, and interpretation. They also provide a foundation for understanding
the issues associated with drug addiction.

METHODOLOGY

The qualitative method is used in this study employing discourse analysis as the
instrument for collecting and examining the data. A qualitative research method often
examines narrative data to find patterns, themes, and meanings to produce rich,
descriptive interpretations rather than using statistical analysis. This method offers a
more thorough understanding of social circumstances and subjective experiences by
enabling a detailed investigation of complex social phenomena (McCombes).

An important purpose of qualitative research, especially discourse analysis in this study,

is to examine drug addiction in different contexts. Researchers can investigate how
language, narratives, and social conversations influence actions, social constructions,
and perceptions about drug addiction by using discourse analysis. This approach allows
for a thorough analysis of the terminology used in addiction-related conversations,
revealing underlying assumptions, interpersonal dynamics, and social norms that shape
the perception and treatment of addiction. This study may discover how people and
communities create implications, stigmatize or destigmatize addiction, and arrange
identification within particular cultural and social contexts by using discourse analysis to
dissect the narratives around drug addiction. By illuminating the sociocultural elements
affecting attitudes, behaviors, and actual experiences of those struggling with addiction,
this method helps to unravel the complicated nature of drug addiction.

The primary source of data is the film Doll House streamed on Netflix on November 7,
2022. This film has a duration of an hour and 46 minutes and is directed by Marla
Ancheta. On the other hand, Netflix is an American over-the-top streaming service that
requires a subscription. The service, offered globally in several languages, mainly
delivers original and acquired movies and television shows of various genres. Founded
on January 16, 2007, Netflix, Inc. is the most popular video-on-demand media
streaming provider, with 238.39 million paying subscriptions in over 190 different
nations, almost a decade after Netflix, Inc. started its DVD-by-mail service. Marc
Randolph and Reed Hastings also established Netflix on August 29, 1997, in Scotts
Valley, California.

Other sources in the study are online interviews with filmmakers, books, articles,
published theses, and dissertations. Additional online-related readings are also utilized
for further references and evidence of the study.

The scope of the study is the Socio-Psychological analysis of M. Ancheta’s protagonist

in the film, Doll House. The support of the literary theories namely Sociological
Mimesis, Psychoanalytic, and Social Exchange also cover the scope since they are
used as the guide in the study. On the other hand, the study is limited to discussing the
characterization, themes, societal impacts, psychological impacts, and literary output
crafted based on the findings.

Furthermore, the study also has five phases: Phase 1 – Characterization, Phase 2 –
Theme, Phase 3 – Societal Impacts, Phase 4 -Psychological Impacts, and Phase 5-
Literary Output Crafted Based on the Findings.

Phase 1. Characterization Analysis

The first phase of the study looks into the characterization depicted in M.
Ancheta’s protagonist in the film, Doll House on its sociological and psychological
portrayal of drug addiction. A table is utilized in this phase.

Table 1. Characterization

Character Rol Sociological Portrayal Psychological Portrayal

e
Phase 2. Theme Analysis

The second phase of the study delves into the sociological and psychological
themes of M. Ancheta’s protagonist in the film, Doll House. A table is utilized in this
phase.

Table 2. Theme

Theme Sociological Theme Psychological

Phase 3. Societal Impact Analysis

The third phase of the study investigates the societal impacts of M. Ancheta’s
protagonist in the film Doll House on drug addiction. A table is utilized in this phase.

Table 3. Societal Impacts

Societal Scene
Impact
Phase 4. Psychological Impacts Analysis

The fourth phase of the study evaluates the Psychological impacts of M.

Ancheta’s protagonist in the film Doll House on drug addiction. A table is utilized in this
phase.

Table 4. Psychological Impacts

Psychological Impact Scene

Phase 5. Literary Output Crafted Based on the Findings

Finally, the fifth and last phase of the study is a literary output which is a vlog that
talks about the real stories of triumph over drug addiction. The content of the vlog is
crafted based on the findings of the study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered in the study.
The interpretation of the study includes characterization, themes, psychological
impacts, societal impacts, and produced output based on the findings.

Phase 1. Characterization Analysis

 This section presents the characterization revealed in M. Ancheta’s protagonist in
the film on its sociological and psychological portrayal of drug addiction

Table 1. Characterization

Characte Role Sociological Portrayal Psychological Portrayal

r

Rustin a failure musician, use of illegal drugs and unexpected death of his
spouse, son, drug- excessive drinking with best friend and bandmate
addicted father, his peers
and the
protagonist abandonment by her father's longing
Yumi father
daughter
having an unhealthy the anxiety she has
Sheena relationship she has experienced since
a mother and a with Rustin pregnancy until she raised
lovely woman. her child without a
husband on her side

when she knew that Yumi

that moment that she had a school audition for
Rachelle found out Rustin singing with Rustin
aunt and Yumi’s babysitting Yumi via a
second mother video call.
 the protagonist's turmoil
and his sister’s demise
that moment too when
Bok he found out that Rustin
uncle and a is Yumi’s father through
guardian Rachelle’s confession

Table 1 shows that Rustin, the protagonist in the film Doll House, is the main
focus. He performs in a rock band and puts in a lot of work and recreation while
maintaining a daily intake of alcohol and drugs which depicts his sociological portrayal.

Inumin na natin to. Iinumin na natin to.

(Let us just take these shots. Let‘s take
these shots.)

The psychological portrayal on the other hand becomes clearer when Rustin returns
home and discovers his father scolding him for continuing to live the same way without
realizing that his friend Diego already died from drug addiction.

Konting respeto naman o. Patay na nga yong tao eh.

(Give him a little respect. The guy is already dead).

He still vividly remembers Diego making a joke about people who have unfulfilled lives
being afraid to die during their band's drinking session. By the time he heard these
words from Diego, he had already been deeply affected by the realization that he had
left his family behind in Rotterdam. A week after Diego's death, Rustin decided to fly
back to Rotterdam.

Yumi is another character shown in Table 1. The film's sociological portrayal is

demonstrated by Yumi when she and her father Rustin try to get back those years they
missed each other. Her father made the most of his time as her babysitter where he
pretended to be Tito Clyde (Uncle Clyde), using it as an opportunity to reclaim all the
things he had lost as a father. Yumi's father becomes alienated from his family due to
his addiction to drugs while he stays in the Philippines along with his bandmates.

Gusto ko lang naman kilalanin ang anak ko eh.

Alam ko Bok na may marami akong pagkukulang.
(I just want to know my daughter. Yes I know Bok
that I have many shortcomings.)

Yumi demonstrates her psychological characterization by expressing her longing for her
father even though she is aware that he has already suffered a stroke. Her last
memories of him were their trips to picturesque locations and playing with her father
such as building her doll houses and rocket ships. When her mother died in a car
accident, her aunt and uncle took on the role of her parents, but she is not told the truth
about his father either.

Mommy told me that he got well and went back to the

Philippines. It was not until a few years ago that they
told me the truth. Uncle Clyde is my biological father,
and he is a drug addict. After he went back to the
Philippines, he went to rehab. He wanted to get help
to get better, but he relapsed when his father my
grandfather I never met, died. That's all they really
know and remember about him. But for me, I knew a
different man.

Table 1 in addition shows Sheena as a mother and lovely woman in the film. Sheena
demonstrates her sociological portrayal when her family dynamics shift, and she sees
herself dealing with challenges in keeping a wholesome family environment. She
witnessed her husband Rustin as a person without goals in life. All of these added
obligations cause her exhaustion on her whole being.

Ano ba talaga ang plano mo sa buhay ha?

Banda banda tapos gagamit ka lang.
Ganon lang? Ang problema dito is wala kang
long term plans. (What do you plan for your life?
Just play in a band and do drugs. Is that it? The
real problem here is that you don’t have long-term
plans.

More significantly, Sheena's psychological depiction in the film is conveyed through her
anxiety, which she suffered from the beginning of her pregnancy until she raised her
child alone without the support of her husband. Sheena does not have a husband to
lean on for affection or to look after her and her child, so she leaves home to be with her
sister Rachelle and her brother Bok.

Additionally, Yumi's aunt and second mother, Rachelle, is portrayed in Table 1. She
reveals her sociological portrayal when she learns that Rustin is caring for Yumi. During
a quick video call with Bok, she noticed Rustin caring for Yumi, who had fallen asleep
after a quick tour of the local beautiful spots.

Ikaw nga! Bok, si Rustin yan!

(Oh my God! It’s really you!
What on earth do you think you’re
doing? Bok that’s Rustin!)

The psychological portrayal of Rachelle on the other hand, became apparent when she
scolded Rustin for allowing Yumi into a school audition for singing. She insisted that the
child incurs harm as a result, knowing completely that Yumi could not be chosen from
the audition and that she could not sing with a perfect tone.

Rustin, why would you take her there?

I’m sure you already heard her sing. You
know that she’ll get rejected. You’re
just setting her up for a heartbreak.

Finally, Table 1 presents Bok as Yumi's uncle and guardian. When Bok's sister Rachelle
readily acknowledges that Rustin is Yumi's father after seeing him on a video call, it
illustrates the sociological portrayal of Bok's character in the film. Bok is enraged with
Rustin for lying to them and not revealing the truth about himself. In addition, he held
himself accountable for the several times he left Yumi in the care of Rustin without
realizing that he was a worthless drug-addict father.

Hindi.Putang ina ka! Ginago mo kaming lahat.

Pinagmukha mo kaming tanga. (No. Damn you!
You deceived all of us. You made us look stupid.

On the other hand, Bok depicts a psychological portrayal in Doll House when his elder
sister Sheena passes away and assumes Yumi's foster care. Since he is in charge of
Yumi's upbringing, he might change the roles and relationships within the family. His
psychological traits are influenced by his emotional bond with the child as well.

Yumi’s mom died in a car accident exactly three years ago.

Rachelle stepped in as her stepmom when Yumi’s real mom
passed away. Yung totoong daddy ni Yumi yun ang Pinoy.
Adik. Gago. Walang Kwentang tao. Noong nag-divorce sila,
Wala eh hindi na yon nagparamdam. Bigla nalang nawala.
Iniwan sila ha. Buti nalang hindi na yon binalikan ni Ate
Sheena ha. Mabuti din kasi nahanap niya ang kanyang right
man for her. Ang kaso nadedo naman silang dalawa.
Grabi talaga ang buhay minsan eh. (Yumi’s mom died
in a car accident exactly three years ago. Rachelle stepped
in as her stepmom when Yumi’s real mom passed away.
Yumi’s real father is a Filipino. He is an addict, an asshole,
and good for nothing. When the divorce happened, he
never really showed up. He suddenly disappeared.
He left them. Good thing Sheena never got back with him.
It is also good because she finally found the right
man for her. Sadly they both died. Sometimes life is tragic. )

Phase 2. Theme Analysis

This section addresses the theme in M. Ancheta’s Doll House particularly on the
protagonist’s sociological and psychological portrayal of drug addiction.
Table 2. Theme

Theme Sociological Theme Psychological

stigmatization the rejection by peer influence it is Rustin's choice to

and Sheena’s family to perform in a rock band,
marginalization the revelation of putting in equal amounts
Rustin as Yumi’s of work and playing hard
father with alcohol and drugs.

it is Rustin's relapse when

his father died
inadequate
family dynamics coping
and relationships the initial mechanisms
condemnation of and support
Rustin’s father
because of his
meaningless
existence

As indicated in Table 2, the protagonist of the film Doll House reveals the
sociological theme of stigmatization and marginalization. It all started when Sheena's
sister Rachelle learned that Rustin visited Yumi and tried to catch up on all he missed
while he was away. Rustin's misfortunes so engross Rachelle that all she can think
about is how worthless father he was to her niece and a useless husband to her late
sister Sheena. To avoid confusing Yumi about her situation, Rachelle and Bok set
boundaries for Rustin, telling him not to disclose that he is the child's father. The
stigmatization and marginalization that Rustin feels are noticeable when he says:

If I stay ako galit kayo. Kung aalis ako galit

din kayo. Saan ba ako? ( If I stay you’re mad.
If I leave you’re mad. I don’t know what to do.)

The study of Sattler et al. titled, Public Stigma Toward People With Drug Addiction: A
Factorial Survey concluded that The stigmatization of drug addicts is impacted by
several things, such as addiction, the stigmatized individual's behaviors, and the
stigmatizing attitude bearer. Developing evidence-based antistigma interventions
requires a deeper comprehension of the root causes producing these effects. The
stigmatization of drug addicts is impacted by several things, such as addiction, the
stigmatized individual's behaviors, and the stigmatizing attitude bearer. Developing
evidence-based antistigma interventions requires a deeper comprehension of the root
causes producing these effects.
Table 2 also denotes that the film points out a sociological theme of family dynamics
and relationships as shown by the protagonist. Rustin's father is disappointed with him
for his life decisions, especially for picking his band and drug addiction over his family.
He has also occasionally been questioned about when he plans to make amends for his
misconduct and start over with new long-term goals.

Rustin. Ilang beses mo akong ilalagay sa kahihiyan?

Wala ka bang sasabihin? You’ve got to shape up, son.
(How many times will you embarrass me like this?
Aren’t you going to say something?)

As defined by Plato, sociological mimesis is the study of how community members are
influenced by their imitations of societal actions. This idea argues that the acts and
behaviors of the addict might mimic larger societal concerns inside the family when
applied to a family dealing with a drug-addicted member. The conduct of a drug addict
may be a reflection of both personal hardships and more significant social issues like
social isolation, stigma, and the effects of substance usage on family dynamics. In their
responses, coping strategies, and attempts to negotiate the complexity of addiction
within the family setting, the family members may unintentionally mimic or react to
societal norms and ideals (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Mimesis | Art”).

On the other hand, Table 2 illustrates peer influence as one of the psychological themes
in the film. Undeniably, Rustin is surrounded by drug addict friends contributing also his
elicit of doing the same. Since he is in a rock band, constantly he takes alcohol and
drugs to keep him performing and alive. Rustin most frequently romanticizes drug usage
as a way to express oneself or exercise creative freedom. Furthermore, peer pressure
and societal standards may contribute to the acceptability or even glorification of drug
use in the music industry, particularly in certain genres, especially rock. Rustin
additionally stated that after putting drugs in his nose and mouth, he became numb and
lost the ability to feel his face. All of these are evident when he sings a rock song that
goes:

Let me be wrong. Let me be stupid.

Let me choose the words for my song.
Can’t find yourself without getting lost first.
So bring all the dead ends and the turns.
Let me be stupid. And let me be wrong.

Adolescent drug use behaviors are explained by O'Malley et al. in their paper, Social
Exchange Theory and Drug Use: A Test of Reciprocity and Alternatives. They
investigated the impact of social exchange processes, such as reciprocity and
alternatives, on drug use decisions using survey data from a group of adolescents.
Their findings, which emphasized the importance of social factors and the evaluation of
costs and benefits in influencing adolescents' decisions regarding substance use,
confirmed the applicability of the Social Exchange Theory in explaining drug use.
Table 2 also displays another psychological theme reflected in the film which is
inadequate coping mechanisms and support. It occurs when Rustin returns to the
Philippines to complete his rehabilitation. However, he relapsed after his father passed
away. Rustin collapses and suffers a stroke during a performance when he plays a little
excessively hard. His in-laws, Bok and Rachelle, also hate him, and his wife, Sheena,
has already passed away. Yumi is all he has left of his life. Yumi tried to remember their
earlier days together when she saw him in a rehabilitation center, but Rustin's memory
failed. Yumi is hardly recognizable as his daughter, and the only thing he can remember
is building rocket ships and doll houses for his best friend.

Pasensya na anak baka nagkakamali ka…Hindi ka pa ba uuwi

iha?
Wala namang papasyal sa askin…Gawa ko yan para sa bestfriend
Ko. Basta sintunado yon. (You might be mistaken…Aren’t you
going
home, Miss? Nobody visits me here. I made that for my best friend.
Never mind. She sings off-key.)

Phase 3. Societal Impact Analysis

The third phase of the study discusses the societal impacts of drug addiction on
M. Ancheta’s protagonist in the film Doll House.

Table 3. Societal Impact

Societal Impact Scene

family dysfunction and Rustin abandoned his family to engage in drugs and
instability play in his band

Rustin's bandmates woke him up because their friend

premature death Diego died

Rustin’s in-laws disown him

stigmatization and
discrimination

Table 3 implies that the drug addiction portrayed by the protagonist in the film,
Doll House resulted in family dysfunction and instability as one of the societal impacts.
Addiction to drugs can cause tension in a family's relationships. As a result of the
actions he connected to drug addiction such as neglect, Rustin's family has damaged
their relationship, broken communication, and corroded trust. It is clear when Rustin
said to Sheena:
 Huwag mong mamaliitin ang pagtutogtog ko.
Okay? (Don't belittle my music. Okay?)

According to Mphaphuli in his article, The Impact of Dysfunctional Families on the

Mental Health of Children families with dysfunctions are becoming a major issue in
contemporary culture. Although people do not select which family to be a part of and
there are no perfect families, the degree of dysfunction and lack of unity in some
families is cause for concern. Multiple disputes, tense relationships, disarray, abuse,
neglect, poor communication, a lack of empathy, and a degree of secrecy that prevents
family members, especially children from having their physical and mental requirements
addressed are characteristics of dysfunctional families. Parental disputes, parent-child
disputes, and sibling rivalries are common sources of conflict.

Table 3 also demonstrates that premature death is another societal impact of drug
addiction. Accidental or intended drug overdoses are a major cause of premature death
for those who are addicted to drugs. Diego, Rustin's friend, encounters likewise. This
occurs after they spend an excessive amount of time drinking and using drugs with their
bandmates. When daylight finally showed up, a bandmate was shocked when they
discovered that Diego was already dead, and they woke up Rustin.

Diego! Diego! Diego! Si Diego hindi na gumagalaw!

Gisingin mo si Rustin. Pare. (Diego! Diego! Rustin
wake up! Diego is not moving. Bro. Diego wake up)

According to Onyeka et al.'s study, the two most common causes of potential years of
life lost are unintentional drug overdoses and suicide in both genders. Drug users who
pass away too soon could be a loss to society. The findings imply that the most
important goals for lowering the unexpected death toll are policies that address
accidental overdose and suicide.

Furthermore, Table 3 indicates how discrimination and stigmatization are societal

impacts related to illegal drug use. It is noticeable in the film when Sheena's family
condemns Rustin's wrongdoings. Rachelle gets furious upon discovering that Rustin
manages to make amends with his daughter Yumi. Yumi's guardians, Rachelle and
Bok, do not want to make her father's drug addiction who has been gone from her for a
long time more difficult. Rustin endures every discrimination and stigma, even from his
in-laws, to win Yumi over and make up for all he has lost. He is aware that he did not
accompany his wife Sheena during her pregnancy until Yumi is growing up. Bok said:

Alam kong hindi kita kilala pero alam ko lahat ang

ginawa mo. Nasan ka noong ipinagbubuntis ni
Ate Sheena si Yumi? Nasan ka noong pinanganganak
siya? Noong namatay si Ate Sheena? Nasa Pilipinas
ka at di ka makalipad dito? Yun ang mga panahon
na dapat kinilala mo si Yumi. Puta. Adik na adik ka?
(I don’t know you, but I know everything that you
 did. Where were you when Ate Sheena was pregnant with
Yumi? Where were you when she was born? When Ate
Sheena passed away? Those were the times you
should’ve met Yumi. Damn. Where? You’re a drug addict
in the Philippines?)

Addiction affects families. The entire family is harmed even though only one person
uses it. Grandparents, parents, siblings, and perhaps other close family members also
suffer. Moreover, how certain members suffer varies (Slmone).

Phase 4. Psychological Impact Analysis

The fourth phase of the study accentuates the Psychological impacts of M.

Ancheta’s protagonist in the film Doll House on drug addiction.

Table 4. Psychological Impact

Psychological Impact Scene

complex family relationship  Rustin’s father hates his wrongdoings

 Rustin's in-laws detest him immensely.

 Rustin always leaves his wife at home

abandonment and neglect  Rustin is not present throughout his wife's
pregnancy and his daughter's birth

 Rustin experienced a high relapse when his

father died
withdrawal symptoms and  Rustin had no one to see him in a rehab facility
mental distress

Table 4 simplifies that complex family relationship is among the psychological

impacts shown by the protagonist in the film as a result of his drug addiction.
Considering that Rustin’s father dislikes the decisions he makes in life, his drug usage
causes family members to become less trusting of one another and creates conflict.
Rustin's complicated relationship with his in-laws, Rachelle and Bok, is another
consequence of his drug addiction. Although he would like to make apologies to his
daughter, his drug history casts a shadow over him and makes it untrustworthy for him
to do so.

This result is consistent with Social Exchange Theory, a theory that asserts social
behavior as the outcome of an exchange process. This idea holds that people balance
the possible advantages and disadvantages of their social connections. They end or
leave the connection when the risks become too great for them to bear. The goal of this
exchange is to reduce the cost and increase benefits (Cherry). In Rustin's instance, he
lowers his costs which are his commitments and his family's positive relationships while
increasing his rewards, which are the pleasure he gets from using drugs.

Conversely, Table 4 views neglect and abandonment as a psychological impact that the
film's protagonist discloses about his drug addiction. Rustin lacks time while he is still in
Rotterdam because he consistently leaves his wife Sheena at home. There are even
times when Sheena wants to visit Rachelle, her sister, so she can talk to someone
about her situation. Rustin argued that he should not go there to prevent Sheena's
siblings from having a negative impression of him. When Rustin leaves his family and
continues his band in the Philippines, it is obvious that he shows abandonment and
neglect. His wife struggled with her physical, mental, and psychological well-being
during her pregnancy because she felt so emotionally distressed and as if she had no
husband at all. He also neglects to give Yumi the essential guidance, attention, or
support during birth.

Lastly, Table 4 exhibits the protagonist's portrayal of withdrawal symptoms and mental
distress in the film. The moment Rustin tries to stop using drugs, withdrawal symptoms
present an enormous challenge, which leads to a relapse when his father passes away.
Previously having a stroke as a result of playing too hard in his band, he struggled with
anxiety, sadness, paranoia, and numerous other mental health problems. Rustin's
memory is deteriorating as well. Yumi, his daughter, links it to him showing photos from
her phone of times they spent bonding, but he finds it difficult to remember Yumi. On the
other hand, despite receiving therapy and assistance from medical specialists, Rustin's
family does not support him, which makes it difficult for him to cope with withdrawal
symptoms and mental distress and overcome his drug addiction.

These findings align with psychoanalytic thought. Based on his observations that most
patients spoke openly without the need for hypnosis, Freud formulated the technique
called "free association of ideas." This method encouraged patients to freely share any
thoughts or feelings, whether they seemed fitting or not. Freud noticed that at times,
patients encountered difficulty in forming these associations, leading him to infer that
certain distressing memories are consciously suppressed or concealed from their
awareness within the human mind (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Phase 5. Literary Output Crafted Based on the Findings

 This section presents the literary output, a vlog featuring real stories of people
who have overcome drug addiction. The content of the vlog is conveyed from the
findings of the study.

Resilience Beyond Addiction: Real Stories of Triumph Over Drug

Addiction. This 20-minute vlog explores the motivational stories of those who have
bravely faced and battled the dreadful challenges of drug addiction. This vlog presents
first-hand stories from people who faced the depths of drug misuse, shedding light on
their struggles and ultimate victories. Every narrative captures the extraordinary
fortitude and resilience demonstrated by these people in navigating the
sociopsychological challenges associated with addiction.

These real-life stories illustrate the complicated nature of healing, stressing not only its
physical component but also its complex socio-psychological aspects. Throughout the
recovery journey, viewers see how these people handled anxiety, mended broken
relationships, and faced social humiliation. They also observe the transforming force of
resilience. The vlog explores the personal development, the discovery of oneself, and
integration into the community that these people endured after their addictions, rather
than merely focusing on rehabilitation.

Additionally, this vlog also acts as a ray of hope, correcting myths about addiction and
providing an understanding of the critical role socio-psychological support networks play
in the healing process. These accounts demonstrate that recovering from addiction
requires a whole change that includes mental stamina, emotional healing, and
reintegration into society in addition to simply eliminating drugs.

Furthermore, this vlog may be posted to several social media sites, including Facebook,
TikTok, and YouTube, to disseminate information about its content.

Conclusion

The detailed analysis of the study's five phases—Characterization, Theme, Societal

Impact, Psychological Impact, and Literary Output Based on the Findings reveals the
complex root causes of problems associated with the film's portrayal of drug addiction.
The findings spark an increased awareness of the sociological, psychological, and
individual dimensions of drug addiction.

Recommendations

The Philippine film industry may produce films showcasing cross-cultural views on drug
addiction, exploring sociological and psychological aspects. The filmmakers and content
creators may also collaborate for responsible depictions of drug addiction. The local
government units may create psycho-social support programs. Moreover, the
government may create more community-based rehabilitation centers for
comprehensive treatment of drug addicts.
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