Lexical clinic unit 9

Ex 1

1. Such actions are normally based on legitimate claims or, as the government
claims, are 'internal conflicts within the people'.

*Such actions typically stem from valid claims or, as asserted by the
government, constitute 'internal conflicts within the populace'.*

2. The police was/were out in force at the demonstration.

*The police were present in full force at the demonstration.*

3. She’s studying legal science at Georgetown University.

*She is pursuing the study of law at Georgetown University.*

4. This part of the law is only relevant to companies employing more than five
people.

*This aspect of the law applies exclusively to companies with a workforce

exceeding five individuals.*

5. Candidates for planning permission need to follow the correct procedures.

*Individuals seeking planning permission must adhere to the proper

procedures.*

6. She was so tired her legs just wouldn't work her any longer.

*She was so exhausted that her legs refused to support her any longer.*

7. Ministers in conflict with their parishioners were quick to insist on the

obligations of unconditional subordination.

*Ministers in disagreement with their parishioners promptly emphasized the

obligation of complete subordination.*

8. Teachers' authority is seldom challenged, and this authoritative role awes the
students into disciplined listeners.
 *Teachers' authority is rarely contested, and this authoritative role inspires
students to be disciplined listeners.*

9. He also called for a campaign of civil insubordination indiscipline against

Government's cuts.

*He also advocated for a campaign of civil disobedience in response to the

government's budget cuts.*

10. I am asking for money on behalf of the famine victims.

*I am soliciting funds on behalf of the victims of the famine.*

11. The highest courts in England and Wales which can change decisions made
by a lower court regularly hear and determine appeals with great expedition,
where it is necessary to do so.

*The supreme courts in England and Wales, empowered to overturn decisions

of lower courts, consistently expedite the hearing and resolution of appeals
when deemed necessary.*

12. He had been forced to secrecy, to promise not to tell people about anything.

*He had been sworn to secrecy, compelled to pledge not to disclose anything
to others.*

13. British sources have suggested recently that he might press for a legally
compulsory protocol.

*Recent British sources have indicated that he may advocate for a legally
mandatory protocol.*

14. The country has promised to comply with its international commitments.

*The country has pledged to adhere to its international obligations.*

15. Security products are designed to limit access to data information from
unauthorized access.

*Security products are crafted to restrict unauthorized access to data and

information.*
16. The agreement obliges WTO Members to secure the rights, including
copyrights and trademarks, of citizens of all other Members.

*The agreement requires WTO members to safeguard the rights, including

copyrights and trademarks, of citizens from all other member countries.*

17. Chapter 11 would grant legal treatment from creditors while the company
attempts to reorganize.

*Chapter 11 would afford legal protection from creditors as the company

endeavors to reorganize.*

18. The President and First Lady would attend, and all but one of the nine
Justices of the highest court in the US.

*The President and First Lady would be present, along with all but one of the
nine Justices of the highest court in the US.*

19. The president has been able to assert his ultimate dominance over the prime
minister.

*The president has succeeded in asserting his supreme authority over the
prime minister.*

20. If applied generally, this approach might have the result that conventions are
merely placeholders for nascent unwritten international law.

*If universally applied, this approach could lead to the outcome that
conventions serve as placeholders for emerging unwritten international law.*

Ex 2

1. 1. Newton's **laws** of motion 2. She is his **lawful** wife, and so is

entitled to inherit the money. 3. The jury agreed that the doctor had acted
**lawfully**. 4. The climate here is one of violence and **lawlessness**. 5.
They argue that treating **lawbreakers** well encourages more crime. 6. They
led the fight to impose **laws** on smoking. 7. A pushed-in window indicated
**unlawful** entry.

2. 1. Special conditions **apply** if you are under 18. 2. She combed her hair
and carefully **applied** her make-up. 3. What are the practical
**applications** of this work? 4. The new qualifications are **applicable** to
all European countries. 5. Successful **applicants** will receive notification
within the week.

3. 1. He was arrested when he failed to **obey** a police instruction to stop. 2.

He demands unquestioning **obedience** from his soldiers. 3. A naughty boy
who often **disobeys** his mother and father. 4. Students are expected to be
quiet and **obedient** in the classroom. 5. She nodded **obediently** as I
gave my instructions. 6. Britain will be hit by a wave of protests, civil
**disobedience**, and strikes over cuts this year, a union chief has warned.

4. 1. Police are making a fresh **appeal** to the public for any information that
may help them. 2. They have launched an **appeal** against their convictions.
3. The **appeal court** shortened sentences of three of the defendants who
appeared in court that day. 4. They're **appealing** clothes and blankets to
send to the devastated region. 5. Maguire **appealed** to the Supreme Court to
stop her extradition.

5. This contract **binds** the state to use this land as a park, said Judge Harry
Smith.
2. Borrowing money may put you in a real **bind**. The contract wasn't
legally **binding**. 3. Its books are noted for the quality of their paper and
**binding**.

6. 1. They reminded him of his contractual **obligations**. 2. I'm much

**obliged** to you for helping us. 2. He suffered a serious injury that
**obliged** him to give up work. 3. It is **obligatory** for all employees to
wear protective clothing. 3. She did not feel under any **obligation** to tell
him the truth. 5. The company did not have enough money to meet its
**obligations**.

7 These people remain under the **protection** of the United Nations. 2. A

majority of Democrats believe that such regulations **protect** the public. 3.
Troops have been sent **to protect** aid workers **from** attack. 4. They
produce a self-adhesive plastic cover designed **to protect** CDs **against**
scratches. 5. Politicians unsurprisingly often opt for **protectionism** in
response to pressure from domestic groups. 6. If **protective** barriers
disappeared overnight, the country's infant car industry could be wiped out.

8. 1. The company has established total **supremacy** over its rivals. 2. It took
the intervention of **the Supreme Court** for a winner in the election to be
declared. 3. The country's present constitution gives **supreme** authority to
the presidency. 4. **The Act of Supremacy** is the name of two different acts
passed by the English Parliament, both of which establish the English monarch
as the head of the Church of England and remove the powers of the Pope as the
head of the church.

10.
1. The UN Security Council unanimously adopted a **resolution** calling for a
halt to hostilities. 2. The committee unanimously **resolved** that the party
chairman should step down. 3. The minister **resolutely** defended the tough
policy. 4. Passage of the **joint resolution** to propose a constitutional
amendment to balance the budget by the year 2002 or two years after
ratification by three-quarters of the states. 5. In our view, the issue of impunity
can be **fully resolved** only if tension is eased and political stability is
achieved in the relevant regions.

9
1. The official law makes no reference to this **customary** relationship. 2.
They are designed to deal with **customary** disputes under **customary
law**. 4. They were made to wait twenty minutes before going through
**customs**. 3. The women gathered around the coffin and began to wail, as
was the **custom** in the region. 5. She was stopped by a **customs officer**
who opened her luggage.