Essentials of Abnormal Psychology 7th Edition Durand Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Essentials of Abnormal Psychology 7th
Edition Durand Test Bank

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1. Currently, some of the major contributing factors to illness and death in the United States are
a. viral and bacterial.
b. behavioral and psychological.
c. neurological and endocrinological.
d. pharmacological and hormonal.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Psychological and Social Factors That Influence Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically
OTHER: TYPE: Factual
2. At the beginning of the 20th century, the leading cause of death in the U.S. was
a. automobile accidents.
b. infectious diseases.
c. heart attacks.
d. suicides.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
3. Using the word psychosomatic to describe a disorder with an obvious physical component is considered misleading
because
a. it gives the impression that psychological disorders like anxiety or depression do not have a biological
component.
b. it assumes that the physical aspects of a disorder are less important than the psychological aspects.
c. it emphasizes the psychological symptoms of a disorder instead of the physical symptoms.
d. it gives the impression that biological disorders are not influenced by psychological factors.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
4. Which of the following factors are universally implicated in the cause of all disorders?
a. Biological only
b. Psychological only
c. Biological and psychological, but not social
d. Biological, psychological and social
ANSWER: d
5. What is the name of the new field of study that reflects the shift in focus from infectious disease to
psychological/behavioral factors as causes of illness and death?
a. Behavioral medicine
b. Abnormal psychology
c. Medical psychology
d. Physical medicine
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3) - Read and summarize general ideas and conclusions from
psychological sources accurately
6. Knowledge derived from the behavioral sciences applied to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical
problems is called
a. health psychology.
b. behavioral medicine.
c. psychophysiological disorders.
d. psychosomatic medicine.
ANSWER: b
NOTES: NEW
7. Health psychology, a subfield of behavioral medicine, focuses on all of the following EXCEPT
a. psychological factors affecting health.
b. health policy.
c. healthcare systems.
d. interdisciplinary study of psychology and health.
ANSWER: d
8. In which of the following ways do psychological and social factors influence health?
a. They can affect basic biological processes resulting in illness and disease.
b. Unhealthy lifestyles can increase the risk of developing physical disorders.
c. Both of these
d. Neither of these
ANSWER: c
9. AIDS is directly affected by stress. Stress may negatively affect the immune system, thereby promoting the deadly
progression of the disease. This is an example of
a. psychological factors influencing biological processes.
b. biological factors influencing psychological processes.
c. both of these
d. neither of these
ANSWER: a
OTHER: TYPE: Applied
10. According to the principles of health psychology, which of the following is the best protection against acquiring
AIDS?
a. Getting an injection of the AIDS vaccine
b. Being treated for HIV before it develops into AIDS
c. Changing risky behaviors that can lead to disease acquisition
d. Deciding to be sexually abstinent after years of being sexually active
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
11. As an example of a behavioral pattern that leads to illness and death, smoking has been estimated to cause
approximately ____ percent of all deaths.
a. 2
b. 12
c. 19
d. 32
ANSWER: c
12. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Fifty percent of deaths from the 10 leading causes of death in the United States can be traced to behaviors
common to certain lifestyles.
b. Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.
c. Smoking has been estimated to cause around 20 percent of all deaths.
d. All of the above
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Psychosocial Effects on Physical Disorders
NOTES: NEW
13. In 1936, Canadian researcher Hans Selye discovered that giving injections to laboratory rats caused them to develop
ulcers. His finding led to a new area of study called
a. stress physiology.
b. stress psychology.
c. animal psychology.
d. psychosomatic pathology.
ANSWER: a
14. When Hans Selye injected laboratory rats with saline (salty water), what happened to the rats?
a. Nothing; saline is harmless and only used as a control condition
b. Nothing; rats recover quickly from stress because they are not prone to anxiety as humans are
c. They developed ulcers, because saline has since been discovered to have negative health consequences
d. They developed ulcers, because stress directly affected their physiology.
ANSWER: d
15. In response to sustained stress, the body goes through several stages that together constitute the general adaptation
syndrome (GAS), a concept proposed by researcher Hans Selye. This GAS consists of all the following stages EXCEPT
a. alarm.
b. resistance.
c. exhaustion.
d. deterioration.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
16. According to the textbook, the physiological response of an individual to a stressor is called
a. adaptation.
b. fight-or-flight reaction.
c. stress.
d. a psychological disorder.
ANSWER: c
17. Research has shown that increased levels of cortisol in response to stress may cause damage to parts of the
a. skeletal system.
b. brain.
c. lungs.
d. stomach.
ANSWER: b
18. Which of the following statements accurately describes a process in the activation of the HPA axis?
a. The hippocampus secretes corticotropin releasing factor (CRF).
b. CRF stimulates the thyroid gland.
c. The pituitary gland (via the parasympathetic nervous system) activates the adrenal glands.
d. The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol.
ANSWER: d
19. Research has shown that excessive secretion of the stress hormone cortisol can result in cell death in the hippocampal
region of the brain in cases of
a. substance abuse.
b. mania.
c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
d. AIDS.
ANSWER: c
20. The final process in the activation of the HPA axis is

a. secretion of CRF by the hypothalamus.
b. stimulation of the pituitary gland by CRF.
c. activation of the adrenal gland by the pituitary gland.
d. secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland.
ANSWER: d
21. Continuous secretion of the stress hormone cortisol by the adrenal glands can lead to all of the following EXCEPT
a. damage to the hippocampus.
b. impaired functioning of the immune system.
c. muscle atrophy.
d. low blood pressure in the cardiovascular system.
ANSWER: d
22. Whether or not stress and/or anxiety develop in a stressful situation appears to be related to one’s perceived sense of
a. happiness.
b. excitement.
c. control.
d. acceptance.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
23. Based on your knowledge of recent research studies, which of the following people would you predict is LEAST
likely to “catch” a cold following exposure to the virus?
a. Karen, a very sociable woman with many good friends
b. Mike, a very intelligent student with good understanding of complex information and concepts
c. Judy, a very assertive individual who frequently says exactly what’s on her mind
d. Marilyn, a very compulsive person who often points out other people’s mistakes
ANSWER: a
24. Sapolsky and colleagues found that physical health in wild baboons was associated with
a. Amount of human presence.
b. Social rank.
c. Inter-colony conflict.
d. Availability of food.
ANSWER: b
25. Research findings have suggested that it might not be the stressful event itself that affects immune system functioning
but rather the accompanying
a. dissociation.
b. isolation.
c. depression.
d. anger.
ANSWER: c
26. The immune system is weakened in AIDS patients because the human immunodeficiency virus directly attacks the
lymphocytes called
a. killer T cells.
b. T4 (helper) cells.
c. suppressor T cells.
d. B cells.
ANSWER: b
27. Contrary to the earlier belief that the brain and immune system operate independently of each other, scientists
accidentally discovered a link working with rats in a(n)
a. classical conditioning paradigm.
b. injection trial experiment.
c. rheumatoid arthritis study.
d. experimental HIV trial.
ANSWER: a
28. In 2003, it was estimated that the total number of people afflicted with HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, was
more than
a. 13 million.
b. 23 million.
c. 40 million.
d. 43 million.
ANSWER: c
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to
external standards
29. AIDS is now treated with new combinations of drugs called “highly active antiretroviral therapy” (HAART), which
a. suppress the virus in people who are HIV positive.
b. cure AIDS by eliminating the virus from the body.
c. suppress immune system functioning.
d. are well tolerated and cause minimal side effects.
ANSWER: a
30. Estimates regarding the prevalence of AIDS in southern Africa indicate that
a. the percent of the adult population that are HIV positive comprises two-thirds of the cases worldwide.
b. 10 percent of the adult population has AIDS.
c. 5 million children are orphaned by the disease.
d. none of these
ANSWER: a
NOTES: NEW
31. Which of the following statements about AIDS is true?

a. An infected person immediately develops AIDS-related complex (ARC).
b. The median time for the development of full-blown AIDS is around three to five years.
c. The death rate from AIDS declined 80 percent since 1990.
d. The current successful cure for AIDS is highly active antiviral therapy (HAART), which eliminates the virus.
ANSWER: c
NOTES: NEW
32. Neurohormones’ main function is to

a. Lower stress
b. Carry the brain’s signals to the rest of the body
c. Modulate mood
d. All of the above.
ANSWER: b
external standards
33. Psychosocial interventions such as stress reduction techniques for chronically ill individuals are thought to affect the
disease process via the immune system by
a. giving patients a reduced sense of control.
b. helping patients effectively utilize HAART drug regimes.
c. changing patients’ positive cognitions.
d. helping patients reduce depression, thus reducing cortisol.
ANSWER: d
external standards
34. Brief psychosocial treatments aimed at reducing stress while increasing coping and control lead to improved immune
systems and prolonged life in
a. cancer patients.
b. AIDS patients.
c. both
d. neither
ANSWER: c
external standards
35. Which of the following does NOT describe an effective psychosocial intervention that has been reported in oncology
research studies?
a. Use of psychological treatments that reduced pain and depression and enhanced feelings of well-being
b. Use of videotapes and dolls that reduced children’s stress and anxiety during medical procedures
c. Use of psychotherapy that temporarily prolonged life for breast cancer patients both during and after the
intervention
d. Use of psychoanalytic techniques that reduced the growth rate of tumors
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Disorders Psychosocial Effects on Physical
external standards
36. Unhealthy and/or risky behaviors that impact directly on the cardiovascular system may contribute to
a. Panic disorder.
b. Somatic symptom disorders
c. strokes, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease.
d. reduced immunity to autoimmune diseases.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
37. Various psychological factors have been used to explain individual variations in blood pressure, including all of the
following EXCEPT
a. coping style.
b. personality.
c. level of stress.
d. level of intelligence.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
38. Which of the following individuals have been shown to have greater tendency to suffer from hypertension?
a. Those with high levels of stress whose parents had normal blood pressure
b. Those with low levels of stress whose parents had high blood pressure
c. Those with high levels of stress whose parents had high blood pressure
d. Those with low levels of stress whose parents had normal blood pressure
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
39. Since heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States, it is very important, in terms of prevention,
to determine if
a. better medications can be found to treat heart disease.
b. changes in behavior, lifestyle, and attitude can prevent heart attacks.
c. psychotherapy can help people adjust to having an artificial heart.
d. heart transplants can be made available to more patients.
ANSWER: b
external standards
40. Which of the following statements is true regarding hypertension in the United States?
a. African-Americans are more likely to develop hypertension and have hypertensive vascular diseases than
Caucasians.
b. African-Americans are just as likely to develop hypertension and have hypertensive vascular diseases than
Caucasians.
c. African-Americans are less likely to develop hypertension and have hypertensive vascular diseases than
Caucasians.
d. Only African-Americans of a certain genetic variant are more likely than Caucasians to develop hypertension
and have hypertensive vascular diseases than Caucasians.
ANSWER: a
external standards
41. In trying to determine if the Type A/Type B classifications are reliable and valid as predictors of heart disease, it
becomes apparent that
a. not every individual shows distinctively Type A or Type B characteristics.
b. women are usually Type A and men are usually Type B.
c. interviews to assess people’s personality characteristics are more reliable than questionnaires.
d. medical tests are the only valid predictors of heart disease.
ANSWER: a
external standards
42. Which of the following is a correct match of medical condition and definition?
a. Angina—obstruction caused by buildup of plaque in the arteries
b. Atherosclerosis—deficiency of blood to a body part caused by narrowing of the arteries
c. Myocardial infarction—death of heart tissue due to a completely clogged artery
d. Ischemia—chest pain caused by partial obstruction of the arteries
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.b - Correctly identify antecedents and consequences of behavior
and mental processes
43. Gregor just learned that his spouse of 28 years has died in an automobile accident. Upon hearing the news, Gregor
collapsed and was rushed to the hospital in apparent heart failure. Gregor probably suffered
a. myocardial infarction.
b. tranischemic attack.
c. angina pectoris.
d. myocardial stunning.
ANSWER: d
NOTES: NEW
44. Which of the following people would be LEAST at risk for hypertension?
a. Maya, who has a very Type A and controlling personality
b. Dough, who tends to be melancholic and keeps to himself.
c. Abhi, who has an extensive family and network of friends
d. Mimi, who was recently promoted to a prestigious but highly competitive management position.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
NOTES: NEW
45. In regard to the condition termed “chronic pain,” most researchers now agree that the causes of chronic pain and
resulting high costs to our healthcare system are primarily
a. psychological.
b. social.
c. imaginary
d. both psychological and social.
ANSWER: d
46. All of the following are examples of “pain behaviors” EXCEPT

a. complaining about pain to others.
b. grimacing.
c. positional changes (while sitting or walking).
d. suffering in silence.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
47. A predictor of which patients will suffer from chronic pain is

a. the use of invasive surgical procedures.
b. the patient’s family history with pain.
c. a profile of negative emotions.
d. the intensity of the initial pain.
ANSWER: c
external standards
48. Which of the following is an example of the phenomenon known as “operant” control of pain behavior?
a. Kate’s family has always been critical and demanding. Since her accident, though, family members have
become caring and sympathetic.
b. Kim is recovering from a broken leg. Although she is walking on crutches, she has been trying to be as
independent as possible.
c. Kinesha had to have a finger amputated after it was partially severed in a slicing accident. Since she feels
discomfort in the missing finger, she has been diagnosed with “phantom limb” pain.
d. Kyomi suffers from chronic back pain. However, she rarely complains about the pain to others and tries to
keep her facial expressions from showing that she is in pain.
ANSWER: a
external standards
49. In the phenomenon known as “operant” control of pain, the pain behaviors manifested by an individual are determined
by
a. the type of injury.
b. social consequences.
c. the side effects of medications.
d. the patient’s reaction to treatment.
ANSWER: b
50. Researchers who study the clinical experience of pain have determined that pain is
a. entirely due to physical causes.
b. entirely due to psychological causes.
c. neither entirely physical nor entirely psychological.
d. always due to unknown and unpredictable factors.
ANSWER: c
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.d - Articulate criteria for identifying objective sources of
psychology information
51. Which of the following is NOT an example of the complex interaction of physical and psychological factors in the
experience of pain?
a. The gate control theory of pain
b. Delusional pain
c. Chronic pain
d. Phantom limb pain.
ANSWER: b
52. The “natural” opioids called endorphins or enkephalins act like neurotransmitters to
a. increase awareness of pain.
b. shut down the sensation of pain.
c. cause a “natural” addiction.
d. Help heal damaged tissue, thereby decreasing pain.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
53. Endogenous opioids have been implicated in a variety of psychopathological conditions, including
a. eating disorders.
b. phobias.
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d. personality disorders.
ANSWER: a
54. Regarding gender differences in the experience of pain, women suffer more frequently than men from all of the
following EXCEPT
a. migraine headaches.
b. arthritis.
c. menstrual cramps.
d. backache.
ANSWER: d
55. Females may have an “extra” pain-regulating pathway focused on relieving pain associated with the reproductive
system. One implication of this biological gender difference is that
a. men need more pain relief than women following most surgical procedures.
b. women need more pain relief tan men following most surgical procedures.
c. treatment of pain in men and women is still the same, because the psychological experience of pain is the same
for men and women.
d. males and females may benefit from different kinds of medications and different kinds of pain management.
ANSWER: d
56. According to the gate control theory of pain, the ________ of the spinal cord act as a “gate” and may open and
transmit sensations of pain if the stimulation is sufficiently intense.
a. dorsal horns
b. somatic nerves
c. coxal terminus
d. epidural blocks
ANSWER: a
57. ________ is an incapacitating exhaustion following only minimal exertion, accompanied by fever, headaches, muscle
and joint pain, depression, and anxiety.
a. Somatization disorder
b. Chronic fatigue syndrome
c. Wasting disease
d. Psychogenic pain disorder
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
58. At various times, the symptoms of the disorder known as chronic fatigue syndrome were attributed to all of the
following EXCEPT
a. viral infection.
b. environmental toxins.
c. stress.
d. brain atrophy.
ANSWER: d
external standards
59. Dominant baboons were found to have better physical health than subordinate ones because they had
a. More food and mates.
b. More resting cortisol levels.
c. More predictability and controllability.
d. More intelligence and leadership.
ANSWER: c
60. The treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome developed by Michael Sharpe includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. medication.
b. increased activity.
c. regulated rest periods.
d. breathing exercises.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
61. A controlled research study investigating the effects of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome
resulted in improvement in
a. measures of fatigue.
b. measures of illness belief.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
ANSWER: c
external standards
62. All of the following are psychosocial treatments that have been developed for physical disorders and pain EXCEPT
a. biofeedback.
b. hypnosis.
c. relaxation procedures.
d. acupuncture.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Psychosocial Treatment of Physical Disorders
external standards
63. The procedure known as biofeedback involves a process by which a person is first helped to become aware of his/her
a. physiological functions.
b. psychological state of mind.
c. Past emotional processing or lack thereof.
d. level of pain.
ANSWER: a
external standards
64. Physiological functions that are a focus of biofeedback procedures include all of the following EXCEPT
a. EEG rhythms (“brain waves”).
b. heart rate.
c. digestive functioning.
d. muscle tension.
ANSWER: c
external standards
65. Several studies have found that biofeedback techniques can reduce headache in up to ____ percent of the patients
undergoing this therapy.
a. 25
b. 36
c. 63
d. 92
ANSWER: c
external standards
66. In biofeedback procedures, clinicians use physiological monitoring equipment to make the responses ________ to the
patient.
a. visible
b. audible
c. visible and/or audible
d. tactile
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
67. It has been suggested that biofeedback relieves the pain of tension headaches because it “teaches people to relax,” but
it is more likely that
a. the patients whose pain is seemingly relieved by biofeedback are probably also taking aspirin or Tylenol.
b. the biofeedback training gives patients a sense of control over their headache pain.
c. biofeedback has a “numbing effect” because it affects the nerve endings in the somatic nervous system.
d. patients experience a placebo effect, because the headache pain returns once the biofeedback sessions are
completed.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Psychosocial Treatment on Physical Disorders
external standards
68. Recent clinical studies indicate that it is a good pain-relieving strategy to use biofeedback in conjunction with
a. medication.
b. relaxation procedures.
c. a placebo.
d. psychotherapy.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
69. In the 1970s, Herbert Benson developed a brief relaxation procedure that involved focusing on a
a. word.
b. photo.
c. person.
d. musical note.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
70. Cassandra is sitting cross-legged on her rug with her arms outstretched. She closes her eyes and makes a sound like
“ummmm.” She continues this procedure. Cassandra is demonstrating ______________, and the sound is a(n)
______________.
a. relaxation response; focus
b. meditation; mantra
c. biofeedback; focus
d. hypnosis; focal point
ANSWER: b
external standards
71. When Herbert Benson stripped transcendental meditation of what he considered its nonessentials, he developed a brief
procedure he called
a. mantra meditation.
b. simplified transcendental meditation (STM).
c. relaxation response.
d. progressive relaxation.
ANSWER: c
external standards
72. A decrease in the activity of stress hormones and certain neurotransmitters appears to occur during
a. sleep.
b. meditation.
c. biofeedback.
d. psychotherapy.
ANSWER: b
external standards
73. Although the improvement is only moderate, relaxation techniques have been shown to have a positive effect on
a. headaches.
b. hypertension (high blood pressure).
c. pain.
d. all of these
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
74. In keeping daily records of the stressful events in their lives, patients in pain management programs are taught to be
very specific about all of the following EXCEPT
a. the actual time of day that they experience stress.
b. what seems to “trigger the stress.”
c. how they attempt to control the stress.
d. the level of intensity of the stress.
ANSWER: c
external standards
75. In a stressful events record, clients in a pain management program are asked to record
a. somatic symptoms only.
b. thoughts that occur during stress but not somatic symptoms.
c. thoughts that occur during stress as well as somatic symptoms.
d. intensity of the stress but not thoughts or somatic symptoms.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
76. Cognitive therapy is used in stress-management programs to help clients learn to do all of the following EXCEPT
a. develop more realistic appraisals and attitudes.
b. identify unrealistic negative thoughts.
c. tell off people they don’t like, as a way of reducing stress.
d. assert themselves in an appropriate way in stressful situations.
ANSWER: c
external standards
77. All of the following situations have been associated with lowered immune system functioning EXCEPT
a. marital conflict or relationship difficulties.
b. job loss.
c. death of a loved one.
d. pregnancy.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
78. Individuals who are high users of pain-relieving medications are ________ to benefit from pain management
programs than less frequent users.
a. more likely
b. less likely
c. equally likely
d. unable
ANSWER: b
external standards
79. In a comprehensive headache treatment program, people who were low users of analgesic medications achieved at
least a ____ percent reduction in headache pain.
a. 25
b. 50
c. 75
d. 99
ANSWER: b
external standards
80. Jon has just been diagnosed with cancer. His initial response is to deny the seriousness of his condition. This type of
coping mechanism
a. will enable him to develop better coping mechanisms later.
b. is never psychologically helpful.
c. doesn’t really help him endure the initial shock any more easily.
d. results in higher levels of corticosteroids (stress hormones).
ANSWER: a
external standards
81. Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common behaviors that put us at risk for physical disorders?
a. Unhealthy eating habits
b. Lack of exercise
c. Smoking
d. Watching too much TV
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
82. Mr. V is participating in a clinical research study that is investigating psychological factors that may influence the
development of heart disease. When he is instructed to imagine a situation in which he was very angry, the sensors
monitoring his heart reveal that
a. his heartbeat has slowed significantly.
b. his heart is pumping less efficiently.
c. the area around his heart has become swollen and inflamed.
d. he is having a “painless” heart attack.
ANSWER: b
external standards
83. Injuries kill more children than the next ________ causes of childhood death combined.
a. three
b. six
c. eight
d. five
ANSWER: b
84. According to the text, injury prevention programs have proven effective in teaching children about all of the following
EXCEPT
a. escaping fires.
b. crossing streets.
c. riding bikes safely.
d. avoiding strangers.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
85. Which is an accurate statement regarding injury prevention programs for children?
a. Most communities have injury prevention programs.
b. Repeated warnings have been effective in preventing or reducing the number of injuries.
c. Children who participated in safety skills programs remembered what they had learned even after the
programs were over.
d. Injury prevention programs have been ineffective in changing children’s behavior.
ANSWER: c
external standards
86. The only effective prevention strategy currently available for reducing the spread of AIDS appears to be
a. a vaccine.
b. medications.
c. changing high-risk behavior.
d. educating people about the disease.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
87. Individuals in Africa are most likely to become HIV positive following
a. heterosexual sex with an infected partner.
b. homosexual sex with an infected partner.
c. repeated injections with unsterilized needles.
d. close nonsexual contact with an infected person.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 2 Psychosocial Treatment on Physical Disorders
88. Carla and Carlos have recently learned that they are HIV positive. According to research studies involving people who
are HIV positive, what is most likely to occur?
a. Carla will now have sex only if her partner uses a condom.
b. Carlos will abstain from sex completely.
c. Both Carla and Carlos will stop sharing needles with other drug users.
d. Neither Carlos nor Carla is likely to change any of their previous behaviors.
ANSWER: d
89. When high-risk individuals are given educational and informational pamphlets about ways to reduce their chances of
becoming HIV positive, they typically
a. change their high-risk behaviors.
b. do not change their high-risk behaviors.
c. abstain from unprotected sex.
d. notify previous sex partners of their HIV condition.
ANSWER: b
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.a - Summarize psychological factors that can influence the pursuit
of a healthy lifestyle
90. According to consensus research, in which direction do pain signals travel to contribute to the experience of pain?
a. “up,” from tissue, to spinal cord, to brain
b. “down,” from brain, to spinal cord
c. Both up and down.
d. Neither up nor down; pain is an almost exclusively psychological phenomenon
ANSWER: c
91. Which of the following factors accurately represents the circumstances regarding women and HIV/AIDS?
a. Women frequently consider themselves at risk
b. Most research on the spread of AIDS has highlighted the disease in women.
c. Women accounted for 50 percent of new AIDS cases in 2003.
d. The age of highest risk of infection for women is their late teens.
ANSWER: c
external standards
NOTES: NEW
92. Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate?
a. For women, the highest risk is between the ages of 15 and 25.
b. For women, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s.
c. The age range for risk is lower for men than for women.
d. The age ranges for risk are the same for both males and females.
ANSWER: a
external standards
93. Which is a type of circumstance in which women put themselves at risk for HIV/AIDS infection differently from
men?
a. Having unprotected sex with partners whose sexual history is unknown
b. Using contaminated needles when injecting illegal drugs
c. Turning to prostitution in response to economic deprivation
d. Having sex with multiple partners
ANSWER: c
external standards
94. Your textbook reports on a behavioral change program to address the high rate of smoking in China. This was an
important study for several reasons, including the fact that
a. the number of people who smoke in China approximates the entire population of the United States.
b. almost 100 percent of men in China smoke.
c. Chinese media is gaining more popularity in other Asian countries and around the world, and it often models
smoking behavior.
d. the types of cigarettes smoked in China are more potent than those of the U.S.
ANSWER: a
external standards
95. A massive antismoking campaign in China in 1989 involved

a. bonuses to employees who quit smoking.
b. withdrawn salary and work benefits to those who continued smoking.
c. children reporting to their schools on their fathers’ smoking habits.
d. married couples’ written agreements to stop smoking.
ANSWER: c
external standards
96. In 1989, health professionals in China began a massive antismoking effort in several cities that involved children
whose fathers smoked. As part of this effort, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT
a. schoolchildren were given antismoking literature and questionnaires to take home to their fathers.
b. children wrote letters to their fathers asking them to quit smoking.
c. children submitted monthly reports on their fathers’ smoking habits to their schools.
d. photos of the fathers who continued smoking were published in the school newspapers.
ANSWER: d
external standards
97. In the massive antismoking campaign in China in 1989, the results indicated that ____ percent of the 10,000 fathers in
the intervention group quit smoking for at least six months, in comparison to a control group of 10,000 in which only
____ percent quit smoking.
a. 1; 0.1
b. 12; 0.2
c. 22; 2.2
d. 50; 25
ANSWER: b
external standards
98. One of the most successful efforts to reduce risk factors for a medical condition involved three entire communities in
California in which residents received different types of interventions or no intervention at all (for the community that
served as the control group). The targeted condition in this effort was
a. diabetes.
b. cancer.
c. heart disease.
d. obesity.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
99. A new medical subspecialty called psychoncology reflects the influence of psychological factors in the development
and progression of
a. cancer.
b. coronary heart disease.
c. eating disorders.
d. high blood pressure.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
100. A new medical specialty called psychoneuroimmunology reflects the relationship among
a. psychological factors including stress.
b. the immune system.
c. the nervous system.
d. all of these
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
external standards
101. The field of stress physiology began with the research of Hans Selye and his laboratory rats. Explain how his
findings developed into an understanding of the physical impact of stress.
ANSWER: Sample Answer: Selye theorized that the body goes through several stages in response to sustained stress. The
first phase is a type of alarm response to immediate danger or threat. With continuing stress, we seem to pass
into a stage of resistance, in which we mobilize various coping mechanisms to respond to the stress. Finally, if
the stress is too intense or lasts too long, we may enter a stage of exhaustion, in which our bodies suffer
permanent damage or death. Selye called this sequence the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
The physiological effects of the early stages of stress, in particular its activating effect on the sympathetic
nervous system, mobilizes our resources during times of threat or danger by activating internal organs to
prepare the body for immediate action, either fight or flight. These changes increase our strength and mental
activity.
102. Explore the relationship between stress and the immune system. What is the HPA axis? What are stress hormones? Is
there a “lab” test to measure stress levels in human beings?
ANSWER: Sample Answer: The activity of the endocrine system increases when we are stressed, primarily through
activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Although a variety of neurotransmitters
begin flowing in the nervous system, much attention has focused on the endocrine system’s neuromodulators
or neuropeptides, hormones affecting the nervous system that are secreted by the glands directly into the
bloodstream. These neuromodulating hormones act much like neurotransmitters in carrying the brain’s
messages to various parts of the body. One of the neurohormones, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), is
secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland. Farther down the chain of the HPA axis, the
pituitary gland (along with the autonomic nervous system) activates the adrenal gland, which secretes, among
other things, the hormone cortisol. Because of their close relationship to the stress response, cortisol and other
related hormones are known as the stress hormones.
The hypothalamus, at the top of the brain stem, is right next to the limbic system, which contains the
hippocampus and seems to control our emotional memories. The hippocampus is responsive to cortisol. When
stimulated by this hormone during HPA axis activity, the hippocampus helps to turn off the stress response,
completing a feedback loop between the limbic system and the various parts of the HPA axis.
This answer does not address the last part of the question regarding a “lab test” for stress levels.
103. Discuss how psychological factors including negative cognitions affect immune system functioning. Give examples
of physical conditions that are considered stress-related.
ANSWER: Sample Answer: The level of stress you are experiencing at the time seems to play a major role in whether the
exposure results in a cold. Researchers found that the chance a participant would get sick was directly related
to how much stress the person had experienced during the past year. They also linked the intensity of stress
and negative affect at the time of exposure to the later severity of the cold, as measured by mucus production.
In an interesting twist, it was demonstrated that how sociable you are—that is, the quantity and quality of your
social relationships—affects whether you come down with a cold when exposed to the virus, perhaps because
socializing with friends relieves stress.
Almost certainly, the effect of stress on susceptibility to infections is mediated through the immune system,
which protects the body from any foreign materials that may enter it. Humans under stress show clearly
increased rates of infectious diseases, including colds, herpes, and mononucleosis. Direct evidence links a
number of stressful situations to lowered immune system functioning, including marital discord or relationship
difficulties, job loss, and the death of a loved one.
104. Discuss why stress is often implicated as a factor in cardiovascular disease. Define Type A personality and discuss
research regarding its validity.
ANSWER: Sample Answer: The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and control mechanisms for its
regulation. Cardiovascular disease often occurs because of blockages in blood vessels to the heart, which
cause heart attacks, and in blood vessels to the brain, which cause stress. High blood pressure (hypertension)
and high cholesterol levels contribute to both of these problems. Hypertension can occur as a result of strong
physiological responses to stress, kidney problems, emotional distress, feelings of uncontrollability, and low
social support. Type A behavior was originally described as a combination of impatience, energy, time
pressure, and competitiveness. Early researchers (Freidman and Rosenman) thought this behavior pattern
caused heart disease, although later research suggests that the relationship is complex, with negative emotions
such as anger, hostility, anxiety, and depression being stronger predictors of cardiovascular disease than the
Type A pattern itself.
105. Discuss chronic pain. What factors, including psychological, are thought to maintain chronic pain?
ANSWER: Sample AnswerChronic pain usually begins with an acute episode or injury, but the pain does not decrease
over time, even when the injury has healed or effective treatments have been administered. Typically, chronic
pain occurs in muscles, joints, or tendons, but it can also be related to headaches and degenerative diseases.
Chronic pain can affect all aspects of a person’s life, but responses vary as a function of psychological
responses. Anxiety and depression exacerbate the affects of chronic pain, while a sense of control and
optimism can result in less distress and disability.
106. Describe the use of biofeedback, meditation, and relaxation techniques in the management of stress-related disorders.
How effective are these treatments for stress management and pain relief?
ANSWER: Sample Answer: Biofeedback refers to the process of making patients aware of specific physiological
functions that they would not ordinarily notice such as heart rate and muscle tension. Using feedback
regarding their responses, they are taught to alter or change these responses to promote relaxation.
Biofeedback has been shown to be effective at controlling a number of types of pain, including headaches.
Relaxation and meditation techniques focus on helping people to focus attention on either a single thought or
image, or part of the body, in order to promote the relaxation response. By minimizing distractions, people
learn to focus on internal sensations. This process can promote a sense of calm, control, and mastery, and relax
the body. Such techniques have been shown to have positive effects on headaches, hypertension, and some
types of acute and chronic pain.
107. Discuss prevention and intervention programs. What medical conditions and/or behaviors are targeted? Compare
injury prevention programs with the more typical information and warnings.
ANSWER: Sample Answer: In stress-management programs, individuals practice a variety of procedures presented to
them in a workbook. First, they learn to monitor their stress closely and to identify the stressful events in their
daily lives. Clients are taught to be specific about recording the times they experience stress, the intensity of
the stress, and what seems to trigger it. They also note the somatic symptoms and thoughts that occur when
they are stressed. All this monitoring becomes important in carrying through with the program, but it can be
helpful in itself because it reveals precise patterns and causes of stress and helps clients learn what changes to
make to cope better.
After learning to monitor stress, clients are taught deep muscle relaxation, which first involves tensing various
muscles to identify the location of different muscle groups. Clients are then systematically taught to relax the
muscle groups beyond the point of inactivity, that is, to actively let go of the muscle so that no tension remains
in it.
Appraisals and attitudes are an important part of stress, and clients learn how they exaggerate the negative
impact of events in their day-to-day lives. In the program, therapist and client use cognitive therapy to develop
more realistic appraisals and attitudes. In this program, individuals work hard to identify unrealistic negative
thoughts and to develop new appraisals and attitudes almost instantaneously when negative thoughts occur.
Such assessment is often the most difficult part of the program. Finally, clients in stress-reduction programs
develop new coping strategies, such as time management and assertiveness training. During time-management
training, patients are taught to prioritize their activities and pay less attention to nonessential demands. During
assertiveness training, they learn to stand up for themselves in an appropriate way. Clients also learn other
procedures for managing everyday problems.
Some evidence suggests that chronic reliance on over-the-counter analgesic (pain reliever) medications lessens
the efficacy of comprehensive programs in the treatment of headache and may make headaches worse because
patients experience increased headache pain every time the medication wears off or is stopped.
A variety of programs focusing on behavior change have proved effective for preventing injuries in children.
For example, children have been systematically and successfully taught to escape fires, identify and report
emergencies, safely cross streets, ride bicycles safely, and deal with injuries such as serious cuts. In many of
these programs, the participating children maintained the safety skills they had learned for months after the
intervention—as long as assessments were continued, in most cases. Because little evidence indicates that
repeated warnings are effective in preventing injuries, programmatic efforts to change behavior are important.
Such programs, however, are nonexistent in most communities.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Accept no
substitutes
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Accept no substitutes
Author: Robert Sheckley
Illustrator: Ed Emshwiller
Release date: October 12, 2023 [eBook #71859]
Language: English
Original publication: New York, NY: Royal Publications, Inc, 1957
Credits: Greg Weeks, Mary Meehan and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ACCEPT NO

SUBSTITUTES ***
Accept No Substitutes
By ROBERT SHECKLEY
Illustrated by ED EMSH
The Sexual Morality Act was fierce

to buck, but the Algolian sex surrogate
was ... er ... even fiercer!
[Transcriber's Note: This etext was produced from

Infinity March 1958.
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that
the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]
Ralph Garvey's private space yacht was in the sling at Boston
Spaceport, ready for takeoff. He was on yellow standby, waiting for
the green, when his radio crackled.
"Tower to G43221," the radio buzzed. "Please await customs
inspection."
"Righto," said Garvey, with a calmness he did not feel. Within him,
something rolled over and died.
Customs inspection! Of all the black, accursed, triple-distilled bad
luck! There was no regular inspection of small private yachts. The
Department had its hands full with the big interstellar liners from
Cassiopeia, Algol, Deneb, and a thousand other places. Private
ships just weren't worth the time and money. But to keep them in
line, Customs held occasional spot checks. No one knew when the
mobile customs team would descend upon any particular spaceport.
But chances of being inspected at any one time were less than fifty
to one.
Garvey had been counting on that factor. And he had paid eight
hundred dollars to know for certain that the East coast team was in
Georgia. Otherwise, he would never have risked a twenty-year jail
sentence for violation of the Sexual Morality Act.
There was a loud rap on his port. "Open for inspection, please."
"Righto," Garvey called out. He locked the door to the after cabin. If
the inspector wanted to look there, he was sunk. There was no place
in the ship where he could successfully conceal a packing case ten
feet high, and no way he could dispose of its illegal contents.
"I'm coming," Garvey shouted. Beads of perspiration stood out on his
high, pale forehead. He thought wildly of blasting off anyhow, running
for it, to Mars, Venus.... But the patrol ships would get him before he
had covered a million miles. There was nothing he could do but try to
bluff it.
He touched a button. The hatch slid back and a tall, thin uniformed
man entered.
"Thought you'd get away with it, eh, Garvey?" the inspector barked.
"You rich guys never learn!"
Somehow, they had found out! Garvey thought of the packing crate
in the after cabin, and its human-shaped, not-yet-living contents.
Damning, absolutely damning. What a fool he'd been!
He turned back to the control panel. Hanging from a corner of it, in a

cracked leather holster, was his revolver. Rather than face twenty
years breaking pumice on Lunar, he would shoot, then try—
"The Sexual Morality Act isn't a blue law, Garvey," the inspector
continued, in a voice like steel against flint. "Violations can have a
catastrophic effect upon the individual, to say nothing of the race.
That's why we're going to make an example of you, Garvey. Now
let's see the evidence."
"I don't know what in hell you're talking about," Garvey said.
Surreptitiously his hand began to creep toward the revolver.
"Wake up, boy!" said the inspector. "You mean you still don't
recognize me?"
Garvey stared at the inspector's tanned, humorous face. He said,
"Eddie Starbuck?"
"About time! How long's it been, Ralph? Ten years?"
"At least ten," Garvey said. His knees were beginning to shake from
sheer relief. "Sit down, sit down, Eddie! You still drink bourbon?"
"I'll say." Starbuck sat down on one of Garvey's acceleration
couches. He looked around, and nodded.
"Nice. Very nice. You must be rich indeed, old buddy."
"I get by," Garvey said. He handed Starbuck a drink, and poured one
for himself. They talked for a while about old times at Michigan State.
"And now you're a Customs inspector," Garvey said.
"Yeah," said Starbuck, stretching his long legs. "Always had a yen for
the law. But it doesn't pay like transistors, eh?"
Garvey smiled modestly. "But what's all this about the Sexual
Morality Act? A gag?"
"Not at all. Didn't you hear the news this morning? The FBI found an
underground sex factory. They hadn't been in business long, so it
was possible to recover all the surrogates. All except one."
"Oh?" said Garvey, draining his drink.
"Yeah. That's when they called us in. We're covering all spaceports,
on the chance the receiver will try to take the damned thing off
Earth."
Garvey poured another drink and said, very casually, "So you figured
I was the boy, eh?"
Starbuck stared at him a moment, then exploded into laughter. "You,
Ralph? Hell, no! Saw your name on the spaceport out-list. I just
dropped in for a drink, boy, for old time's sake. Listen, Ralph, I
remember you. Hell-on-the-girls-Garvey. Biggest menace to virginity
in the history of Michigan State. What would a guy like you want a
substitute for?"
"My girls wouldn't stand for it," Garvey said, and Starbuck laughed
again, and stood up.
"Look, I gotta run. Call me when you get back?"
"I sure will!" A little light-headed, he said, "Sure you don't want to
inspect anyhow, as long as you're here?"
Starbuck stopped and considered. "I suppose I should, for the
record. But to hell with it, I won't hold you up." He walked to the port,
then turned. "You know, I feel sorry for the guy who's got that
surrogate."
"Eh? Why?"
"Man, those things are poison! You know that, Ralph! Anything's
possible—insanity, deformation.... And this guy may have even more
of a problem."
"Why?"
"Can't tell you, boy," Starbuck said. "Really can't. It's special
information. The FBI isn't certain yet. Besides, they're waiting for the
right moment to spring it."
With an easy wave, Starbuck left. Garvey stared after him, thinking
hard. He didn't like the way things were going. What had started out
as an illicit little vacation was turning into a full-scale criminal affair.
Why hadn't he thought of this earlier? He had been apprehensive in
the sexual substitute factory, with its low lights, its furtive, white-
aproned men, its reek of raw flesh and plastic. Why hadn't he given
up the idea then? The surrogates couldn't be as good as people
said....
"Tower to G43221," the radio crackled. "Are you ready?"
Garvey hesitated, wishing he knew what Starbuck had been hinting
at. Maybe he should stop now, while there was still time.
Then he thought of the giant crate in the after cabin, and its contents,
waiting for activation, waiting for him. His pulse began to race. He
knew that he was going through with it, no matter what the risk.
He signalled to the tower, and strapped himself into the control chair.
An hour later he was in space.
Twelve hours later, Garvey cut his jets. He was a long way from
Earth, but nowhere near Luna. His detectors, pushed to their utmost
limit, showed nothing in his vicinity. No liners were going by, no
freighters, no police ships, no yachts. He was alone. Nothing and no
one was going to disturb him.
He went into the after cabin. The packing case was just as he had
left it, securely fastened to the deck. Even the sight of it was vaguely
exciting. Garvey pressed the activating stud on the outside of the
case, and sat down to wait for the contents to awaken and come to
life.
The surrogates had been developed earlier in the century. They had
come about from sheer necessity. At that time, mankind was
beginning to push out into the galaxy. Bases had been established
on Venus, Mars and Titan, and the first interstellar ships were
arriving at Algol and Stagoe II. Man was leaving Earth.
Man—but not woman.
The first settlements were barely toeholds in alien environments. The
work was harsh and demanding, and life expectancy was short.
Whole settlements were sometimes wiped out before the ships were
fully unloaded. The early pioneers were like soldiers on the line of
battle, and exposed to risks no soldier had ever encountered.
Later there would be a place for women. Later—but not now.
So here and there, light-years from Earth, were little worlds without
women—and not happy about it.
The men grew sullen, quarrelsome, violent. They grew careless, and
carelessness on an alien planet was usually fatal.
They wanted women.
Since real women could not go to them, scientists on Earth
developed substitutes. Android females were developed, the
surrogates, and shipped to the colonies. It was a violation of Earth's
morals; but there were worse violations on the way if these weren't
accepted.
For a while, everything seemed to be fine. It would probably have
gone on that way, had everyone left well enough alone.
But the companies on Earth had the usual desire to improve their
product. They called in sculptors and artists to dress up the
appearance of the package. Engineers tinkered with the surrogates,
re-wired them, built in subtler stimulus-response mechanisms, did
strange things with conditioned reflexes. And the men of the
settlements were very happy with the results.
So happy, in fact, that they refused to return to human women, even
when they had the opportunity.
They came back to Earth after their tours of duty, these pioneers,
and they brought their surrogates with them. Loud and long they
praised the substitute women, and pointed out their obvious
superiority to neurotic, nervous, frigid human women.
Naturally, other men wanted to try out the surrogates. And when they
did, they were pleasantly surprised. And spread the word. And—
The government stepped in, quickly and firmly. For one thing, over
fifty percent of the votes were at stake. But more important, social
scientists predicted a violent drop in the birth rate if this went on. So
the government destroyed the surrogates, outlawed the factories,
and told everyone to return to normal.
And reluctantly, everyone did. But there were always some men who
remembered, and told other men. And there were always some men
who weren't satisfied with second-best. So....
Garvey heard movements within the crate. He smiled to himself,

remembering stories he had heard of the surrogates' piquant habits.
Suddenly there was a high-pitched clanging. It was the standby
alarm from the control room. He hurried forward.
It was an emergency broadcast, on all frequencies, directed to Earth
and all ships at space. Garvey tuned it in.
"This is Edward Danzer," the radio announced crisply. "I am Chief of
the Washington branch of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. You
have all heard, on your local newscasts, of the detection and closure
of an illegal sexual substitute factory. And you know that all except
one of the surrogates have been found. This message is for the man
who has that last surrogate, wherever he may be."
Garvey licked his lips nervously and hunched close to the radio.
Within the after cabin, the surrogate was still making waking-up
noises.
"That man is in danger!" Danzer said. "Serious danger! Our
investigation of the molds and forms used in the factory showed us
that something strange was going on. Just this morning, one of the
factory technicians finally confessed.
"The missing surrogate is not an Earth model!
"I repeat," Danzer barked, "the missing surrogate is not an Earth
model! The factory operators had been filling orders for the planet
Algol IV. When they ran short of Earth models for humans, they
substituted an Algolian model. Since the sale of a surrogate is illegal
anyhow, they figured the customer would have no kickback."
Garvey sighed with relief. He had been afraid he had a small
dinosaur in the packing case, at the very least.
"Perhaps," Danzer continued, "the holder of the Algolian surrogate
does not appreciate his danger yet. It is true, of course, that the
Algolians are of the species homo sapiens. It has been established
that the two races share a common ancestry in the primeval past.
But Algol is different from our Earth.
"The planet Algol IV is considerably heavier than Earth, and has a
richer oxygen atmosphere. The Algolians, raised in this physical
environment, have a markedly superior musculature to that of the
typical Earthman. Colloquially, they are strong as rhinos.
"But the surrogate, of course, does not know this. She has a
powerful and indiscriminate mating drive. That's where the danger
lies! So I say to the customer—give yourself up now, while there's
still time. And remember: crime does not pay."
The radio crackled static, then hummed steadily. Garvey turned it off.
He had been taken, but good! He really should have inspected his
merchandise before accepting it. But the crate had been sealed.
He was out a very nice chunk of money.
But, he reminded himself, he had lots of money. It was fortunate he
had discovered the error in time. Now he would jettison the crate in
space, and return to Earth. Perhaps real girls were best, after all....
He heard the sound of heavy blows coming from the crate in the
after cabin.
"I guess I'd better take care of you, honey," Garvey said, and walked
quickly to the cabin.
A fusillade of blows rocked the crate. Garvey frowned and reached
for the de-activating switch. As he did so, one side of the heavy crate
splintered. Through the opening shot a long golden arm. The arm
flailed wildly, and Garvey moved out of its way.
The situation wasn't humorous any more, he decided. The case
rocked and trembled under the impact of powerful blows. Garvey
estimated the force behind those blows, and shuddered. This had to
be stopped at once. He ran toward the crate.
Long, tapered fingers caught his sleeve, ripping it off. Garvey
managed to depress the de-activating stud and throw himself out of
range.
There was a moment of silence. Then the surrogate delivered two
blows with the impact of a pile driver. An entire side of the packing
case splintered.
It was too late for de-activation.
Garvey backed away. He was beginning to grow alarmed. The

Algolian sexual substitute was preposterously strong; that seemed to
be how they liked them on Algol. What passed for a tender love
embrace on Algol would probably fracture the ribs of an Earthman.
Not a nice outlook.
But wasn't it likely that the surrogate had some sort of discriminatory
sense built in? Surely she must be able to differentiate between an
Earthman and an Algolian. Surely....
The packing case fell apart, and the surrogate emerged.
She was almost seven feet tall, and gloriously, deliciously
constructed. Her skin was a light golden-red, and her shoulder-
length hair was lustrous black. Standing motionless, she looked to
Garvey like a heroic statue of ideal femininity.
The surrogate was unbelievably beautiful—
And more dangerous than a cobra, Garvey reminded himself
reluctantly.
"Well there," Garvey said, gazing up at her, "as you can see, a
mistake has been made."
The surrogate stared at him with eyes of deepest gray.
"Yes ma'am," Garvey said, with a nervous little laugh, "it's really a
ridiculous error. You, my dear, are an Algolian. I am an Earthman.
We have nothing in common. Understand?"
Her red mouth began to quiver.
"Let me explain," Garvey went on. "You and I are from different
races. That's not to say I consider you ugly. Quite the contrary! But
unfortunately, there can never be anything between us, miss."
She looked at him uncomprehendingly.
"Never," Garvey repeated. He looked at the shattered packing case.
"You don't know your own strength. You'd probably kill me
inadvertently. And we wouldn't want that, would we?"
The surrogate murmured something deep in her beautiful throat.
"So that's the way it is," Garvey said briskly. "You stay right here, old
girl. I'm going to the control room. We'll land on Earth in a few hours.
Then I'll arrange to have you shipped to Algol. The boys'll really go
for you on Algol! Sounds good, huh?"
The surrogate gave no sign of understanding. Garvey moved away.
The surrogate pushed back her long hair and began to move toward
him. Her intentions were unmistakable.
Garvey backed away, step by step. He noticed that the surrogate
was beginning to breathe heavily. Panic overtook him then, and he
sprinted through the cabin door, slamming it behind him. The
surrogate smashed against the door, calling to him in a clear,
wordless voice. Garvey went to the instrument panel and began to
evacuate the air from the after cabin.
Dial hands began to swing. Garvey heaved a sigh of relief and
collapsed into a chair. It had been a close thing. He didn't like to
think what would have happened if the Algolian sexual substitute had
managed to seize him. Probably he would not have lived through the
experience. He felt sorry at the necessity of killing so magnificent a
creature, but it was the only safe thing to do.
He lighted a cigarette. As soon as she was dead, he would jettison
her, crate and all, into space. Then he would get good and drunk.
And at last, he would return to Earth a sadder and wiser man. No
more substitutes for him! Plain, old-fashioned girls were good
enough. Yessir, Garvey told himself, if women were all right for my
father, they're all right for me. And when I have a son, I'm going to
say to him, son, stick with women. They're all right. Accept no
substitutes. Insist upon the genuine article....
He was getting giddy, Garvey noticed. And his cigarette had gone
out. He resisted a tremendous desire to giggle, and looked at his
gauges. The air was leaving the after cabin, all right. But it was also
leaving the control room.
Garvey sprang to his feet and inspected the cabin door. He swore
angrily. That damned surrogate had managed to spring the hinges.
The door was no longer airtight.
He turned quickly to the control board and stopped the evacuation of
air. Why, he asked himself, did everything have to happen to him?
The surrogate renewed her battering tactics. She had picked up a
metal chair and was hammering at the hinges.
But she couldn't break through a tempered-steel door, Garvey told
himself. Oh, no. Not a chance. Never.
The door began to bulge ominously.
Garvey stood in the center of the control room, sweat rolling down
his face, trying desperately to think. He could put on a spacesuit,
then evacuate all the air from the ship....
But the spacesuits, together with the rest of his equipment, were in
the after cabin.
What else? This is serious, Garvey told himself. This is very serious.
His mind seemed paralyzed. What could he do? Raise the
temperature? Lower it?
He didn't know what the surrogate could stand. But he had a
suspicion it was more than he could take.
One hinge shattered. The door bent, revealing the surrogate behind
it, pounding relentlessly, her satiny skin glistening with perspiration.
Then Garvey remembered his revolver. He snatched it out of its
holster and flipped off the safeties, just as the last hinge cracked and
the door flew open.
"Stay in there," Garvey said, pointing the revolver.
The Algolian substitute moaned, and held out her arms to him. She
smiled dazzlingly, seductively, and advanced upon him.
"Not another step!" Garvey shrieked, torn between fear and desire.
He took aim, wondering if a bullet would stop her....
And what would happen if it didn't.
The surrogate, her eyes blazing with passion, leaped for him. Garvey
gripped the revolver in both shaking hands and began shooting. The
noise was deafening. He fired three times, and the surrogate kept on
coming.
"Stop!" Garvey screamed. "Please stop!"
Slower now, the surrogate advanced.
Garvey fired his fourth shot. Limping now, the surrogate came on,
her desire unchecked.
Garvey backed to the wall. All he wanted now was to live long
enough to get his hands on the factory operator. The surrogate
gathered herself and pounced.
At point-blank range, Garvey fired his last shot.
Three days later, Garvey's ship received clearance and came down
at Boston Spaceport. The landing was not made with Garvey's usual
skill. On the final approach he scored a ten-foot hole in the
reinforced concrete landing pit, but finally came to rest.
Eddie Starbuck hurried out to the ship and banged on the port.
"Ralph! Ralph!"
Slowly the port swung open.
"Ralph! What in hell happened to you?" Starbuck cried.
Garvey looked as though he had been wrestling with a meat grinder
and come out second-best. His face was bruised, and his hair had
been badly scorched. He walked out of the ship with a pronounced
limp.
"A power line overloaded," Garvey said. "Had quite a tussle before I
could put everything out."
"Wow!" Starbuck said. "Look, Ralph, I'm sorry to put you through this
now, but—well—"
"What's up?"
"Well, that damned surrogate still hasn't been found. The FBI has
ordered inspection of all ships, private and commercial. I'm sorry to
ask it now, after all you've been through—"
"Go right ahead," Garvey said.
The inspection was brief but thorough. Starbuck came out and
checked his list.
"Thanks, Ralph. Sorry to bother you. That power line sure kicked up
a mess, huh?"
"It did," Garvey said. "But I was able to jettison the furniture before it
smoked me out. Now you'll have to excuse me, Eddie. I've got some
unfinished business."
He started to walk away, Starbuck followed him.
"Look, boy, you'd better see a doctor. You aren't looking so good."
"I'm fine," Garvey said, his face set in an expression of implacable
resolve.
Starbuck scratched his head and walked slowly to the control tower.
Garvey caught a heli outside the spaceport. His head was beginning
to ache again, and his legs were shaky.
The surrogate's strength and tenacity had been unbelievable. If she
had been operating at her full capacity, he would never have
survived. But that last shot at point-blank range had done it. No
organism was constructed to take punishment like that. Not for very
long.

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Essentials of Abnormal Psychology 7th

Edition Durand Test Bank

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Title: Accept no substitutes

Author: Robert Sheckley

Release date: October 12, 2023 [eBook #71859]

Original publication: New York, NY: Royal Publications, Inc, 1957

Credits: Greg Weeks, Mary Meehan and the Online Distributed

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ACCEPT NO

The Sexual Morality Act was fierce

[Transcriber's Note: This etext was produced from

He turned back to the control panel. Hanging from a corner of it, in a

Garvey heard movements within the crate. He smiled to himself,

Garvey backed away. He was beginning to grow alarmed. The

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