CHITTAGONG UNIVERSIITY OF

ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM & MINING ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE: ME-276

COURSE TITLE: FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO: 04

EXPERIMENT NAME : Performance test of Kaplan Turbine

SUBMITTED BY:
REMARKS
Name: Ahmed Sakib
ID: 1807005
Group: 01
Date of Experiment: 08/12/2021
Date of Submission: 19/12/2021

OBJECTIVES:

1. To determine Q, PIT, POT, POG and ηT, ηO at different flow rate.

2. To plot characteristics curves of the pump; Nu vs Q; & Nu vs Pu; & Nu vs ηo.
3. To calculate the turbine speed N and Specific speed N s at the maximum
efficiency.

Apparatus:
Kaplan turbine test rig: Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine. Water
enters the turbine through the stationary guide vanes and passes through the
runner axially. The runner has a hub and airfoil vanes, which are mounted on
it. The water is fed to the turbine by means of Centrifugal Pump.

Tachometer: A Tachometer is an instrument that measures the working speed

of an engine, typically in revolutions per minute (RPM). It is commonly used in
cars, boats, planes, and other vehicles. Most tachometer gauges have either an
analog (dial) or digital (LCD or LED screen) display.

Theory:

In put power of the Turbine (PIT) = WH

Where, W = flow rate Kg/s

Total head H = Delivery head (Hd) + Suction head (Hs) + Datum head (Zs + Zd)

Output power the Turbine (POT) = TN

Where, T = Torque produced by the turbine = FL

N = Turbine rpm F = Balance wt (Kg) L = arm length (m),

Output of the generator (POG) = AV (KW)

The efficiency of the turbine (ηT) = POT/PIT

Overall Efficiency of the Plant (ηO) = POG/PIT

Unit Speed Nu = N/H1/2

Unit Power Pu = POT/H3/2

Specific Ns = NPOT1/2/H5/

Procedure:

1. Before starting the operation running condition of the pump should

be checked.
2. The brake, speed-measuring instrument, gate valve, and manometer
should be checked.
3. Now the motor is started and the gate valve is opened gently then a
stream of jet strikes the wheel blades.
4. After being satisfied that the turbine is running satisfactorily start
taking data for the experiment. Check with the teacher before taking
data.
5. Take a number of observations by varying the speed i.e. by
controlling the delivery valve. Each observation will consist of taking
delivery pressure gage reading for flow rate measurement and
torque.

Experimental Setup:
 Figure-01: Kaplan Turbine performance test setup

EXPERIMENTAL DATA:

Data Sheet

Roll No: 1807006 Date: 08/12/2021

Datum head ( Z s) = 0.5m Length of the arm (L) = 0.3m

Throat area= 4.56×10-3 m2 Pipe area= 1.27×10-2 m2

Test Raw Data Calculated Data

Head Load Speed Amp Volt Flow Power Efficiency Speed

SI Hs Hd Hv F Nt A V Q P¿ POT POG Pu ηT ηo Nu NS
(Hg) (Hg) (Hg) (gm) (l/s)
(rpm) (KW) (KW) (KW)
(mm) (mm) (mm)
1 186 212 75 140 1040 0.33 24.5 0.005 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.16 1097 80.4
0.008
53 873 457 538 387 417 .48 63
2 206 220 96 140 1300 0.42 40 0.006 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.29 1350 108.
0.017
26 685 572 642 058 903 .95 22
3 286 320 137 140 1800 0.56 80 0.007 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.55 1711 141.
0.045
48 111 792 680 760 477 .57 21
4 301 340 147 140 2000 0.65 105.6 0.007 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.79 1872 159.
0.069
5 74 668 880 722 148 602 .35 07
5 356 360 162 140 2100 0.66 110.3 0.008 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.75 1904 158.
0.073
13 698 924 689 524 275 .38 05
6 376 395 152 140 1400 0.47 60.5 0.007 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.28 1241 81.4
0.028
87 819 616 430 271 517 .81 0
7 376 405 147 140 1500 0.52 70.3 0.007 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.38 1325 89.4
0.037
74 732 660 455 779 020 .31 0
8 376 410 157 140 1600 0.51 63.5 0.008 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.31 1410 98.0
0.032
00 097 704 483 97 694 .91 1
9 376 410 177 140 1750 0.56 77.2 0.008 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.40 1543 112.
0.043
50 720 770 528 18 110 .18 11
10 376 410 177 140 1900 0.55 102.8 0.008 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.53 1675 126.
0.057
50 720 836 573 795 170 .46 83
CALCULATIONS:

Total head H = Delivery head (Hd) + Suction head (Hs) + Datum head (Zs + Zd)

= 186 + 212 + 500

= 898 mm = 0.898 m

For observation 1 :

V2
Hv = 2 g

V = √ H v ×2 g = √ 0.075×2×9.81 =1.213 ms-1

Q = Throat Area × V = 4.56×10-3×1.213 = 5.53×10-3 m3/s

Input power of the turbine, PIT = γQH

=9810×5.53×10-3×0.898 = 48.72 W

= 4.872×10-2 KW

Output Power of Turbine, POT = Tω

2 πN
= Fl × 60

2 π ×1040
= 0.140 × 0.3 × 60
W

POT = 4.57415 W = 4.57415×10-3 kW

Output of generator, POG = AV = 0.33 × 24.5 W

= 8.085 W = 8.085 ×10-3 kW

−3
P OT 4.574159 ×10
Unit Power, Pu = 3 = 3 kW
H2 ( 0.898)2

= 5.37522 × 10-3 kW
P OT 4.57415 ×10−3
The efficiency of Turbine, ηT = = −2 × 100%
P¿ 4.872 ×10
 = 9.39%
P OG 8.085 ×10−3
Overall Efficiency of the Plant, ηO = = × 100%
P ¿ 4.872 ×10−2

= 16.596 %
N 1040
Unit Speed, Nu = 1 = 1 = 1097.476
H 2
(0.898) 2
1 1
2 2
N POT 1040× ( 4.57415 )
Specific speed, Ns = 5 = 1 = 2347.201
2
H 4
(0.898)

GRAPHS:

Q,Pu,ηo vs Nu Q

-1.9 0 P
-1.95 -0.1
ƞ
-2 -0.2
Q -2.05 -0.3
-2.1 ηo
-0.4
Pu -2.15
-0.5
-2.2
-0.6
-2.25
-2.3 -0.7

-2.35 -0.8
-2.4 -0.9

Nu
RESULTS:

Flow rate, Q = 5.53×10-3 m3/s

Input power of the Turbine, PIT = 4.872×10-2 KW

Output power of the Turbine, POT = 4.57415×10-3 kW

Output power of the generator, POG = 8.085 ×10-3 kW

Unit Power, Pu = 5.37522 × 10-3 kW

Efficiency of the Turbine, ηT = 9.39%

Overall efficiency, 16.596 %

Unit Speed, Nu = 1097.476

Specific, Ns= 2347.201

DISCUSSION:
The results appeared to be more error-prone than predicted; in practice, changes from theory
will occur because friction/viscosity result in energy loss in the system and somewhat varied
heads in each portion of the kaplan turbine. The pulsing of the water being pumped also made
some of the manometer readings difficult to read; these were either ignored or averaged with
others to produce a more consistent result. If the pump is switched off, additional air enters
the system and must be purged before continue, otherwise the manometer values will be
incorrect.