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RICH GOLDEN SHOWER MONTESSORI CENTER

Senior High School Department
S.Y. 2021 – 2022

LEARNING PACKET IN SCIENCE 9

WEEK 27: APRIL 18 - 22, 2022

GENERAL DIRECTIONS: Write all answers in intermediate pad paper.

I. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)

1. Relate impulse and momentum to collisions of objects (e.g., vehicular collision)
2. Infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal.

II. Topic:
a. Impulse
b. Momentum

III. Discussions:

A. Introduction
What makes things move? Why do some objects move continuously while some moving
objects stop suddenly? These might be some questions you had in mind but were not really
answered yet.
B. What affects motion?
Consider a moving bicycle and a car, which of the two will be difficult to stop? Of course it
is the car because it has greater mass and, possibly, has been moving faster. Moreover, we
can say that the car has greater momentum. But, what is momentum?

C. MOMENTUM
 Momentum is the quantity of motion in an object. All moving objects have
momentum. Massive objects and those moving at high velocity have greater
momentum. Between the moving bicycle and a car, the heavier one is more difficult
to stop. This is because it possesses a greater inertia in motion which depends on an
object’s mass and velocity. Do you still remember Newton’s First Law of Motion?
It is also known as inertia in motion. For objects moving at the same velocity, a
more massive object has a greater inertia in motion therefore a greater momentum.
Momentum depends on two factors, mass and velocity. Two cars of the same mass
but different velocities will also have different momenta.
 Consider the two identical cars below. Car A is travelling at 80 km/h while car B is
travelling at 30 km/h. which of the two cars would be more difficult to stop? Which
of the two cars has more momentum? Car A, being faster, is more difficult to stop.
It has more momentum.
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 On what factors does momentum depend on? It depends on mass and velocity.
 Operationally, momentum is defined as the product of mass and the velocity
of an object. In equation,
ρ=mv
Where: ρ=momentum∈kg . m/s
m=mass∈kg
m
v=velocity ∈
s
Example:
1. What is the momentum of a 50-kg cart moving at a speed of 3 m/s?
Given: m = 50 kg; v = 3 m/s
Required: ρ=?
Equation: ρ=mv
Solution: ρ=50 kg x 3 m/s
Answer: ρ=150 kg . m/s
2. How fast a 500-kg truck is moving if its momentum is 2500 kg.m/s?
Given: m = 500 kg; ρ = 2500 kg.m/s
Required: v=?

ρ mv ρ
Equation: = v=
m m m
2500 kg . m/s
Solution: v=
500 kg
Answer: v=5 m/s
3. What is the mass of a car travelling at a speed of 4 m/s having a
momentum of 1500 kg.m/s?
Given: v = 4 m/s; ρ = 1500 kg.m/s
Required: m=?
ρ mv ρ
Equation: = m=
v v v
1500 kg . m/s
Solution: m=
4 m/s
Answer: m=375 kg

 Remember this:
Equation to Use If you are looking for.. If you know..
ρ=mv Momentum Mass and velocity
ρ Mass Momentum and
m=
v velocity
ρ velocity Momentum and mass
v=
m

D. IMPULSE
- Impulse causes the change in momentum.
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- The force we exert within a given period of time to change the momentum is called
IMPULSE. In equation:
I =Ft =∆ ρ
Where: I =Impulse∈ Newton−second∨N . s
F=Force∈Newton (N)
t=time∈seconds(s)
- Impulse can be experienced during collision. It determines the strength and the
duration of a collision.

E. COLLISION
- Collision is an event where two or more bodies exert forces with each other within a
given period of time.
- We experience collision in our everyday life like collision of molecules, collision of
vehicles, and collision of a bat and a ball.

- Consider a collision between a bat and a ball. As the bat hits the ball, the ball gains
velocity, hence, the impulse of the bat on the ball increases the ball’s momentum. To
maximize this change in momentum, the batter should hit the ball with a great force
within a time interval long enough for the ball to move fast.
- Now let us look on the collision of our feet and the ground as we jump from an elevated
place. We can jump with either legs bent or straight. By doing any of these, we have the
same impulse to make out velocity zero when we reach the ground, resulting to a
decrease in momentum.

- Our next example is the collision of a brick and a hand. Analyze how a karate expert
break a brick with just bare hands. Momentum decreases as the karate expert brings
his hand to stop (velocity becomes zero) within a short period of time. The short time
of execution makes the force of impact large which can break the brick.
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- During collision, the bodies involved experience the same impulse, but it does not mean
that they are experiencing same amount of force over the same time interval.
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F. CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM

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 SOLVE FOR THE INITIAL AND FINAL MOMENTA USING THE GIVEN MASS
AND VELOCITY IN AN ELASTIC COLLISION.

 We can see that the initial and final moments are the same, this means that
the momentum is conserved.
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Prepared by: Checked by: Noted and Approved by:

Ms. Marie Rose I. Daños Ms. Valentina Villa Mrs. Margaret Tan Bueno, MAEd.
Subject Teacher JHS Principal President and School Directress