Unit 16- Theorems Related with Area

Exercise 16.1

Question # 1 In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, 𝑷𝑸 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒘𝒏 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝑩𝑪, cutting 𝑨𝑩 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑨𝑪 at point

P and Q respectively, 𝑩𝑸 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝑷 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒘𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒆𝒆𝒕 𝒂𝒕 "𝑹".
Prove that the following are equal in areas:
i) ∆𝑷𝑩𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∆𝑸𝑩𝑪
ii) ∆𝑩𝑹𝑷 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∆𝑪𝑹𝑸
iii) ∆𝑷𝑸𝑩 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑪
iv) ∆𝑨𝑩𝑸 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∆𝑨𝑪𝑷
Solution
Given:
A In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑃𝑄 ||𝐵𝐶 and 𝐶𝑃 are drawn to meet at “R”

i) Area of ∆𝑷𝑩𝑪 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑸𝑩𝑪

P Q 𝐴𝑠 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆𝑄𝐵𝐶 are formed on same base 𝐵𝐶 and between the same
parallels so their height/altitude will be equal hence their areas will be
R
R equal.
B C  Area of ∆𝑃𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑄𝐵𝐶 ------------------ (i)

ii) Area of ∆𝑩𝑹𝑷 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑪𝑹𝑸

As
Area of ∆𝑃𝐵𝐶 = Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝑃 + Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝐶 -------- (ii)
Area of ∆𝑄𝐵𝐶 = Area of ∆𝐶𝑅𝑄 + Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝐶 -------- (iii)

 Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝑃 + Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝐶 = area of ∆𝐶𝑅𝑄 + Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝐶 -------

using equation (i), (ii) and (iii)

and area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝐶 is same in above equation

 Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝑃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐶𝑅𝑄

iii) Area of ∆𝑷𝑸𝑩 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑪

Both triangles are formed on same base 𝑃𝑄 and between the same
parallels so their height/altitude will be equal
Hence
Area of ∆𝑃𝐵𝑄 = Area of ∆𝑃𝑄𝐶

Iv) Area of ∆𝑨𝑩𝑸 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝑪𝑷

As Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 − Area of ∆𝑃𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐶𝑃

And area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 − Area of ∆𝑄𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝑄
 Area of ∆𝐴𝐶𝑃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝑄
From (i) and Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is same in both equations

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Unit 16- Theorems Related with Area

Question # 2: PQRS is a parallelogram. A and B are mid points of PQ and PS

respectively. What fraction of the area of Parallelogram is:
i) ∆PAB
ii) ∆QBR
iii) ∆BAR

Solution:
i) 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆PAB

As diagonals of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles

which are equal in area by congruent area axiom
S R
Area of ∆𝑃𝑆𝑄 = Area of ∆𝑅𝑆𝑄
B
Areas of ∆𝑃𝑆𝑄 = × Area of parallelogram PQRS ---------- (i)

P A Q
Now in ∆𝑃𝑆𝑄, 𝐴𝑆 is median
As median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal area.

 Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝑆 = Area of ∆𝑄𝐴𝑆

and Area of ∆𝑃𝑆𝑄 = 2 × Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝑆 ------------ (ii)

 put (ii) in (i)

Area of parallelogram PQRS = 4 × Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝑆 ------------ (iii)

In ∆𝑃𝐴𝑆, 𝐴𝐵 is median

 Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝐵 = Area of ∆𝑆𝐴𝐵

 Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝑆 = 2 × Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝐵 ----------- (iv)

 put (iv) in (iii)

Area of parallelogram PQRS = 8 x Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝐵

 Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 1/8 × Area of parallelogram PQRS

(ii) Area of ∆QBR

S R
as ∆𝑄𝐵𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑅
B
and between the same parallels so their altitude will be same.

P A Q And area of a triangle is half of area of a parallelogram

 Area of ∆𝑄𝐵𝑅 = Area of parallelogram PQRS

Unit 16- Theorems Related with Area

(iii) 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑩𝑨𝑹

S R As diagonals of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles

which are also equal in area by congruent area axiom
B
Area of ∆𝑃𝑅𝑆 = Area of ∆𝑃𝑅𝑄 = Area of Parallelogram PQRS -------- (i)

P A Q In ∆𝑃𝑅𝑆 , 𝐵𝑅 is median
As median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal area.

Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝑆 = Area of ∆𝑃𝑅𝑆 ---------------------- (ii)

Similarly in ∆𝑃𝑅𝑄, 𝐴𝑅 is median

Area of AQR = Area of ∆𝑃𝑅𝑄 ------------------------- (iii)

 Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝑆 = Area of parallelogram PQRS
From (i) and (ii)

And Area of ∆𝐴𝑄𝑅 = Area of Parallelogram PQRS

From (i) and (iii)

As four congruent triangles can be made by joining the mid points of the
sides of a triangle.
Hence area of the triangles will be equal by congruent area of axioms.

In ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆, A and B are mid points of 𝑃𝑅 and 𝑃𝑆

Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆

Area of ∆𝐵𝐴𝑅 = Area of parallelogram PQRS – [Area of ∆𝐵𝑅𝑆 + Area of

∆𝐴𝑄𝑅 + Area of ∆𝑃𝐴𝐵]

= Area of Parallelogram PQRS - + + x Area of Parallelogram PQRS

= 1− + × 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆

= × Area of Parallelogram PQRS

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Unit 16- Theorems Related with Area

Question # 3 ABCD is a quadrilateral. The diagonal 𝑨𝑪 and 𝑩𝑫 meet at E. If ∆𝑨𝑩𝑬

and ∆𝑪𝑫𝑬 are equal in area then prove that 𝑨𝑫 || 𝑩𝑪

Solution
Given:
In quadrilateral ABCD, diagonals intersects at E

B C Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 = Area of ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸

E To Prove: 𝑨𝑫 || 𝑩𝑪

A D As Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 = Area of ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 ------------------- (i)

Adding Area of ∆𝐴𝐸𝐷 on both sides of eq. (i)

 Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 + Area of ∆𝐴𝐸𝐷 = Area of ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 + Area of ∆𝐴𝐸𝐷

 Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 = Area of ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷 ------------------ (ii)

Both are formed on same base 𝐴𝐷 and their area is equal

Therefore their height/altitude will be equal

Hence they are formed between the same parallel lines

 𝐴𝐷 || 𝐵𝐶

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Question # 4 How many tiles, each 8 inches square, will be required to pave a
rectangular space 18 x 30 feet?

Solution
As 12 inches = 1 foot

18 feet × 30 feet = 18 × 12 inches × 30 × 12 inches

=77,760 inches square.

No of tiles required =

= 9,720 𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠

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Unit 16- Theorems Related with Area

Review # 16
Question # 2 Prove that the median of a triangle divides into two parts of equal area
Solution:
Given: In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐷 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛

 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐶𝐷 = × 𝐵𝐶 ------------- (i)
A Required: Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐴𝐷𝐶
Construction: draw 𝐴𝑁 𝐵𝐶

As Area of triangle = × Base × Height

In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷
B N D C 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 = × 𝐵𝐷 × 𝐴𝑁 ---------------(ii)

In ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷 = × 𝐶𝐷 × 𝐴𝑁 ---------------(ii)

= × 𝐵𝐷 × 𝐴𝑁 -------------- (iii)
from (i)
 Area of ∆𝐴BD = Area of ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷 from (ii) and (iii)
Hence median of a triangle divides into two parts of equal area

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Question # 3 In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, D and E are the mid points of AB and AC respectively. Prove
that ∆𝑨𝑫𝑬, ∆𝑩𝑫𝑬 and ∆𝑪𝑫𝑬 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
Solution:

Area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 = x Base x Height

A
= × 𝐴𝐷 × 𝐸𝑀 ------------------- (i)

M L 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐵𝐷𝐸 = × 𝐵𝐷 × 𝐸𝑀

= × 𝐵𝐷 × 𝐸𝑀 ------------------- (ii) 𝐴𝑠 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴𝐷
D E

 Area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 = Area of ∆𝐵𝐷𝐸 ------------ (A) from (i) and (ii)

As area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 = × 𝐴𝐸 × 𝐷𝐿 -------------- (iii) when Base is AE

B C
Area of ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 = × 𝐸𝐶 × 𝐷𝐿

= × 𝐴𝐸 × 𝐷𝐿 -------------- (iv) As 𝐸𝐶 = 𝐴𝐸

 Area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 = Area of ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 ------------(B) from (iii) and (iv)

 Area of ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 = Area of ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 = Area of ∆𝐵𝐷𝐸 from (A) & (B)
Unit 16- Theorems Related with Area

Question # 4 P is any point on the median 𝑨𝑫 of a ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪. Prove that ∆𝑨𝑩𝑷 𝒂𝒏𝒅
∆𝑨𝑪𝑷 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂

Solution:
Given: P is any point on the median 𝐴𝐷 of a triangle ABC
A
To Prove: Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐶𝑃

Proof:
P As median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal area

Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷 ---------------- (i)

B D C Similarly,

Area of ∆𝑃𝐷𝐵 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑃𝐷𝐶--------------- (ii)

As P is any point on the median AD

Subtracting (ii) from (i)

Area of ∆𝑃𝐷𝐵 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑃𝐷𝐵 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑃𝐷𝐶

 Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐶𝑃

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Question # 5 Find the area of triangle with Base 20 inches and Altitude 12 inches?

Solution:

Area of triangle = × Base × Height

= × 20 × 12

= 120 square inches

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Unit 16- Theorems Related with Area

Question ABCD is quadrilateral in which diagonals AC and BD intersects at

a Point E then,
Area of ∆𝑨𝑬𝑫 x A𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑩𝑬𝑪 = Area of ∆𝑨𝑩𝑬 x A𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑪𝑫𝑬

Solution:
Given:
ABCD is quadrilateral in which diagonals AC and BD intersects at a
A
Point E
D
E N To Prove:
M
Area of ∆𝐴𝐸𝐷 x A𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐵𝐸𝐶 = Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 x A𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸
B
C Construction:
Draw AM BD and CN BD

Proof:
Now Area of ∆𝐴𝐸𝐷 x 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐵𝐸𝐶

= × 𝐸𝐷 × 𝐴𝑀 × × 𝐵𝐸 × 𝐶𝑁

= × 𝐸𝐷 × 𝐴𝑀 × 𝐵𝐸 × 𝐶𝑁

= × 𝐵𝐸 × 𝐴𝑀 x × 𝐷𝐸 × 𝐶𝑁

= Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 × 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸

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