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Essentials of Ecology 4th Edition Begon Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Essentials of Ecology 4th Edition Begon Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Multiple Choice
8. For any given species, there is a _______, which describes the niche that
occurs under normal circumstances of interspecific competition within a
community and typically differs from the hypothetical ______, which
describes the niche that the species would inhabit if interspecific
competition was removed.
a. Realized niche, fundamental niche
b. Realized niche, ecological niche
c. Community niche, ecological niche
d. Fundamental niche, realized niche
ANSWER: A
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Application
Reference: Section 6.1 page 158
13.The Dolly Varden char is found at higher altitudes than another fish species,
the white-spotted char. One reason this occurs is because
a. Dolly Varden char cannot occupy the habitat where white-spotted
char live even when there are no white-spotted char there.
b. Dolly Varden char could outcompete white-spotted char and they
actually are found in lower altitude zones where white-spotted char
live.
c. The boundary is due to temperature-mediated competition that
favors white-spotted char.
d. The boundary is due to behavioral and morphological-mediated
competition that favors white-spotted char.
ANSWER: C
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Comprehension
Reference: 6.1
15. Let us assume there are two species of parasitoid wasps and you are
interested in understanding how inter- and intra- specific competition
affect each species reproductive output. Using the Lotka-Volterra model,
the competitive effects of these two wasps species is best described by the
following equations, K2 α12 > K1 and K1α21 > K2. What would this mean?
23.Competing species often coexist at one spatial scale but are found to have
distinct distributions at a finer scale of resolution. The Dolly Varden charr
and the white-spotted charr are competing species. These two fish species
coexist in the same stream, but at a finer scale
a. Each is confined to its own zone due to morphology.
b. They actually compete in sympatry.
c. Both are aggressive but white-spotted charr are more aggressive and
Dolly Varden charr avoid them.
d. Each is confined to its own zone due to temperature-mediated
competition.
ANSWER: D
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Application
Reference: 6.1
24.Competing species can coexist when both species are provided with a i)
realized niche, ii) fundamental niche, iii) guild, iv) competitor, v) overlap in
resource utilization
a. ii.
b. i, ii, iii, v.
c. i.
d. ii, iv, v.
ANSWER: C
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Application
Reference: 6.1
27.You determine that two species of birds coexist in the same tree, but that
they have different feeding behaviors that prevents them from competing
with one another for resources. One bird species feeds on insects found in
the bark of this tree, while the other bird species feeds on insects at the
branch tips. One explanation of your observation could be that:
a. Coexistence is due to niche differentiation.
b. Coexistence is due to shared resource utilization.
c. Coexistence is not due to resource specialization.
d. None of the above.
ANSWER: A
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Synthesis
Reference: 6.1
28.If a species is a weak competitor relative to another species that is a
superior competitor, the weak competitor may be able to persist if:
a. It is a good colonizer and the environment homogenous.
b. It is a good colonizer and the environment is heterogeneous.
c. Only the environment needs to be heterogeneous.
d. The species needs only to be a good colonizer.
ANSWER: B
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Analysis
Reference: 6.4
31.You observe ten species of trees in a rainforest. You learn that species with
similar light requirements tend to differ in terms of preferred soil textures
and vice versa. You should recognize this pattern as
a. Niche complementarity.
b. Intraspecific competition.
c. Interspecific competition.
d. Niche differentiation.
ANSWER: A
Difficulty: Hard
Bloom Code: Synthesis
Reference: 6.4
32.A DNA analysis of ectomycorrhizal species inhabiting the floor of a pine
forest shows that species are restricted to distinct layers of the leaf litter.
Based on the example in the textbook, this is most likely due to
a. Coexistence of the ectomycorrhizal species.
b. Interspecific competition.
c. Differential resource utilization.
d. Niche differentiation.
ANSWER: C
Difficulty: Hard
Bloom Code: Synthesis
Reference: 6.4
Multiple Select
35. When considering what the Competitive Exclusion Principle states, what
should one remember?
a. All species have their own niche.
b. Niche differentiation does not indicate that there are coexisting
competitors.
c. The species may not be competing at all and may never have done so
in their evolutionary past.
d. There must be some data to support the idea of interspecific
competition.
ANSWER: A, B, C, D
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Analysis
Reference: 6.1
37.Fires in the Mojave Dessert are occurring more frequently because of the
introduction of nonnative grasses that have become invasive. How are
these grasses able to persist?
a. The grasses are able to outcompete native plants for space.
b. The grasses are able to grow back faster than native plants.
c. The grasses do not persist, and instead die after a fire.
d. The grasses have evolved fire resistance and they don’t burn.
ANSWER: A, B
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Comprehension
Reference: 6.3 ECOcerns
40.Four species of ants that coexist in Kenya all occupy Acacia trees. Species
battle for the occupation of trees and must colonize or recolonize sites as
they become available. How is it possible that these four species overlap?
a. There is environmental heterogeneity.
b. They do not overlap. Each has its own niche.
c. Most effective colonizers are poor competitors.
d. Most effective competitors are poor colonizers.
ANSWER: A, C, D
Difficulty: Hard
Bloom Code: Synthesis
Reference: 6.4
44. Some ant species from Africa were best at competing for space, but were
worst at colonizing. This is an example of ________
a. Coexistence.
b. Interspecific competition.
c. Niche differentiation.
d. A trade-off.
ANSWER: D
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Analysis
Reference: 6.1
46.A group of species that exploit the same class of environmental resources
in the same way is called a _____.
a. Tribe.
b. Niche.
c. Guild.
d. Interspecific.
ANSWER: C
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom Code: Knowledge
Reference: 6.2
49.Under variable conditions, competition may only rarely “run its course,”
and the outcome cannot be predicted simply by _________.
a. Application of environmental heterogeneity.
b. saying it’s due to the Competitive Exclusion Principle.
c. Interspecific competition.
d. None of the above.
ANSWER: B
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Comprehension
Reference: 6.2
50.At a spatial scale of approximately 10mm in radius, the grass species Aira
praecox was found to be _______ with another grass, Erodium cicutarium.
As a result A. praecox tended to occur in small single-species clumps
making it less likely to experience competition from E. cicutarium.
a. Positively associated.
b. Negatively associated.
c. Neutrally associated.
d. Slightly associated.
ANSWER: B
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom Code: Application
Reference: 6.4
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Rhymes from
the Russian
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Language: English
RUSSIAN POETS
PUSHKIN, LERMONTOF, NADSON,
NEKRASOF, COUNT A. TOLSTOI, TYOUTCHEF,
MAIKOF, LEBEDEF, FET, K. R., Etc.
BY
JOHN POLLEN, LL.D., T.C.D.
INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE
LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., Ltᴰ.
1891
(The rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved.)
TO
The chief merit the Translator claims for this little effort is
“faithfulness of translation.” He has endeavoured to translate every
word and every thought of the Russian writer, and to avoid additions.
Most of the poems selected for translation are popular, not only
amongst the higher classes of Russian society, but also with the
Russian soldiery and peasantry, who are very fond of poetry, and
amongst whom education has spread, and continues to spread, with
marvellous rapidity.
The Translator trusts that this little volume may not only prove
interesting to ordinary English readers wishing to get a general idea
of Russian poetry, but may also be found of some service to
Englishmen studying Russian, and Russians studying English.
J. POLLEN.
Sebastopol,
March 21, 1891.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
FROM VLADIMIR VLADISLAVLEF.
Rhymes and Reason 1
FROM LERMONTOF.
The Angel 3
The Voyage 5
Prayer 6
Thanksgiving 7
On Death of Pushkin 8
Dream 9
Clouds 11
Prayer 12
How weary! How dreary! 14
Alone I pass along the lonely Road 15
Men and Waves 17
Ballad: The Queen of the Sea 18
The Prophet 21
When—Then 23
My Native Land 24
To —— 26
The Dagger 27
No! not for thee 29
Dispute 30
“Why” 35
Moscow 36
FROM PUSHKIN.
I wander down the noisy Streets 37
Anacreontic 39
To his Wife 40
Let me not lose my Senses, God 41
I’ve overlived Aspirings 43
Peter the Great 44
The Prophet 45
Play, my Kathleen 47
A Monument 48
The Poet 49
FROM NADSON.
Pity the stately Cypress Trees 51
FROM NEKRASOF.
Te Deum 52
The Prophet 54
Offer my Muse a Friendly Hand 55
Dream 56
A Sick Man’s Jealousy 57
The Landlord of Old Times 59
The Russian Soldier 61
FROM MAIKOF.
A Midsummer Night’s Dream 62
Who was He? 64
The Easter Kiss 66
On Lomonossof 67
Propriety 68
The Singer 69
A Little Picture 70
The Alpine Glacier 73
The Mother 74
The Kiss refused 77
The Snowdrop 78
A Smile and a Tear 79
FROM COUNT TOLSTOI.
Believe it not 80
The Scolding 81
FROM VLADIMIR VLADISLAVLEF.
Reflection 82
The Would-be Nun 83
The Schoolboy’s Devil 84
POPULAR SONG.
The Gipsy Maid 87
FROM TYOUCHEF.
Scarce cooled from Midday Heat 89
The Spring Storm 90
FROM PRINCE VYAZEMSKI.
The Troika 91
FROM LEBEDEF.
Theodora 93
FROM H.
The Lie’s Excuse 95
FROM DERJAVIN.
The Stream of Time 96
NATIONAL SONGS.
Marriage 97
The Grain 98
Wedding Gear 99
FROM DOROSHKEVISH.
Sebastopol 101
FROM POLONSKI.
On Skobelef 102
FROM KRYLOF.
Fable—The Swan, the Pike, the Crab 103
CHILD’S SONG.
Little Birdie 105
FROM LAL.
Advice 107
THE TITULAR COUNCILLOR.
The Titulyárnyi Sovétnik 109
FROM K. P.
No! I can ne’er believe 110
To the Poet Maikof 112
FROM SHENSHIN (FET.).
A Russian Scene 113
Tryst 114
FROM PLESHEEF.
Spring 115
Passion 116
FROM E. KYLAEF.
Billows 117
FROM COUNT T.
No Half-measures 118
FROM THE RUSSIAN OF
VLADIMIR VLADISLAVLEF.