Algebra and Trigonometry 5th Edition

Blitzer Test Bank

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Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Complete the identity.

1
1) sec x - =?
sec x
A) sin x tan x B) sec x csc x C) -2 tan2 x D) 1 + cot x
Answer: A

2) csc x(sin x + cos x) = ?

A) sin x tan x B) -2 tan2 x C) sec x csc x D) 1 + cot x
Answer: D

sin x cos x
3) + =?
cos x sin x
A) -2 tan2 x B) sin x tan x C) sec x csc x D) 1 + cot x
Answer: C

(sin x + cos x)2

4) =?
1 + 2 sin x cos x
A) 0 B) - sec2 x C) 1 - sin x D) 1
Answer: D

5) 2 tan x - (1 + tan x)2 = ?

A) 1 B) 0 C) - sec2 x D) 1 - sin x
Answer: C

6) tan x(cot x - cos x) = ?

A) 1 B) 0 C) 1 - sin x D) - sec2 x
Answer: C

7) sin2 x + sin2 x cot2 x = ?

A) cot2 x + 1 B) cot2 x - 1 C) 1 D) sin2 x + 1
Answer: C

8) sin2 x + tan2 x + cos2 x = ?

A) cot3 x B) sin x C) tan2 x D) sec2 x
Answer: D

csc x cot x
9) =?
sec x
A) sec2 x B) 1 C) csc2 x D) cot2 x
Answer: D

1
10) sec4 x + sec2 x tan2 x - 2 tan4 x = ?
A) 4 sec4 x B) sec4 x + 2 C) 3 sec4 x - 2 D) tan2 x - 1
Answer: C

11) tan x · cot x = ?

A) 1 B) sin x C) 0 D) -1
Answer: A

(tan x + 1)(tan x + 1) - sec2 x

12) =?
tan x
A) 1 B) 0 C) 2 D) tan x
Answer: C

cos x - sin x sin x - cos x

13) + =?
cos x sin x
A) 1 - sec x csc x B) 2 + sec x csc x C) 2 - sec x csc x D) sec x csc x
Answer: C

cos2 x - sin2 x
14) =?
1 - tan2 x
A) -1 B) cos2 x C) 1 D) sin2 x
Answer: B

sin x + cos x cos x - sin x

15) - =?
sin x cos x
A) 2 - sec x csc x B) 1 - sec x csc x C) 2 + sec x csc x D) sec x csc x
Answer: D

16) sin4 x - cos4 x = ?

A) 1 - 2sin2 x B) 1 + 2cos2 x C) 1 + 2sin2 x D) 1 - 2cos2 x
Answer: D

(csc x + 1)(csc x - 1)
17) =?
cot2 x
A) 2 B) 1 C) 0 D) -1
Answer: B

18) cot2 2x + cos2 2x + sin2 2x = ?

A) 2 B) csc2 2x C) cos2 2x D) sin2 2x
Answer: B

sin2 x
19) 1 - =?
1 + cos x
A) cot x B) 0 C) cos x D) tan x
Answer: C

2
 1 - sin x
20) =?
cos x
A) -sec x - tan x B) sec x - tan x C) sec x - tan x + 1 D) sec x + tan x
Answer: B

21) csc2 x sec x = ?

A) sec x - csc x cot x B) csc x cot x - sec x C) sec x + csc x D) sec x + csc x cot x
Answer: D

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Verify the identity.

22) cot · sec = csc
cos 1 1
Answer: cot · sec = · = = csc
sin cos sin

23) tan · csc = sec

sin 1 1
Answer: tan · csc = · = = sec
cos sin cos

24) csc2 u - cos u sec u= cot2 u

1
Answer: csc2 u - cos u sec u = csc2 u - cos u · = csc2 u - 1 = cot2 u
cos u

25) (1 + tan2 u)(1 - sin2 u) = 1

1
Answer: (1 + tan2 u)(1 - sin2 u) = sec2 u · cos2 u = · cos2 u = 1
cos2 u

26) csc u - sin u = cos u cot u

1 1 - sin2 u cos2 u cos u
Answer: csc u - sin u = - sin u = = = cos u · = cos u cot u
sin u sin u sin u sin u

27) 1 + sec2 x sin2 x = sec2 x

sin2 x
Answer: 1 + sec2 x sin2 x = 1 + = 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x.
cos2 x

28) cot 2 x + csc 2 x = 2 csc 2 x - 1

Answer: cot 2 x + csc 2 x = csc 2 x - 1 + csc 2 x = 2 csc 2 x - 1.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Show that the equation is not an identity by finding a value of x for which both sides are defined but not equal.
29) cos (x - ) = cos x
3
A) B) C) - D) 0
2 2 2
Answer: D

3
 30) sin (x + ) = sin x
A) 2 B) C) 0 D)
2
Answer: B

31) cos x - cos x sinx = cos3 x

A) B) C) D) 0
2 4
Answer: C

Use the graph to complete the identity.

(sec x + tan x) (sec x - tan x)
32) =?
sec x

A) csc x B) sec x C) cos x D) sin x

Answer: C

sec2 x csc x
33) =?
sec2 x + csc2 x

A) sec x B) sin x C) cos x D) csc x

Answer: B

4
 cos x tan x - 4tan x + 3cos x - 12
34) =?
tan x + 3

A) cos x + 4 B) sin x + 3cos x C) cos x - 4 D) sin x - 3

Answer: C

1 + cos x sin x
35) + =?
sin x 1 + cos x

A) 2cos x B) 2sin x C) 2csc x D) 2sec x

Answer: C

Rewrite the expression in terms of the given function or functions.

36) (sec x + csc x) (sin x + cos x) - 2 - cot x; tan x
A) tan x B) 2 + tan x C) 0 D) 2tan x
Answer: A

37) cos2 x + cos x - 1 + sin2 x; cos x

A) 2 + cos x B) cos x C) 2cos x D) -cos x
Answer: B

38) csc x + tan2 x csc x; cos x and sin x

1 1 sin x + cos x
A) B) cos x - sin x C) D)
sin x cos2 x sin x cos x sin x cos x

Answer: A

5
Find the exact value of the expression.
39) cos (265° - 25°)
3 3 53 1
A) B) - C) - D) -
2 2 12 2
Answer: D

40) cos -
12 4
3 1 1
A) B) 1 C) D)
2 2 4
Answer: A

Identify and in the following expression which is the right side of the formula for cos ( - ).
41) cos (155°) cos (35°) + sin (155°) sin (35°)
A) = 35°, = 155° B) = - 35°, = 155° C) = -155°, = 35° D) = 155°, = 35°
Answer: D

42) cos cos + sin sin

12 4 12 4

A) = , = B) = , =- C) = , = D) =- , =
4 12 12 4 12 4 4 12
Answer: C

Write the expression as the cosine of an angle, knowing that the expression is the right side of the formula for cos ( - )
with particular values for and .
43) cos (170°) cos (50°) + sin (170°) sin (50°)
A) cos (220°) B) cos (120°) C) cos (210°) D) cos (190°)
Answer: B

44) cos cos + sin sin

12 4 12 4
5 2
A) cos B) cos C) cos D) cos
3 6 3 6
Answer: D

Find the exact value of the expression.

45) cos (155°) cos (35°) + sin (155°) sin (35°)
3 1
A) - B) - C) -2 D) - 3
2 2
Answer: B

Complete the identity.

cos ( - )
46) =?
cos cos
A) tan tan + cot B) 1 + cot tan C) 1 + tan tan D) 1 + cot cot
Answer: C

6
 11
47) cos x - =?
6
3 3
A) - (cos x + sin x) B) (cos x - sin x)
2 2
1 3
C) ( 3 cos x - sin x) D) - (cos x - sin x)
2 2
Answer: C

48) cos ( - x) = ?
A) -sin x B) cos x C) sin x D) -cos x
Answer: B

Use the given information to find the exact value of the expression.
4 2
49) sin = , lies in quadrant II, and cos = , lies in quadrant I Find cos ( - ).
5 5
8 + 3 21 8 - 3 21 -6 + 4 21 6 - 4 21
A) B) C) D)
25 25 25 25
Answer: C

Find the exact value by using a sum or difference identity.

50) sin (215° - 95°)
43 3 1 3
A) - B) C) - D) -
12 2 2 2
Answer: B

51) sin 255°

2( 3 + 1) 2( 3 + 1) 2( 3 - 1) 2( 3 - 1)
A) - B) C) - D)
4 4 4 4
Answer: A

52) cos (45° + 60°)

2( 3 - 1) 2( 3 - 1) 2( 3 + 1) 2( 3 + 1)
A) B) - C) D) -
4 4 4 4
Answer: B

53) cos 285°

2( 3 - 1) 2( 3 - 1)
A) - 2( 3 - 1) B) C) - D) - 2( 3 + 1)
4 4
Answer: B

Find the exact value of the expression.

54) sin 15° cos 45° + cos 15° sin 45°
1 3 3 1
A) B) C) D)
2 2 3 4
Answer: B

7
 55) sin 245° cos 5° - cos 245° sin 5°
3 49 1 3
A) - B) - C) - D)
2 12 2 2
Answer: A

56) sin 220° cos 100° - cos 220° sin 100°

11 1 3 3
A) - B) - C) D) -
3 2 2 2
Answer: C

57) cos 10° cos 50° - sin 10° sin 50°

1 1 3
A) B) C) D) 3
2 4 2
Answer: A

58) cos sin - cos sin

18 9 9 18
1 3 1
A) B) C) D) 1
4 2 2
Answer: C

Complete the identity.

59) sin x + =?
2
A) -sin x B) -cos x C) sin x D) cos x
Answer: D

60) cos ( + ) + cos ( - ) = ?

A) 2cos cos B) cos cos C) sin cos D) 2sin cos
Answer: A

61) sin ( + ) sin ( - ) = ?

A) cos2 + cos2 B) cos2 - cos2 C) sin2 - sin2 D) sin2 - cos2
Answer: B

sin ( + )
62) =?
cos cos
A) cot + cot B) tan + tan C) tan + tan D) -tan + cot
Answer: B

sin ( + )
63) =?
sin ( - )
tan - tan tan + tan tan ( + ) tan - tan
A) B) C) D)
tan + tan tan - tan tan - tan tan ( + )
Answer: B

8
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Verify the identity.

64) cos x + = -sin x
2

Answer: cos x + = cos x cos - sin x sin = (cos x)(0) - (sin x)(1) = - sin x.
2 2 2

65) sin - = -cos

2

Answer: sin - = sin cos - cos sin = (-1) · cos - 0 · sin = - cos
2 2 2

66) cos - = -sin

2

Answer: cos - = cos cos + sin sin = 0 · cos - 1 · sin = - sin

2 2 2

cos( + )
67) = cot - tan
cos sin
cos( + ) cos cos - sin sin cos cos sin sin cos sin
Answer: = = - = - = cot - tan
cos sin cos sin cos sin cos sin sin cos

68) sin( + ) - sin( - ) = 2 cos sin

Answer: sin ( + ) - sin ( - ) = sin cos + cos sin - sin cos + cos sin = 2 cos sin .

69) cos( - ) - cos( + ) = 2 sin sin

Answer: cos ( - ) - cos ( + ) = cos cos + sin sin - ( cos cos - sin sin ) = 2 sin sin .

70) sin( - ) cos( + ) = sin cos - sin cos

Answer: sin( - ) cos ( + ) = (sin cos - cos sin )(cos cos - sin sin )
= sin cos cos2 - sin2 cos sin - cos2 sin cos + cos sin sin2
= sin cos (cos2 + sin2 ) - sin cos (sin2 + cos2 ) = sin cos - sin cos

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the given information to find the exact value of the expression.
7 8
71) sin = , lies in quadrant I, and cos = , lies in quadrant I Find cos ( + ).
25 17
297 87 416 304
A) B) C) D) -
425 425 425 425
Answer: B

20 5
72) sin = , lies in quadrant II, and cos = , lies in quadrant I Find sin ( - ).
29 13
352 135 345 152
A) B) - C) D) -
377 377 377 377
Answer: A

9
 15 21
73) tan = , lies in quadrant III, and cos =- , lies in quadrant II Find sin ( + ).
8 29
468 132 475 155
A) B) - C) D)
493 493 493 493
Answer: D

4 2
74) sin = , lies in quadrant II, and cos = , lies in quadrant I Find cos ( - ).
5 5
-6 + 4 21 8 - 3 21 8 + 3 21 6 - 4 21
A) B) C) D)
25 25 25 25
Answer: A

3 21
75) sin =- , lies in quadrant IV, and cos =- , lies in quadrant III Find sin ( - ).
5 5
8 + 3 21 -6 - 4 21 -8 + 3 21 -6 + 4 21
A) B) C) D)
25 25 25 25
Answer: A

3 21
76) cos =- , lies in quadrant III, and sin = , lies in quadrant II Find cos ( + ).
5 5
-6 - 4 21 8 - 3 21 -8 + 3 21 6 + 4 21
A) B) C) D)
25 25 25 25
Answer: D

Describe the graph using another equation.

77) y = sin ( - x)

A) cos x B) -sin x C) -cos x D) sin x

Answer: D

10
 78) y = cos x + - cos x -
2 2

A) -sin x B) -2cos x C) -cos x D) -2sin x

Answer: D

Find the exact value by using a difference identity.

79) tan 255°
A) 3 + 2 B) - 3 - 2 C) 3-2 D) - 3+2
Answer: A

80) tan 285°

2- 3 2+ 3
A) B) C) -2 - 3 D) 2 + 3
4 4
Answer: C

13
81) tan
12
A) 2 + 3 B) 2 - 3 C) -2 - 3 D) 3-2
Answer: B

Use trigonometric identities to find the exact value.

tan 25° + tan 5°
82)
1 - tan 25° tan 5°
1 3
A) B) C) 3 D) 2
2 3
Answer: B

tan 80° + tan 70°

83)
1 - tan 80° tan 70°
1 3
A) - 3 B) - C) -2 D) -
2 3
Answer: D

11
 tan 175° - tan 55°
84)
1 + tan 175° tan 55°
1 3
A) - B) -2 C) - 3 D) -
2 3
Answer: C

tan 65° - tan (-55°)

85)
1 + tan 65° tan (-55°)
1 3
A) - B) - 3 C) -2 D) -
2 3
Answer: B

Complete the identity.

86) tan ( - ) = ?
A) -cot B) tan C) -tan D) cot
Answer: C

87) tan ( - x) = ?
4
cos x - sin x cos x - sin x 1 + cos x - sin x cos x + sin x
A) - B) C) D)
cos x + sin x cos x + sin x cos x + sin x cos x - sin x
Answer: B

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Verify the identity.

tan x - 1
88) tan x - =
4 1 + tan x
tan x - tan /4 tan x - 1
Answer: tan x - = = .
4 1 + (tan x)(tan /4) 1 + tan x

89) tan + x = -cot x

2
sin (( /2) + x) sin ( /2) cos x + sin x cos ( /2) 1 · cos x + sin x · 0
Answer: tan +x = = = = -cot x.
2 cos (( /2) + x) cos ( /2) cos x - sin ( /2) sin x 0 · cos x - 1 · sin x

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Find the exact value under the given conditions.

5 8
90) sin = , 0 < < ; cos = , 0< < Find tan ( + ).
13 2 17 2
171 220 21 220
A) B) C) D)
221 221 221 21
Answer: D

12
 8 3 21
91) tan = , < < ; cos =- , < < Find tan ( + ).
15 2 29 2
132 31 132 475
A) - B) C) - D)
475 95 493 493
Answer: A

4 21 3
92) cos =- , < < ; sin =- , < < Find tan ( + ).
5 2 5 2
8 + 3 21 -6 + 4 21 -6 + 4 21 6 - 4 21
A) B) C) D)
-6 + 4 21 25 8 + 3 21 8 + 3 21
Answer: C

Rewrite the expression as a simplified expression containing one term.

5 5 5 5
93) cos + cos - - sin + sin -
3 3 3 3
1 1 3 1
A) - B) C) D)
2 4 4 2
Answer: A

-5 -5 -5 -5
94) sin - cos + + cos - sin +
6 6 6 6
1 3 1 3
A) B) - C) - D)
2 2 2 2
Answer: D

Use the graph to complete the identity.

95) cos 2x cos 4x + sin 2x sin 4x = ?

A) y = cos 2x B) y = sin 2x C) y = sin 6x D) y = cos 6x

Answer: A

13
96) sin 6x cos 3x - cos 6x sin 3x = ?

A) y = cos 9x B) y = sin 3x C) y = sin 9x D) y = cos 3x

Answer: B

3 3
97) cos 3x cos x + sin 3x sin x = ?
2 2

9 3 9 3
A) y = sin y = cos x B) y = sin y = cos x C) y = cos y = cos x D) y = cos x
2 2 2 2
Answer: D

3 3
98) sin 3x cos x - cos 3x sin x = ?
2 2

3 9 3 9
A) y = sin x B) y = cos x C) y = cos x D) y = sin x
2 2 2 2
Answer: A

14
Use the figure to find the exact value of the trigonometric function.
99) Find cos 2 .

5
4

3
24 6 7 7
A) B) - C) D) -
25 25 25 25
Answer: D

100) Find sin 2 .

5
3

4
24 7 7 8
A) B) C) - D)
25 25 25 25
Answer: A

101) Find tan 2 .

13
5

12
120 119 120 118
A) B) C) D)
169 169 119 119
Answer: C

Use the given information to find the exact value of the expression.
3
102) sin = , lies in quadrant I Find cos 2 .
5
1 24 7 7
A) B) C) D) -
5 25 25 25
Answer: C

21
103) cos = , lies in quadrant IV Find sin 2 .
29
41 840 41 840
A) B) - C) - D)
841 841 841 841
Answer: B

15
 20
104) tan = , lies in quadrant III Find sin 2 .
21
41 840 41 840
A) B) C) - D) -
841 841 841 841
Answer: B

7
105) sin = , lies in quadrant II Find tan 2 .
25
336 336 336 529
A) B) - C) D) -
625 527 527 527
Answer: B

Write the expression as the sine, cosine, or tangent of a double angle. Then find the exact value of the expression.
106) 2 sin 60° cos 60°
1 3 1 3
A) - B) C) D) -
2 2 2 2
Answer: B

107) cos2 15° - sin2 15°

1 1 3 3
A) - B) C) D) -
2 2 2 2
Answer: C

2 tan
6
108)
1 - tan2
6

3 3
A) 3 B) - C) - 3 D)
3 3
Answer: A

Complete the identity.

2 cot x
109) =?
1 + cot2 x
A) cos 2x B) tan 2x C) sin 2x D) cot 2x
Answer: C

110) (sin x - cos x)2 = ?

A) 1 + cos 2x B) 1 - cos 2x C) 1 - sin 2x D) sin 2x
Answer: C

1 + cos 2x
111) =?
sin 2x
A) tan x B) sin2 x C) cot x D) cos2 x
Answer: C

16
 112) sin 2x - cot x = ?
A) -tan x cos 2x B) -cot x cos 2x C) cot x cos 2x D) cot x cos x
Answer: B

113) 8 sin x cos3 x + 8 sin3 x cos x = ?

A) 4 cos x B) 4 cos 2x C) 4 sin 2x D) 4 sin x
Answer: C

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Verify the identity.

114) tan 2 x (1 + cos 2x) = 1 - cos 2x
1 - cos 2x
Answer: tan 2 x (1 + cos 2x) = (1 + cos 2x) = 1 - cos 2x
1 + cos 2x

115) sin4t = 2 sin2t cos2t

Answer: sin 4t = sin [2(2t)] = 2 sin2t cos2t.

116) cos 4 = 2 cos2 (2 ) - 1

Answer: cos 4 = cos[2(2 )] = 2 cos2 (2 ) - 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.

117) If a projectile is fired at an angle and initial velocity v, then the horizontal distance traveled by the projectile is
1 2
given by D = v sin cos . Express D as a function of 2 .
16
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
A) D = v sin 2 B) D = v sin 2 C) D = v sin 2 D) D = v cos 2
8 32 16 16
Answer: B

Rewrite the expression as an equivalent expression that does not contain powers of trigonometric functions greater than
1.
118) 8 cos2 x
A) 1 + cos 2x B) 16 cos x C) 4 - 4 cos 2x D) 4 + 4 cos 2x
Answer: D

119) sin4 x
3 3 3 1
A) - cos 2x B) - 2 cos 2x + cos 4x
2 2 2 2
3 5 3 1 1
C) + cos 2x D) - cos 2x + cos 4x
8 8 8 2 8
Answer: D

17
 120) cos4 x
2 - 4 cos 2x + cos 4x 3 - 4 cos 2x + cos 4x
A) B)
8 8
3 + 4 cos 2x + cos 4x 3 + 2 cos 2x + cos 4x
C) D)
8 8
Answer: C

121) sin3 x
3 3 1 1
A) sin x B) sin x + sin 2x - sin 3x
4 4 2 4
3 1 3 1
C) sin x + sin 2x D) sin x - sin 3x
4 4 4 4
Answer: D

122) cos3 x
3 1 3 1
A) cos x - cos 3x - cos 2x B) cos x + cos 3x + cos 2x
4 4 4 4
3 1 3 1
C) cos x - cos 3x D) cos x + cos 3x
4 4 4 4
Answer: D

123) 3 sin2 x cos2 x

3 3 3 3 3 3 3
A) - cos 2x B) - cos 4x C) - cos 4x D) sin 2x
8 8 4 4 8 8 4
Answer: C

Use a half-angle formula to find the exact value of the expression.

124) sin 105°
1 1 1 1
A) - 2+ 3 B) - 2- 3 C) 2+ 3 D) 2- 3
2 2 2 2
Answer: C

5
125) sin
12
1 1 1 1
A) 2- 3 B) - 2- 3 C) 2+ 3 D) - 2+ 3
2 2 2 2
Answer: C

5
126) cos
12
1 1 1 1
A) - 2+ 3 B) 2+ 3 C) 2- 3 D) - 2- 3
2 2 2 2
Answer: C

18
 3
127) cos
8
1 1 1 1
A) - 2- 2 B) 2- 2 C) - 2+ 2 D) 2+ 2
2 2 2 2
Answer: B

3
128) sin
8
1 1 1 1
A) 2- 2 B) - 2+ 2 C) - 2- 2 D) 2+ 2
2 2 2 2
Answer: D

129) tan 112.5°

A) 2 + 1 B) - 2 - 1 C) 2-1 D) - 2 + 1
Answer: B

Use the given information to find the exact value of the trigonometric function.
1
130) sin = , lies in quadrant I Find sin .
4 2
8 + 2 15 6 10 8 - 2 15
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4 4
Answer: D

1
131) sin = , tan >0 Find cos .
4 2
10 8 - 2 15 8 + 2 15 6
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4 4
Answer: C

1
132) cos = , csc >0 Find sin .
4 2
10 8 - 2 15 6 8 + 2 15
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4 4
Answer: C

133) sec = 4, lies in quadrant I Find cos .

2
8 - 2 15 8 + 2 15 10 6
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4 4
Answer: C

3
134) cos =- , lies in quadrant III Find cos .
5 2
30 5 5 30
A) - B) C) - D)
10 5 5 10
Answer: C

19
 3
135) cos =- , sin >0 Find cos .
5 2
30 30 5 5
A) - B) C) D) -
10 10 5 5
Answer: C

3
136) sin =- , lies in quadrant IV Find sin .
5 2
5 10 30 5
A) B) C) - D) -
5 10 10 5
Answer: B

5
137) sec =- , lies in quadrant II Find sin .
3 2
2 5 2 5 5
A) - B) C) D) -
5 5 5 5
Answer: C

15
138) sin =- , lies in quadrant IV Find cos .
17 2
4 5 34 3 34 5 34
A) B) - C) - D)
17 34 34 34
Answer: B

6
139) csc =- , tan >0 Find cos .
5 2
6 + 11 11 18 - 3 11 18 + 3 11
A) - B) C) - D)
12 12 6 6
Answer: C

4
140) cos = , lies in quadrant IV Find cos .
5 2
2 2 3 10 3 10
A) - B) C) D) -
5 5 10 10
Answer: D

Complete the identity.

141) sin2 =?
2
csc - cot -csc + cot -csc - cot csc + cot
A) B) C) D)
2 csc 2 csc 2 csc 2 csc
Answer: A

20
 142) cot =?
2
sin sin sin sin
A) B) C) D)
sin - cos 1 + cos 1 - cos sin + cos
Answer: C

143) tan + cot =?

2 2
A) -2 cot B) -2 csc C) 2 cot D) 2 csc
Answer: D

Solve the problem.

144) An airplane flying faster than the speed of sound creates sound waves that form a cone. If is the vertex angle
1
of the cone and m is the Mach number for the speed of the plane, then sin = (m > 1). Find the Mach
2 m
number to the nearest tenth if = 90°.
A) 2.4 B) 1.0 C) 1.7 D) 1.4
Answer: D

Use a graph in a [-2 , 2 , ] by [-3, 3, 1] viewing rectangle to complete the identity.

2
1 - 2 cos 2x
145) =?
2 sin x - 1
A) cos x - 1 B) sin x + 1 C) 2 sin x + 1 D) 2 cos x + 1
Answer: C

x
2 tan
2
146) =?
x
1 + tan2
2
A) 2 cos x - 1 B) cos x C) sin x + 1 D) sin x
Answer: D

Fill in the blank using the word product, sum, quotient, or difference.
1
147) The formula sin cos = [sin ( + ) + sin ( - )] can be used to change a of a sine and a cosine into
2
the of two sine expressions.
A) product, difference B) quotient, difference
C) product, sum D) quotient, sum
Answer: C

Express the product as a sum or difference.

148) sin 7x cos 4x
1
A) (cos 11x - cos 3x) B) sin (cos 28x2 )
2
1 1
C) (sin 11x + cos 3x) D) (sin 11x + sin 3x)
2 2
Answer: D

21
149) sin 6x sin 3x
1 1 1
A) (sin 9x + cos 3x) B) sin2 18x2 C) (cos 3x - cos 9x) D) (cos 9x - cos 3x)
2 2 2
Answer: C

150) cos 6x cos 5x

1 1 1
A) (cos 11x - cos x) B) (cos x + cos 11x) C) cos2 30x2 D) (cos 11x - sin x)
2 2 2
Answer: B

151) sin 5x sin 9x

1
A) (cos 4x - cos 14x) B) sin2 45x2
2
1 1
C) (- cos 4x - cos 14x) D) (cos 14x - sin 4x)
2 2
Answer: A

152) sin 3x cos 4x

1 1 1
A) (cos 7x + sin x) B) (sin 7x - sin x) C) sin (cos 12x2 ) D) (cos 7x - cos x)
2 2 2
Answer: B

153) cos 3x cos 7x

1
A) cos2 13x2 B) (cos 4x + cos 10x)
2
1 1
C) (cos 10x - cos 4x) D) (cos 10x - sin 4x)
2 2
Answer: B

5x x
154) cos cos
2 2
1 1 1 1
A) (cos 3x - sin 2x) B) (cos 2x + cos 3x) C) (cos 6x - sin4x) D) cos2 5x
2 2 4 4
Answer: B

x 11x
155) sin cos
2 2
1 1
A) (sin6x - sin 5x) B) (cos 12x - sin 10x)
2 4
1 1
C) (cos 6x + sin 5x) D) sin (cos 11x)
2 4
Answer: A

22
Complete the identity.
156) sin 3x sin 5x cos 3x cos 5x = ?
cos2 2x - cos2 8x sin2 30x cos2 8x + cos2 2x
A) cos2 30x B) C) D)
4 4 4
Answer: B

157) sin x (sin 5x + sin 7x) = ?

A) cos x (cos 5x + cos 7x) B) cos x (cos 5x - cos 7x)

1 1
C) cos x (cos 5x - cos 7x) D) cos x (cos 5x + cos 7x)
2 2
Answer: B

Fill in the blank using the word product, sum, quotient, or difference.
+ -
158) The formula cos - cos = -2 sin sin can be used to change a of two cosines into the
2 2
of two sine expressions.
A) sum, quotient B) difference, product
C) sum, product D) difference, quotient
Answer: B

Express the sum or difference as a product.

159) sin 6x + sin 2x
A) 2 cos 4x sin 2x B) 2 sin 8x C) 2 sin 4x cos 2x D) 2 sin 4x sin 2x
Answer: C

160) cos 10x - cos 4x

A) 2 cos 7x cos 3x B) -2 sin 7x sin 3x C) -2 cos 7x sin 3x D) 2 cos 3x
Answer: B

161) cos 6x + cos 4x

A) 2 sin 5x sin x B) 2 cos 5x C) 2 cos 5x sin x D) 2 cos 5x cos x
Answer: D

162) cos 2x - cos 4x

A) -2 sin 3x sin x B) cos (-2x) C) 2 sin 3x sin x D) -2 cos 3x sin x
Answer: C

163) sin 6x - sin 2x

A) 2 sin 2x B) 2 cos 2x cos 4x C) 2 sin 4x cos 2x D) 2 sin 2x cos 4x
Answer: D

164) sin 4x - sin 6x

A) 2 sin 5x cos x B) -2 sin x C) 2 cos 4x cos 5x D) -2 sin x cos 5x
Answer: D

23
 5x 3x
165) cos + cos
2 2
x x
A) 2 cos 2x B) 2 sin 2x sin C) 2 cos 2x cos D) 2 sin 2x sin x
2 2
Answer: C

7x 3x
166) sin + sin
2 2
5x 5x
A) 2 sin cos x B) 2 sin 5x C) 2 cos 5x sin x D) 2 sin sin x
2 2
Answer: A

167) sin 75 + sin 15

3 6 6 6
A) B) C) - D)
2 2 2 4
Answer: B

Complete the identity.

sin 5x + sin 9x
168) =?
cos 5x + cos 9x
A) 2 tan 7x tan 2x B) tan 7x C) tan 7x cot 2x D) tan 5x + tan 9x
Answer: B

cos 2x - cos 8x
169) =?
cos 2x + cos 8x
A) tan 3x tan 5x B) 0 C) cot 5x D) -tan 5x
Answer: A

sin 5x + sin 7x
170) =?
cos 2x + cos 4x
5 7 sin 6x sin 12x cos 12x
A) tan x + tan x B) C) D)
2 4 cos 3x cos 6x sin 6x
Answer: B

sin x + sin y
171) =?
cos x + cos y
x-y x-y x+y
A) tan B) cot C) tan D) tan x + tan y
2 2 2
Answer: C

24
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Verify the identity.

cos x + cos y x-y
172) = cot
sin x - sin y 2
x+y x-y x-y
2 cos cos cos
cos x + cos y 2 2 2 x-y
Answer: = = = cot
sin x - sin y x-y x+y x-y 2
2 sin cos sin
2 2 2

sin - sin - +
173) = tan cot
sin + sin 2 2
- + - +
2 sin cos sin cos
sin - sin 2 2 2 2 - +
Answer: = = · = tan cot
sin + sin + - - + 2 2
2 sin cos cos sin
2 2 2 2

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.

174) The sound produced by touching each button on a touch-tone phone is described by
y = sin 2 lt + sin 2 ht
where l and h are the low and high frequencies (cycles per second) in the figure shown.

Describe the sound emitted by touching the 8 key as a product of sines and cosines.
A) y = 2 sin(2329 t) cos(625 t) B) y = 2 sin(625 t) cos(2329 t)
C) y = 2 sin(484 t) cos(2188 t) D) y = 2 sin(2188 t) cos(484 t)
Answer: D

Show that the equation is not an identity by finding a value of x for which both sides are defined but not equal.
175) sin 4x + sin 6x = sin 9x
A) 0 B) C) 2 D)
2
Answer: B

176) cos 3x + cos 8x = 2 cos 5x cos x

A) 0 B) C) 2 D) -2
4
Answer: B

Solve the problem.

25
177) The sound produced by touching each button on a touch-tone phone is described by
y = sin 2 lt + sin 2 ht
where l and h are the low and high frequencies (cycles per second) in the figure shown.

Use a calculator to find the graph of the sound emitted by touching the # key in a [0, 0.01, 0.001] by [-2, 2, 1]
viewing rectangle.
A) B)

C) D)

Answer: A

26
 178) Graph in a [- , , ] by [-3, 3, 1] viewing rectangle
2
sin x sin 2x sin 3x sin 4x sin 5x sin 6x sin 7x
y= 2 - + - + - +
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A) B)

C) D)

Answer: B

Use the graph to complete the identity.

cos 8x - cos 2x
179) =?
sin 8x + sin 2x

A) tan 5x B) cot 2x + cot 8x C) -tan 3x D) 2 tan 5x tan 3x

Answer: C

27
 sin 2x + sin 6x
180) =?
cos 6x - cos 2x

A) tan 2x + tan 6x B) -cot 2x C) cot 2x D) tan 4x

Answer: B

Use substitution to determine whether the given x-value is a solution of the equation.
3 4
181) sin x = - , x=
2 3
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A

3 7
182) tan x = , x=
3 6
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A

2 3 -2
183) sin x = - , x=
3 3
A) Yes B) No
Answer: B

3
184) cos 2x = - 2, x =
4
A) Yes B) No
Answer: B

-3
185) cos x + 1 = sin x, x =
4
A) Yes B) No
Answer: B

Find all solutions of the equation.

186) cos x = 0
A) 2n B) C) x = + 2n D) +n
2 2
Answer: D

28
 187) 2 cos x - 3=0
A) x = + n or x = +n B) x = + 2n or x = + 2n
6 6 6 6
11 11
C) x = + n or x = +n D) x = + 2n or x = + 2n
6 6 6 6
Answer: D

188) 8 cos x - 6 3 = 6 cos x- 5 3

11
A) x = + n or x = +n B) x = + 2n or x = + 2n
6 6 6 6
11
C) x = + n or x = +n D) x = + 2n or x = + 2n
6 6 6 6
Answer: D

189) tan x sec x = -2 tan x

A) x = + n or x = + n or x = n B) x = + 2n or x = + 2n or x = n
3 3 3 3

C) x = + 2n or x = + 2n or x = n D) x = + n or x = + n or x = n
3 3 3 3
Answer: B

Solve the equation on the interval [0, 2 ).

3
190) sin 4x =
2
5 2 7 7 13 5 19
A) , B) ,,, , ,
, ,
4 4 12 6 3 12 6 12 3 12

C) 0 D) 0, ,
4
Answer: B

2
191) cos 2x =
2
2 4 7 9 15 3 5 7
A) 0, , , B) , , , C) ,
, , D) no solution
3 3 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4
Answer: B

3
192) cos 2x =
2
11
A) , B)
6 6 2
3 11 13 23
C) D) , ,,
2 12 12 12 12
Answer: D

29
 193) cos2 x + 2 cos x + 1 = 0
7 3
A) , B) 2 C) D) ,
4 4 2 2
Answer: C

194) 2 sin2 x = sin x

5 5 2 3 2
A) , B) 0, , , C) , D) , , ,
6 6 6 6 3 3 2 2 3 3
Answer: B

195) cos x = sin x

5 3 5 3 7 7
A) , B) , C) , D) ,
4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
Answer: A

196) sec2 x - 2 = tan2 x

A) B) C) no solution D)
6 4 3
Answer: C

197) tan x + sec x = 1

5
A) B) C) 0 D) no solution
4 4
Answer: C

198) csc5 x - 4 csc x = 0

3 5 7 5 5 3 5 3 5
A) , , , B) , , , C) , , , D) , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 6 6 4 4 3 6
Answer: A

199) sin2 x - cos2 x = 0

3 5 7
A) , , , B) , C) D) ,
4 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 3
Answer: A

200) sin2 x + sin x = 0

4 5 2 5 3
A) 0, , , B) 0, , , C) 0, , , D) 0, ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 2
Answer: D

Solve the equation on the interval [0, 2 ).

201) -tan2 x sin x = -tan2 x
A) ,2 B) , C) 0, D) 0,
2 2
Answer: C

30
 202) (tan x - 1) (cos x + 1) = 0
A) 0, , B) , , C) , , D) 0, ,
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Answer: C

203) cos x + 2 cos x sin x = 0

11 11 11
A) , ,2 B) 0, , , C) , D) , , ,
6 6 2 6 2 6 6 2 6 2 6
Answer: D

Solve the equation on the interval [0, 2 ).

204) tan 2x - tan x = 0
A) 0, B) 0

5 2 7 7 13 5
C) , D) ,,, ,, ,
4 4 12 6 3 12 6 12 3
Answer: A

x x
205) sec = cos
2 2
5 2 7 7 13 5
A) , B) , , , , , ,
4 4 12 6 3 12 6 12 3
5
C) 0, , , D) 0
4 3
Answer: D

206) sin 3x = 0
9 3 5 7
A) , B) , , ,
8 8 4 4 4 4
2 4 5
C) 0, , , , , ,2 D) no solution
3 3 3 3
Answer: C

207) sin2 2x = 1
9 3 5 7 2 4
A) , B) , , , C) 0, , , D) no solution
8 8 4 4 4 4 3 3
Answer: B

208) cos 2x = 2 - cos 2x

3 5 7 2 4 7 9 15
A) , , , B) 0, , , C) , , , D) no solution
4 4 4 4 3 3 8 8 8 8
Answer: C

209) sin 2x + sin x = 0

3 5 7 9 2 4
A) , , , B) , C) 0, , , D) no solution
4 4 4 4 8 8 3 3
Answer: C

31
 210) 2 cos2 x + sin x - 2 = 0
5 5 3 2 2
A) 0, , , B) , C) , , , D) ,
6 6 6 6 2 2 3 3 3 3
Answer: A

5 5
211) sin x + + sin x - =1
4 4
5
A) , B) , C) , D) ,
4 6 4 4 2 4 6
Answer: B

212) cos x + - cos x - =1

4 4

A) , B) , C) , D) ,
4 4 4 6 6 3 2 6
Answer: A

213) cos x + + cos x - =1

3 3

A) , B) 0 C) , D) ,
2 6 6 4 2 4
Answer: B

7 7
214) sin x + - sin x - =1
6 6

A) , B) C) , D) ,
4 3 2 4 2 3
Answer: B

Use a calculator to solve the equation on the interval [0, 2 ). Round the answer to two decimal places.
215) sin x = 0.29
A) 0.29, 3.43 B) 0.29, 5.99 C) 0.29, 1.86 D) 0.29, 2.85
Answer: D

216) cos x = 0.81

A) 0.63, 2.51 B) 0.63, 5.65 C) 0.63, 2.20 D) 0.63, 3.77
Answer: B

217) tan x = 2.4

A) 1.18, 1.96 B) 1.18, 4.32 C) 1.18, 5.10 D) 1.18, 2.75
Answer: B

218) sin x = -0.25

A) 0.25, 6.03 B) 3.39, 6.03 C) 0.25, 1.82 D) 0.25, 3.39
Answer: B

32
 219) cos x = -0.72
A) 0.77, 2.37 B) 2.37, 5.52 C) 2.37, 3.91 D) 0.77, 3.91
Answer: C

Use a calculator to solve the equation on the interval [0, 2 ). Round to the nearest hundredth of a radian.
220) sin 3x = - sin x
A) 0, 3.14 B) 1.57, 4.71
C) 0, 0.79, 2.36, 3.14, 3.93, 5.50 D) 0, 1.57, 3.14, 4.71
Answer: D

221) sin 2x + sin x = 0

A) 1.05, 3.14, 5.24 B) 0, 2.09, 3.14, 4.19 C) 0, 1.05, 3.14, 5.24 D) 0, 2.09, 4.19
Answer: B

Solve the problem.

222) The output voltage for an AC generator is approximated by v = 156 cos (120 t - ). Find the smallest positive
3
value of t for which the output is 146 volts.
A) 0.0027 second B) 0.0084 second C) 0.0037 second D) 0.0074 second
Answer: C

t
223) A coil of wire rotating in a magnetic field induces a voltage given by e = 20 sin ( - ), where t is time in
4 2
seconds. Find the smallest positive time to produce a voltage of 10 3.
A) 3.33 seconds B) 3 seconds C) 3 seconds D) 3.33 seconds
Answer: D

224) A generator produces an alternating current according to the equation I = 56 sin 43 t, where t is time in seconds
and I is the current in amperes. What is the smallest time t such that I = 28?
1 1 1 1
A) second B) second C) second D) second
129 172 86 258
Answer: D

225) The weekly sales in thousands of items of a product has a seasonal sales record approximated by
t
n = 53.6 + 19.3 sin (t is time in weeks with t = 1 referring to the first week in the year). During which week(s)
24
will the sales equal 63,250 items?
A) week 21 and week 30 B) week 30 and week 47
C) week 4 and week 47 D) week 4, week 20, and week 52
Answer: D

1 2
226) The range r of a projectile is given by r = v sin 2 , where v is the initial velocity and is the angle of
32
elevation. If r is to be 10,000 ft and v = 3000 ft/sec, what must the angle of elevation be? Give your answer in
degrees to the nearest hundredth.
A) 1.02° B) 2.04° C) 88.98° D) 1.43°
Answer: A

33
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