Stable Isotopes

0
Andesitic
280 C
Water
260CC
240 300 C
-20 220 C
200 C
Water

180 C
160 C
140 C
-40 120 C
Delta Deuterium - per mil

100 C Steam

ng Li ne
-60 Mi xi

-80

-100 ne
Li
d
ren
T
-120
oric
e
et
M
-140

-160
-22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Delta Oxygen 18 - per mil

724726880.xlsx 02/03/2024
 3000
Steam

2500
Discharge Enthalpy - kj/kg

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Chloride - ppm
 3000
Steam
Quartz Geothermometer Enthalpy - kj/kg

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Chloride - ppm
 1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
10Mg/(10Mg+Ca)

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
10K/(10K+Na)
 log(K2/Mg)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1 -4

rCO
2 va p
or =
0.00
0 01
0 -3

0.00
1 01 -2
0.00001

Log(PCO2) bar
log(K2/Ca)

Imm
2 atu 0.00
1 -1
re W
0.0001 ate
rs

3 0.01 0

0.001

4 1
0.1
rC O2 liquid
= 0.01

5 2
 log (K2/Mg)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0

100
Qu
a rtz
Ch
al c
200 Al ed
ph on
a y
Cr
SiO2 mg/kg

is
to
b al
300 B ite
et
a
C
ris
A to
m b
or al
ph ite
400 ou
s
Si
lic
a

500

600
 10%
90%
20%
80%
30%
70%
40%
60%
50%
50%
60%
40%
70%
30%
340 Partial Equilibration 80%
20%
90%
Immature Waters
10%

1000
Mg^0.5
90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
 10%
90%
20%
80%
30%
70%
40%
60%
50%
50%
60%
40%
70%
30%
80%
20%
90%

10%

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

 10%
90%
20%
80%
30%
70%
40%
60%
50%
50%
60%
40%
70%
30%
80%
20%
90%

10%

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

 Li - Rb - Cs Ternary

10%
90%
20%
80%
30%
70%
40%
60%
50%
50%
60%
40%
70%
30%
80%
20%
90%

10%

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

724726880.xlsx 02/03/2024
 10%
90%
20%
80%
30%
70%
40%
60%
50%
50%
60%
40%
70%
30%
80%
20%
90%

10%

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

 Li - Rb - Cs Ternary

10%
90%
20%

Ma
80%

tu r
30%

e
Wa
70%

te r
40%

s
60%
50%
50%
60%
s

40%
ter

Pe
70%
Wa

r ip
he
30%
nic

ral
80%
lc a

Wa
Vo

20%

ter
90%

s
10%

Steam Heated Waters

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

724726880.xlsx 02/03/2024
 O4
Ca
0

+S

+M
0

Cl

g
0

80
80%
0

%
0
0

60
60%

%
0
0
0

40
40%

%
0
0

20
20% 0

%
0
0
0
0
Mg SO4 0
0
0.114
%

20
80% -
20

%
80% 1.000
#DIV/

40
%

0!
40

%
60% 60%
%

60
60

%
40% 40%
%

80
80

20% 20%
O3
Na

HC
+K

Ca Na+K HCO3 20% 40% 60% Cl

60

40

20

80%
80

%
%
 Prospect Map

659000
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
---
654000

649000
UTM North

644000

639000

634000
350000 355000 360000 365000 370000
UTM East
Geothermometers
Temperatures in degrees C

Amorphous Alpha Beta Chalcedony Quartz

Silica Cristobalite Cristobalite conductive conductive
Sample Name
2 -104 -55 -92 -43 -26
3 -98 -48 -86 -36 -15
4 -98 -48 -86 -36 -15
5 -98 -48 -86 -36 -15
6 -97 -46 -84 -34 -12
7 -92 -41 -79 -28 -5
8 -92 -40 -79 -27 -3
9 -91 -39 -78 -27 -2
10 -89 -36 -76 -23 2
11 -86 -33 -72 -19 7
12 -81 -28 -68 -14 14
13 -76 -21 -62 -7 22
14 -73 -17 -59 -3 27
15 -71 -15 -56 0 30
16 -70 -14 -56 0 31
17 -70 -14 -56 0 31
18 -70 -14 -56 0 31
19 -70 -13 -55 1 32
21 -68 -11 -53 4 35
22 -67 -10 -52 5 36
23 -67 -10 -52 5 36
24 -65 -8 -50 7 38
25 -62 -5 -47 11 42
26 -61 -4 -46 12 43
29 -60 -3 -45 13 45
30 -60 -2 -45 13 45
31 -60 -2 -45 14 46
32 -60 -2 -44 14 46
33 -59 -1 -44 15 46
0 -59 -1 -44 15 46
 Na/K Na/K
Quartz Na-K-Ca Mg Na/K Fournier Na/K Tonani
Na-K-Ca Truesdell Giggenbach
adiabatic corr 1979 1980
1976 1988
1 21 21 158 116 177 144
8 #VALUE! #VALUE! 125 79 145 102
8 29 29 148 105 167 131
8 21 21 229 203 243 240
10 14 14 101 52 121 73
15 27 27 129 83 149 106
16 16 16 146 103 166 129
17 37 37 151 108 170 135
20 16 16 152 110 171 136
24 21 21 124 77 144 100
29 24 24 121 75 142 98
35 15 15 95 46 116 66
39 26 26 152 110 171 136
41 24 24 140 95 159 120
42 28 28 156 114 175 140
42 35 35 102 54 123 74
42 25 25 129 83 149 107
43 13 13 73 23 94 41
45 13 13 76 26 97 44
46 40 40 110 62 130 83
46 25 25 154 112 173 138
48 29 29 119 72 139 95
51 32 32 146 103 165 128
52 18 18 113 65 133 87
53 30 30 124 77 144 101
53 23 23 95 46 115 66
54 26 26 121 75 142 98
54 30 30 123 76 143 99
54 32 32 141 97 161 122
54 43 43 189 153 206 184
 Na/K
Na/K Nieva K/Mg
Arnorsson
& Nieva 1987 Giggenbach 1986
1983
146 127 32
114 91 22
136 116 40
216 209 38
90 64 21
117 94 33
135 114 31
139 119 38
140 120 31
113 89 30
110 87 31
84 58 27
141 120 41
128 106 39
144 124 42
91 66 40
117 94 38
63 35 25
66 38 22
99 74 39
142 122 41
108 84 39
134 113 38
102 77 20
113 89 39
84 58 29
110 86 32
112 88 38
130 108 38
176 162 40
Liquid chemistry plotting spreadsheet version 3

Powell Geoscience Ltd. 3 September 2012

Copy water chemistry data into data field below. Use negative numbers
plotted at detection. Cut & paste or move data but do not

Sample UTM east UTM north

Sample Name Lab Number Date Label Elevation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
26
29
30
31
32
33
 CFB Ternary
factor
Cl 1
ld below. Use negative numbers to indicate detection limit. Data will be Ternary plot
& paste or move data but do not delete lines or columns. multiplier factors: F 25
B 25

Steam
Temp C Fraction pH Li Na K Ca Mg SiO2
39.3 1.8 55.2 10 1.6
v 36.6 0.98 43.8 9.1 2.2
48.5 1.9 40.5 5 2.2
15.7 1.8 35.8 5.7 2.2
77 1.3 78.5 19.6 2.4
63.3 1.8 48 9.1 3
39.3 1.5 59.8 7.9 3.1
94.6 3.9 102 26.3 3.2
38.2 1.6 67.6 9 3.6
61.3 1.6 58.6 9.8 4.2
75.8 1.9 69.1 13.3 5.1
107 1.6 117 13.5 6.5
71.6 3 120 11.5 7.4
84.6 2.9 143 12.8 8.1
74.7 3.3 121 11.7 8.2
150 2.6 80.3 9.4 8.2
87.8 2.5 108 10.7 8.2
173 1.6 167 16.8 8.5
142 1.4 128 19.7 9.2
199 4 134 23.9 9.5
76.7 3.3 153 13.6 9.5
121 2.9 119 13.1 10.2
76.3 2.9 79.6 14.1 11.4
61 1.3 53.5 21 11.7
111 2.9 112 12.8 12.1
141 2.1 121 20.5 12.2
80 2 68.9 13.1 12.4
117 3 118 15.2 12.5
82.4 2.9 83 14 12.7
65.3 4.6 79.2 28.5 12.7
CLB Ternary LRC Ternary CSH Ternary NKM Ternary XYZ Ternary
factor factor factor factor column
Cl 1 Li 1 Cl 1 Na 1 K
Li 100 Rb 4 SO4 1 K 10 Y
B 25 Cs 10 HCO3 1 Mg^.5 1000 Z
mg/kg

B Cl F SO4 HCO3 CO3 NH4 As Rb

55.41899 36.06145 8.519553
80.45383 16.10329 3.442879
74.37859 21.19981 4.421606
78.4167 17.84167 3.741631
79.85401 14.79319 5.352798
81.34571 10.06961 8.584687
39.86711 47.50831 12.62458
71.38817 21.54136 7.070469
70.7199 18.3908 10.88929
78.85451 15.98806 5.157438
62.48579 29.17772 8.336491
50.3414 45.31347 4.345127
53.72057 39.37206 6.907378
65.03043 29.29006 5.679513
50.09972 33.94495 15.95533
50.30432 43.00061 6.69507
48.58251 42.46494 8.952551
64.46602 30.09709 5.436893
XYZ Ternary Isotopes Piper Plot
element factor Separation of plot fields
Li 1 Position of fractionation cluster -10 -20
Rb 4 Position of meteoric trend line label -16
Cs 10

Cond sum
Cs Sr Ba Fe Mn umhos/cm del 18O del D cations
5.33
#VALUE!
4.59
2.98
8.91
5.94
5.38
11.47
5.82
6.44
7.89
11.64
10.13
11.94
10.33
11.37
10.15
17.28
14.22
17.41
-4.5 -40 12.17
-7.0 -45 12.35
-5.7 -43 8.53
-6.7 -45 7.08
-0.6 -30 11.54
-6.5 -40 13.91
-2.0 -25 8.05
-4.8 -28 12.30
-8.5 -78 8.95
-11.5 -85 9.25
Piper Plot CFB Ternary
Separation of plot fields
0.2 Cl

Elements
factors:
sum Charge
anions Balance
2.45 37%
2.66 #VALUE!
2.61 27%
2.64 6%
2.65 54%
2.65 38%
2.32 40%
2.58 63%
2.56 39%
2.64 42%
2.51 52%
2.43 65%
2.45 61%
2.54 65%
2.38 63%
2.42 65%
2.40 62%
2.53 74%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
0.00 100%
Liquid_Analysis_v3_Powell&Cumming_2010_StanfordGW Geochemical Plotting

The charts and geothermometry report in this spreadsheet are described in an accompanying article by
Cumming delivered at the 35th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, S
February 1-3, 2010. References for the calculations and charts can be found in that document

This spreadsheet accepts water chemistry and stable isotope data and plots them in standard ternary a
geothermometer grids. Data are pasted into the 'Input' sheet and appear on all the graphics applicable
Data may also be cut, pasted and moved within the data entry field without changing cell addresses in

Graphics can be edited directly as EXCEL97 graphics and certain grid dimentions (e.g. multipliers on te
and evaporation cluster location on the stable isotope grid) can be changed on the 'input' sheet. Fields
parameters are located above the data entry field.
Data entry field:
Rows 7 through 36 accept data for the plots (30 data points). The first 3 columns (Sample Name
1)
Date) are not referenced by the plots and are there for user reference.

Sample Label' in column D is a text field that will determine the label for points on the plots. The
2)
Y chart labeler 97' can also be used to label the charts
Columns E, F, G & H are for UTM location, elevation and sample temperature. These will be u
locations on the "Map" sheet. Scales on the "Map" chart will need to be adjusted to accomodate t
3)
square-dimentioned empty text box is included in the upper left corner to assist in rectifying the N-
scales of the map

Enter or copy in laboratory analysis data (as mg/kg) in columns I through AD. Parts per million (pp
mg/kg. Data in moles/liter can be converted to mg/kg by multipying by the appropriate molecular w
analyte. Henley, Truesdell & Barton (1984) suggest that mg/litre can be converted directly to mg/k
error below about 35,000 mg/kg total dissolved solids, which can be approximated by the sum of a
4)
concentrations a correction for the density of the sample is needed. Data are sometimes listed in w
which can be directly converted to mg/kg (1wt%=10,000 mg/kg). For a more complete discussion
analyses and their conversion to mg/kg, see Hem (1970). Negative values are interpreted a "belo
are plotted at the detection limit.

Enter stable isotope data as "del" expressed in per mil (parts per thousand) in columns AE and AF
computed relative to the SMOW standard, such that del = (R - R SMOW) / RSMOW, where R is the isoto
5)
sample (18O/16O or D/H) and RSMOW is the isotope ratio of the standard. For most geothermal fluids
del D will be negative.

Columns BJ through BL present the sums of cations and anions charge (in meq/mg) and the char
percentage of the total ionic charge of the solution [cations-anions]/[cations+anions]. Charge in m
kg (meq/kg) is calculated using the conversion factors in Row 5 of hidden columns AG to BI. The c
6)
for iron assumes Fe+2. The sum of cations includes pH only if a pH value is entered. Charge balan
5% are highlighted in red font. An excess of anions or cations greater than this indicates an erron
one of the major ionic species or a missing major ionic species
 Points plotted on the grids are accompanied by labels input in column D. Empty data rows (rows
chemical or isotope data) are plotted outside of the chart area (99, -99, 999, etc) and their data lab
Labels for incomplete data will sometimes be plotted to the left outside the chart area. These can
7)
presentation by adjusting the plot ranges of the charts. This may, however, permanently remove t
data range beyond the plot range. It is recommended that graphs to be altered for presentation sh
a separate sheet (Menu:"Edit"/"Move or Copy Sheet"/"Create a Copy" checkbox)
Ternary vertex multipliers (the amounts multiplying the elements in the ternary plots) can be chang
above the data input field. It should be noted that in most cases the values in the box are those u
8)
originator (i.e, W Giggenbach). The location of the evaporation trend cluster in the isotope chart (
meteoric trend line label can be changed in the box on the upper right.
The "Report" sheet gives the results of standard geothermometer calculations for the chemical an
9)
sample name, source and date.
Notes:
Columns AG to BI are hidden. These cells copy the cells in the input field based upon fixed cell a
1)
data can be cut/pasted and moved in the input data field without changing cell addresses in the ca
2) Columns BM to CT are hidden. These cells contain the geothermometer and ternary grid calculat
Two additional sheets used to generate the plots are hidden but available. Tgrid has the plot data
3)
grids. Ref has reference plot data for the ternaries and cross plots.

Input units are in mg/kg of the chemical species indicated. Data reported for a different variety of
4)
NH3 rather than NH4) needs to be adjusted by the ratio of molecular weights (i.e. mg/kg NH4 = m

Some labs report total inorganic carbon (H2CO3+HCO3 -+CO3=) instead of bicarbonate and carbo
generally reported in units of bicarbonate ("as bicarbonate") and, confusingly, is often called bicarb
5) inorganic carbon is entered into the bicarbonate field it will result in an excess of anions over catio
H2CO3 does not have a charge in solution. Data should be requested as concentrations of these
specie (i.e., carbonic acid or dissolved CO2, bicarbonate and carbonate)

Versions:
- Added User defined XYZ ternary chart, so that User can define elements for the ternary, as well
factors. Elements are chosen by inputing row letter in left column of box
2 - Change to magnesium ion correction at R<5 to correct for error in equasion. Error caused tempe
be 2 deg C too great
-Added row to top of input sheet to accommodate User Defined XYZ ternary
-Fixed cell address of Sample Name in Report page, due to added row at top of Input page

-Corrected R>5 equation for NaKCa Mg ion correction to equation in Fournier & Potter 1979 GCA
-Added column for steam fraction, so that well samples can be corrected for steam loss. This corr
geothermometer values, geothermometer plots and chloride enthalpy plot. If steam fraction is left
is assumed and no correction is applied. No correction is made to isotope data
-The steam fraction correction is made by multiplying the sample concentration by the liquid fractio
complement (1-X) of the steam fraction. Samples with an excess steam correction can be correct
3 complement of the liquid correction factor for the value of steam fraction
3
-Added enthalpy-chloride plot for discharge enthalpy, sheet "XClHdisch"
-Added solubilities for alpha & beta cristobalite and amorphous silica to Xkms plot
-Added Piper (Trilinear) Plot in sheet "Piper". Data are plotted as milliequivalents/litre, not ppm. L
cropped by decreasing box size. Separation of plot fields can be increased by changing spacing i
charge balance
-Added alpha & beta cristobalite and additional Na/K geothermometers to "Report" sheet.
Geochemical Plotting Spreadsheet

an accompanying article by T Powell & W

ering, Stanford University, Stanford, California,
d in that document

them in standard ternary and

all the graphics applicable to that data type.
changing cell addresses in the calculations.

ntions (e.g. multipliers on ternary diagrams

on the 'input' sheet. Fields for changing these

3 columns (Sample Name, Lab Number &

r points on the plots. The Excel 97 add-in 'X-

perature. These will be used to plot the

e adjusted to accomodate the locations. A
o assist in rectifying the N-S and E-W grid

gh AD. Parts per million (ppm) is equivalent to

the appropriate molecular weight of the
e converted directly to mg/kg without noticable
proximated by the sum of analytes. At higher
ta are sometimes listed in weight percent,
more complete discussion of units reported in
ues are interpreted a "below detection" and

and) in columns AE and AF. Del values are

RSMOW, where R is the isotope ratio of the
For most geothermal fluids both del 18O and

e (in meq/mg) and the charge balance as a

tions+anions]. Charge in milliequivalents per
en columns AG to BI. The conversion factor
ue is entered. Charge balances greater than +-
han this indicates an erroneous analysis of
D. Empty data rows (rows without input
999, etc) and their data labels are blank.
the chart area. These can be removed for
ever, permanently remove the labels from the
e altered for presentation should be moved to
checkbox)
ternary plots) can be changed in the boxes
ues in the box are those used by the plot
luster in the isotope chart ("Iso") and the

lations for the chemical analysis, along with

eld based upon fixed cell addresses, so that

ng cell addresses in the calculations.
er and ternary grid calculations
ble. Tgrid has the plot data for the ternary

ed for a different variety of that species (i.e.,

eights (i.e. mg/kg NH4 = mg/kg NH3*(18/17))

d of bicarbonate and carbonate. This is

singly, is often called bicarbonate. If total
excess of anions over cations because
as concentrations of these separate carbonate
e)

ents for the ternary, as well as multiplier

x
asion. Error caused temperature correction to

rnary
at top of Input page

ournier & Potter 1979 GCA paper

d for steam loss. This correction is applled to
lot. If steam fraction is left blank, a zero value
ope data
ntration by the liquid fraction, which is the
m correction can be corrected by entering the
n
"
Xkms plot
quivalents/litre, not ppm. Legend can be
ased by changing spacing in Input field above

to "Report" sheet.