Business Communication

Atif Wafik

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Delivering What is Language? Messages Principles of Verbal Communication

Your
Learning Objectives

Message Learning Objectives

1. Describe and define “language.”
Learning Objectives
1. Describe three different types of messages and
1. Identify and describe five key principles of verbal
communication.
2. Describe the role of language in perception and the their functions. 2. Explain how the rules of syntax, semantics, and
communication process.. 2. Describe five different parts of a message and context govern language.
their functions. 3. Describe how language serves to shape our
experience of reality. .

Language Can be an Obstacle to Emphasis Strategies Improving Verbal Communication

Communication

Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives

1. Demonstrate six ways in which language can be an obstacle or 1. Describe and define four strategies that can give emphasis to 1. List and explain the use of six strategies for improving verbal
barrier to communication. your message. communication.
2. Explain the differences between clichés, jargon, and slang. 2. Demonstrate the effective use of visuals in an oral or written 2. Demonstrate the appropriate use of definitions in an oral or
3. Explain the difference between sexist or racist language and presentation. written presentation.
legitimate references to gender or race in business 3. Demonstrate the effective use of signposts, internal summaries 3. Understand how to assess the audience, choose an appropriate
communication. and foreshadowing, and repetition in an oral or written tone, and check for understanding and results in an oral or
presentation. written presentation.

Presentation Copyright © H M ATIF WAFIK

Language is a structured system of communication used
by humans, including speech, gestures and writing.

Defining Language
Role of Language in perception &
Communication process
EWWORDS
Language is a system of words
Key Takeaway used as symbols to convey ideas, and it has rules of
syntax, semantics, and context. Words have meaning
only when interpreted by the receiver of the message.

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Messages
3 types of messages & Functions
Primary Messages

Primary Message Is Secondary Messages

Not the Whole Message

Auxiliary Messages

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Refer to the intentional content, both verbal and nonverbal. These are the words or
ways you choose to express yourself and communicate your message.

Primary Messages
Refer to the unintentional content, both verbal and nonverbal. Your audience will form
impressions of your unintentional messages, both negative and positive, over which
you have no control. Perceptions of physical attractiveness, age, gender, or ethnicity
or even simple mannerisms and patterns of speech may unintentionally influence the
message

Secondary Messages
Refer to the intentional and unintentional ways a primary message is communicated.
This 33may include vocal inflection, gestures and posture, or rate of speech that
influence the interpretation or perception of your message.

Auxiliary Messages
 The ATTENTION STATEMENT, as you may guess, is used to capture the

Messages attention of your audience.

Parts of messages & Functions

In your INTRODUCTION you will make a clear statement your topic; this
is also the time to establish a relationship with your audience.

After the introduction comes the BODY of your message. Here you will
present your message in detail

At the end of the message, your CONCLUSION should provide the

audience with a sense of closure by summarizing your main points and
relating them to the overall topic.

The RESIDUAL MESSAGE, a message or thought that stays with your

audience well after the communication is finished.

Presentation Copyright © H M ATIF WAFIK

EWWORDS
Messages are primary, secondary, and auxiliary.

Key Takeaway A message can be divided into a five-part structure

composed of an attention statement, introduction,
body, conclusion, and residual message.

Presentation Copyright © H M ATIF WAFIK

 Language Has Rules : Syntactic, Semantic, Contextual

Principles of
Verbal Communication
Our Reality Is Shaped by Our Language

Language Is Arbitrary and Symbolic: Denotative, Connotative

Language Is Abstract

Language Organizes and Classifies Reality

Presentation Copyright © H M ATIF WAFIK

Syntactic rules govern the order of words in a sentence

Syntactic
Semantic rules govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them
(Martinich, 1996).

Semantic
Contextual rules govern meaning and word choice according to context and
social custom.

Contextual
The denotative meaning is the common meaning, often found in the dictionary.

Denotative
 The connotative meaning is often not found in the dictionary but in the
community of users itself. It can involve an emotional association with a word,
positive or negative, and can be individual or collective, but is not universal.

Connotative
EWWORDS
Language is a system governed by rules of
syntax, semantics, and context; we use
paradigms to understand the world and frame
our communications.
Key Takeaway
Paradigm or a clear point of view involving
theories, laws, and/or generalizations that
provide a framework for understanding.

Presentation Copyright © H M ATIF WAFIK

 Avoid Clichés

Language Can be an
Obstacle to Avoid Jargons

Communication
Avoid Slang
To avoid obstacles to
communication – we need
to avoid clichés, jargon, Avoid Sexist & Racist Language
slang, sexist and racist
language, euphemisms, and
doublespeak.
Avoid Euphemisms

Avoid Doublespeak

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Emphasis Visual Communication

Strategies
4 strategies that emphasis your message
Signposts (or indicators)

Internal Summaries and Foreshadowing

Repetition

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 Which one is better?

Visual
Communication
 Signposts (or indicators), are key words that alert the audience to a
Signposts change in topic, a tangential explanation, an example, or a conclusion.
Or Indicators
 Internal Like signposts, internal summaries and foreshadowing help the audience to
keep track of where they are in the message. These strategies work by
Summaries & reviewing what has been covered and by highlighting what is coming next.
Foreshadowing
 Saying the same word over and over may not seem like an effective strategy,
but when used artfully, repetition can be an effective way to drive home your
Repetition meaning and help your audience retain it in their memory.
 Define Your Terms

Improving Verbal
Communication Choose Precise Words
6 strategies for the improvement

Consider Your Audience

Take Control of Your Tone

Check for Understanding

Be Results Oriented

Presentation Copyright © H M ATIF WAFIK

EWWORDS
To improve communication –

Key Takeaway define your terms, choose precise words, consider

your audience, control your tone, check for
understanding, and aim for results.

Presentation Copyright © H M ATIF WAFIK

You all are Awesome

See you next week.

Presentation Copyright © H M ATIF WAFIK