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Lecture 28-Adolescence Reproductive Health-Dr. Dr. Dicky Moch Rizal, M.kes., SP - and (2023)
Lecture 28-Adolescence Reproductive Health-Dr. Dr. Dicky Moch Rizal, M.kes., SP - and (2023)
HEALTH
Dicky Moch Rizal
Dept. of Physiology, Fac. Of Medicine, Universitas
Gadjah Mada
drdickyandrologi@ugm.ac.id
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Definition of adolescent
Process of puberty
LEGACY of LAW
JAMES MARCIA STATEMENT ( IDENTITY
STATUS THEORY)
Simplified scheme of the endocrine interactions that regulate pubertal development. GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; GH,
growth hormone; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor I; IGF-BP1, IGF binding protein 1; SHBG, sex hormone–binding globulin.(Nobels
F, Dewailly DD: Puberty and polycystic ovarian syndrome: The insulin/insulin-like growth factor I hypothesis. Fertil Steril 58:655,
1992.)
THE VENTRAL PREMAMMILLARY NUCLEUS (PMV) EXPRESSES A DENSE COLLECTION OF
LEPTIN LONG FORM (LEPRB) AND SEX STEROID RECEPTORS (ER/ESTROGEN RECEPTOR
AND AR/ANDROGEN RECEPTOR) AND IS RESPONSIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CUES (ODOR
AND PROBABLY DAYLIGHT IN SEASONAL BREEDERS).
ANTEROVENTRAL PERIVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (AVPV), SUPPOSEDLY THOSE
EXPRESSING KISS1).
OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCE ON PUBERTYWHAT IS IN
OUR ENVIRONMENT THAT EFFECTS
PUBERTY?HTTPS://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/PMC/ARTICLES/PMC4096833/
Body weight
Proposed physiologic mediators of the link between
obesity and pubertal timing include leptin,
adipocytokines and gut peptides
Prenatal growth
a lower birth weight alone does not increase a child’s
chance for earlier puberty but that being longer and
lighter at birth does, suggests that under nutrition
and possible rapid postnatal weight gain may
establish metabolic dysregulation
CONT
Diet
Women who reported daily milk intake from 5
to 12 years of age experienced menarche 0.317
years earlier than non-milk drinkers
higher animal protein intake was also
associated with earlier puberty in both boys
and girls
fiber intake had no effect
vitamin D deficiency in girls has been
implicated in shifting the age of menarche
downward by ~10 months compared with
controls
Maternal considerations
Two independent studies have found maternal
smoking to be associated with earlier puberty
Psychosocial features
Stressful life events impart many health concerns
and the evidence for promoting earlier puberty
appears to be increasing.
This emphasizes the need for improved psychological
treatment of children who are victims of abuse or
high stress environments
NATURALLY COMPOUND
Endocrine disrupture compund
endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) as “an
exogenous agent that interferes with synthesis,
secretion, transport, metabolism, binding action, or
elimination of natural blood-borne hormones that are
present in the body and are responsible for
homeostasis, reproduction, and developmental
processes”
EDC are naturally and synthetic. (natural source due
to phytoestrogen)---many studies
Direct effects of environmental exposures on
hypothalamic, pituitary or gonadal hormones
The DNA changes can be environmentally induced
and inherited by multiple generations independent of
subsequent individual exposures
CHEMICAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS
first and second generation offspring exhibited
marked alterations in pubertal timing depending
on the gender and the specific exposure involved.
interpersonal stress
substance use
early sexual behavior
taking risky sexual relation/behavior
abortion/unwanted preganancy
BIOSYNTHESIS OF ANDROGEN
What’s the differences?
http://5mcc.lww.impelsys.com/5mcc/ub/view/5-Minute-Clinical-
Consult/117436/0/Precocious_Puberty__algorithm_
HIRSUTISM…..
Adolescence is characterized by a number
of cognitive, emotional, physical and attit
udinal changes, which can be a cause of
conflict on one hand and
positive personality development on the
other.
A huge proportion of the world's
population - more than 1.75 billion - is
young, aged between 10 and 24 years.
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/adolescent_health/en/i
ndex.html
Adolescents who have a good relationship with
their parents are less likely to engage in various
risk behaviors, such as smoking, drinking,
fighting, and/or unprotected sexual intercourse
http://www.childtrends.org/Files/FamilyEnvironmentRB.pd
f
Adolescents are frequently confused about what
is 'right' and what is 'wrong
A combination of behavioural
and fMRI studies have demonstrated
development of executive functions, that
is, cognitive skills that enable the control
and coordination of thoughts and
behaviour, which are generally associated
with the prefrontal cortex. The thoughts,
ideas and concepts developed at this
period of life greatly influence one's future
life, playing a major role in character and
personality formation Choudhury, S.; Blakemore, S.-J.;
Charman, T. (2006). "Social cognitive development during
adolescence". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 1: 165.
In
females, oestrogenization related the
susceptibility of the vulva and anterior
vagina to most infections and alters
vaginal flora and pH
The problem :
•Infertility
•CVD
•Sexual dysfunction
•Metabolic syndrom
BAD BEHAVIOR RELATED
ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH
ALCOHOL-DRUG-STD