G R O U P 11

CHAPTER 9

Analytic Geometry
Topics
TAHUN AJARAN 2023/2024
 NEXT!!!!
E n j o y , h i h i h i ( ⁠✯ ⁠ᴗ ⁠✯ ⁠)
 Presented by:

Brilliana Muttaqina Imama

(230311610709)

Ifda Ihdiya Nadhiva

(230311601826)
Table Of Contents
• THE PARABOLA
Parabolas / Finding Standard Form by
Completing the Square / Applications

• THE CIRCLE AND THE ELLIPSE

Circles / Ellipses / Applications

• THE HYPERBOLA
Standard Equations of Hyperbolas /
Applications
 ...........

Try to look at
this picture
friends (⁠๑˙⁠❥
⁠ ˙⁠๑
⁠ )⁠
A. THE PARABOLA
Parabola
we saw that the graph of the quadratic function, ax²+bx+C=0,
is a parabola. A parabola can be defined geometrically.
A parabola is the set of all points in a plane equidistant from
a fixed line
(the directrix) and a fixed point not on the line (the focus).

The line that is perpendicular to the directrix and

contains the focus is
the axis of symmetry. The vertex is the midpoint of the
segment between
the focus and the directrix.
Equation of Parabola

Let be any point on the parabola and consider

PG perpendicular to the line y = -p . The
coordinates of G are (x, -p) . By the definition
of a parabola,

The distance from P to the focus is the same

PF = PG
as the distance from P to the directrix.

Then using the distance formula, we have

√[(x-0)²+(y-p)²] = √[(x-x)²+(y-(-p))²]
x²+y²-2py+p² = y²+2py+p²
x² = 4py
When p>0 and the axis of
symmetry is the x-axis, the
parabola opens right.
When p<0 and the axis of
symmetry is the x-axis, the
parabola opens left.
When p>0 and the axis of
symmetry is the y-axis, the
parabola opens up.
When p<0 and the axis of
symmetry is the y-axis, the
parabola opens down.
 Example:
Find the vertex, the focus, and the directrix of the parabola
y=-1/12x² Then graph the parabola.

Solution, We write y=-1/12x² in the

form x²=4py
-1/12x²=y
x²=-12y
x²=4(-3)y
Since the equation can be written in
the form x²=4py we know that the
vertex is (0,0).
We have p=-3, so the focus is (0,p) or
(0, -3). The diretrix is y=-p=-(-3)=3
 Example:
Find an equation of the parabola with vertex (0,0) and
focus (5,0) . Then graph the parabola.

Solution:
The focus is on the x-axis so the line of
symmetry is the x-axis. Thus the
equation is of the type
y²=4px
Since the focus (5,0) is 5 units to the
right of the vertex, p=5 and the
equation is
y²=4(5)x
y²=20x
Finding Standard Form by Completing the Square
We can complete the square on equations
of the form
y=ax²+bx+C or x=ay²+by+c
in order to write them in standard form.

W o w w w ! ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)
 Example:
For the parabola x²+6x+4y+5=0
find the vertex, the focus, and the directrix. Then draw the
graph.

Solution, We first complete the square:

x²+6x+4y+5=0
x²+6x = -4y-5
x²+6x+9 =-4y-5+9
(x+3)² =-4y+4
(x+3)² =-4(y-1)
(x-(-3))² =4(-1)(y-1) Writing standard form:
(x-h)²=4p(y-k)
we see that
h=-3, p=-1, and k= 1 so we have the
following
Vertex (h,k): (-3,1);
Fokus (h,k+p): (-3, 0)
Directrix y=k-p = 1-(-1) =2
 Example:
For the parabola y²-2y-8x-31=0
find the vertex, the focus, and the directrix. Then draw the
graph.

Solution, We first complete the square

y²-2y-8x-31=0
y²-2y = 8x+31
y²-2y+1 = 8x+31+1
(y-1)² = 8x+32
(y-1)² = 8(x+4)
(y-1)² =4(2)(x-(-4)) Writing standard form:
(y-k)²=4p(x-h)
we see that
h=-4, p=2, and k= 1 so we have the following
Vertex (h,k): (-4,1);
Fokus (h+p,k): (-2, 1)
Directrix x=h-p = -4-2 = -6
B. THE CIRCLE AND
THE ELLIPSE
THE CIRCLE
🌷Given an equation of a circle, complete the square,
if necessary, and then find the center and the radius
and graph the circle.

E N J O Y ! ! ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)
THE CIRCLE
We can define a circle geometrically.

E N J O Y ! ! ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

✨ A circle is the set of all points in a

plane that are at a fixed distance from
a fixed point (the center) in the plane.

✨The radius of a circle is the distance

of the circle from the center of the
circle which is always the same size
at any point on the circle.
NEXT...
B A S E G U Y S ! ! ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

From the picture below, point O is the

center of the circle. Points A, B, C, D lie
on the circle, then OA = OB = OC= OD
is the radius of the circle = r.
I N F O R M A T I O N G U Y S . . ! ! ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

The circle equation is

derived from the
Pythagorean theorem
 Equation of a
Circle Centered at
O(0, 0) and (a, b)
 A. EQUATION OF A CIRCLE WITH
CENTER AT O(0, 0)

If point A(Xa,Ya) lies on a circle centered at O, then OA = radius of the

circle. By using the formula for the distance from point O (0, 0) to
point A(Xa, Ya) we obtain:
(0,0)

OA = r =√((Xa-0)^2+(Ya-0)^2)
r^2 =(Xa-0)^2+(Ya-0)^2
r^2 =Xa^2+Ya^2

X² + Y² = r²
 Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

Determine the equation of a circle if you know:

1. center O(0, 0) and radius 12:
2. The center is O(0, 0) and passes through (7, -24).

1. A circle centered at O(0, 0) 2. A circle centered at O(0, 0) and

and r = 12 then the equation: passing through (7, -24).

x^2+y^2=r^2 r = √(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2)
=√(7 ^ 2 + (- 24) ^ 2)
x^2 + y^2 = 12^2
=√(49 + 576)
x^2 + y^2 = 144
=√(625)
= 25
So, the equation of a circle with
center at O(0, 0) and 12 is So, the equation of a circle with center
x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 = 144 at O(0, 0) and passing through (7, -24) is
x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 = 625
 B. EQUATION OF A CIRCLE WITH
CENTER AT POINT A(A, B)

If point A(a, b) is the center of the circle and point B (x, y) lies on the circle,
then the radius of the circle r is equal to the distance from A to B.

r = distance A to B
(A,B)

r^2 = (AB)^2
= (Xb-Xa)^2 + (Yb-Ya)^2
=(x - a)^2 + (y - b)^2

(x - a) ^ 2 + (y - b) ^ 2 = r ^ 2
 Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

Determine the equation of a circle if you know:

1. the center is (-2, 3) and radius 5;
2. the center is (5, 2) and through (-4, 1);

1. Center (-2, 3), r= 5 2. Center (5.2) and through (-4.1)

r = √((5-(-4))^2 + (2-1)^2)
Circle equation: = √(9^2 + 1^2)
(x - (- 2)) ^ 2 + (y - 3) ^ 2 = 5 ^ 2 = √(81+1)
= √(82)
(x + 2) ^ 2 + (y - 3) ^ 2 = 25
x^2 + 4x + 4 + y^2 - 6y + 9 = 25
Circle equation (X-5)^2+(Y-2)^2 = (√82)^2
x^2 + y^2 + 4x - 6y + 13 = 25 X^2-10X+25+Y^2-4Y+4 = 82
x^2 + y^2 + 4x - 6y - 12 = 0 X^2+Y^2 -10X-4Y-53 = 0
 Determining the
Center and Radius
of a Circle whose
Equation is Known
 Based on the equation of a circle
with center (a, b) and radius r is:
(x - a) ^ 2 + (y - b) ^ 2 = r ^ 2
x^2 - 2ax + a^2 + y^2 - 2by + b^2 = r^2
x^2 + y^2 - 2ax - 2by + a^2 + b^2 = r^2
x^2 + y^2 - 2ax - 2by + a^2 + b^2 - r^2 = 0

If -2a = 2A, -2b= 2B and a² + b² - r² = C, then we obtain

the general form of the circle equation:

x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0, where is the center

(-A, -B) and radius of the circle (r) = √(a^2+ b^2 -C^2) or
r = √(A^2 + B^2 -C)
W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)
 Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

For the circle

x^2 + y^2 - 16x + 14y + 32 = 0
Find the center and the radius
.Then graph the circle

Aku takut
kucing bro...
THE ELLIPSE
E N J O Y ! ! ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)
Ellipse
An ellipse is the set of all points in a
plane, the sum of whose distances
from two fixed points (the foci) is
constant. The center of an ellipse is
the midpoint of the segment between
the foci.
 Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

Find the standard equation of the ellipse with vertices (-5,0) and (5,0)
and foci (-3,0) and (3,0) . Then graph the ellipse.

Since the foci are on the x-axis and the

origin is the midpoint of
the segment between them, the major
axis is horizontal and is the center of the Since the vertices are and and the foci are and
ellipse. Thus the equation is of the form To graph the ellipse, we plot the vertices and . Since
, we know that and the y-intercepts are and .
We plot these points as well and connect the four points we have
plotted
To graph the ellipse withwe plot the
a smooth ventices (-5,0)
curve.
Since the ventices are (-5,0) and (5,0) and
and (5,0). Since b=4 and the y-intercepts are (0,-4)
the foci are (-3,0) and (3,0), we know that
and (0,4), We plot these points as well and
a=5 and C=3. These values can be used to
connect the four points we have plotted
find b².
with a smooth curve.
The graph : W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)
 Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

For the ellipse 9x²+4y²=36, find the vertices and the foci. Then draw
the graph.

To graph the ellipse, we plot the vertices. Note also

that since b=2 , the x-intercepts are (-2,0) and (2,0) . We
plot these points as well and connect the four points
we have plotted with a smooth curve.
Since the vertices are and and the foci are and
To graph the ellipse, we plot the vertices and . Since
, we know that and the y-intercepts are and .
We plot these points as well and connect the four points we have
plotted
Thus a=3 and b=2. The major axis is vertical, so with a smooth curve.
the vertices are (0,-3) and (0,3). Since we know
that c²=a²-b², we have c²=3²-2²=9-4=5, so C=√5 and
the foci are (0,-√5) and (0,√5)
Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

For the ellipse, 4x²+y²+24x-2y+21=0 find the center, the vertices, and
the foci. Then draw the graph.

The center is (-3,1). Note that a=4 and b=2, the major axis is
vertical so, the ventices are 4 units above and below the
center :
(-3,1+4) and (-3,1-4) or (-3,5) and (-3,-3).
We know that c²=a²-b² so c²=4²-2²=16-4=12 and C=√12=2√3.
Then theSince the 2√3
foci are vertices
unitsare and and
above andthe focithe
below are center:
and
To graph
(-3, 1+2√3) andthe
(-3,ellipse,
1-2√3) we plot the vertices and . Since
To graph ,the
we ellipse,
know that weand
plotthe y-intercepts
the are and
vertices. Note also. that
since
We plotb=2 , two
these points as well and connect the four points we have
other points on the graph are the endpoints of the minor
plotted
axis, 2 units right
with a smooth curve.
and left of the center:
(-3+2, 1) and (-3-2, 1) or (-1, 1) and (-5, 1)
We plot these points as well and connect the four points
with a smooth curve.
The graph : W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)
C. THE HYPERBOLA
THE HYPERBOLA
🌷 Given an equation of a hyperbola, complete the
square, if necessary, and then find the center, the
vertices, and the foci and graph the hyperbola.
 A hyperbola is the set of all points in a
plane for which the absolute value of the
difference of the distances from two
fixed points (the foci) is constant. The
midpoint of the segment between the foci
is the center of the hyperbola.
THE HYPERBOLA
 Standard
Equations of
Hyperbolas
Next......... W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)
A. STANDARD EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA
WITH CENTER AT THE ORIGIN
A. STANDARD EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA
WITH CENTER AT THE ORIGIN
 Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

1. Find an equation of the hyperbola with vertices (0, -4) and (0, 4)
and foci (0, -6) and (0, 6).

We know that a = 4 and c = 6. Since the vertices and the foci are
We find b^2 : on the y-axis, we know that the
transverse axis is vertical. We can
now write the equation of the
c^2 = a^2 + b^2 hyperbola:
6^2 = 4^2 + b^2
36 = 16 + b^2
20 = b^2
 Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

2. For the hyperbola

Given by:
9x^2 - 16y^2 = 144

• Find the vertices,

• Findhe foci
• and the asymptotes.
• Then graph the
hyperbola
Example(2): W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

hello guys hihi.....

B. STANDARD EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA
WITH CENTER AT (H,K)
B. STANDARD EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA
WITH CENTER AT (H,K)
 Example: W O A H H ( ⁠๑ ⁠˙ ⁠❥ ⁠˙ ⁠๑ ⁠)

For the hyperbola

given by :
4y^2 - x^2 + 24y + 4x + 28 = 0,

• Find the center,

• Find the vertices,
• Find the foci,
•and the asymptotes.
•Then draw the graph.
Example(2):
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