Obar, Ryndle Carl P.

Course : CHM 001 A

Section: CE12S6
Date: JANUARY 21 2024
Course Developing Critical Thinking Through Art 2
1. Atomic Theory a theory of the nature of matter: all material substances are composed of minute
particles or atoms of a comparatively small number of kinds and all the atoms of
the same kind are uniform in size, weight, and other properties. called also
atomic hypothesis.

As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,

the art shows early 19th-century atomic theory model, made by John Dalton
whereas for him matter is made up of indivisible components known as atoms.
While the mass and properties of atoms belonging to the same element are the
same, those of atoms belonging to different elements differ. Atoms are
combined and rearranged during chemical reactions, but they are not formed or
destroyed at the same time.

2. Structure of an The atomic structure refers to the structure of an atom comprising a nucleus
Atom (centre) in which the protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral) are
present. The negatively charged particles called electrons revolve around the
centre of the nucleus.
 As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,
the art shows a condensed representation of an atom, similar to the early Bohr
model, with an orbiting nucleus at the centre. The diversity in atomic structures
and properties is highlighted by the many coloured spheres that represent
different elements. Discrete energy levels of electrons are displayed,
highlighting the quantized energy states that are suggested by quantum theory.
The dynamic behaviour of electrons around the nucleus is illustrated by arrows,
which stand for electron mobility. The image illustrates the basic ideas of the
atomic theory, such as the existence of subatomic particles, electron orbitals,
and the distinctive characteristics of every element.

3. Atomic The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number. Forms of the
Number, Mass same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes. The
Number, and number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element’s mass
Isotopes number

As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,

the art highlights the atomic structure of the element iron, which has an orbiting
electron nucleus and represents the element's position of 26 on the periodic
table. The image's informational labels draw attention to the atomic number,
 which is the number of protons in an iron atom and is essential to determining
the atom's identification and position in the periodic table. An additional label
indicates the mass number, which is the total of the protons and neutrons in the
iron atom's nucleus and gives information on the atom's total mass. Iron
isotopes with varying neutron counts are shown to highlight the fact that while
all iron isotopes have the same atomic number, they may differ in mass. This
graphic illustrates the diversity of iron's isotopes and contributes to a more
comprehensive knowledge of iron's function in a range of chemical and physical
processes.

4. Periodic Table The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, arranges
the chemical elements into rows and columns. It is an icon of chemistry and is
widely used in physics and other sciences.

As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,

the art illustrates the periodic table of elements, organized in rows and columns,
with each element represented by its unique symbol, atomic number, and
atomic mass. Color-coded regions on the table distinguish between different
groups of elements, such as alkali metals, noble gases, transition metals, and
others, highlighting their shared properties and behaviors. The placement of
elements in specific columns reflects their similar chemical properties and
shared electron configurations, contributing to the periodic trends observed
across the table. The periodic table provides a comprehensive visual guide to
the diversity of elements, ranging from hydrogen, with an atomic number of 1, to
heavier elements like uranium and beyond. This image serves as a valuable
reference tool for scientists, educators, and students, facilitating the
understanding of the relationships and patterns among the various elements in
the vast realm of chemistry.
5. Atomic Mass The average atomic mass (sometimes called atomic weight) of an element is
Scale and the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the
Average Atomic element.
Mass

As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,

the art compares atomic weight and atomic mass, emphasizing that while these
terms are often used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings in the
context of atomic structure. Labels in the image clarify that atomic mass refers
to the mass of an individual atom, considering the combined mass of its
protons, neutrons, and electrons, measured in atomic mass units (amu). The
atomic mass scale is represented, illustrating that it is based on assigning a
mass of exactly 1 amu to a proton and slightly less to a neutron and electron.
Arrows indicate the concept of average atomic mass, explaining that it accounts
for the natural abundance of isotopes and their respective masses, providing a
weighted average based on their prevalence. This visual aid aids in grasping
the nuanced relationship between atomic weight and atomic mass, crucial for a
comprehensive understanding of the atomic structure and the intricacies of
isotopic compositions in elements.

6. Molecules and Every combination of atoms is a molecule. A compound is a molecule made of

Molecular atoms from different elements. All compounds are molecules, but not all
Compounds molecules are compounds.
 As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,
the art illustrates a range of molecules, highlighting the diversity of structural
elements present in compounds. Various elements within the molecules are
represented by different colours and shapes, emphasising their distinctive
patterns and combinations. Labels add to a thorough knowledge of molecular
composition by providing details about the individual compounds shown, such
as their names and chemical formulas. Atomic bonds are shown, signifying
covalent, ionic, or metallic interactions involving the sharing or transfer of
electrons to form compounds. The graphic depiction provides a clear
understanding of the intricate world of molecular structures by highlighting the
differences between molecules, which are collections of atoms bound together,
and compounds, which are particular kinds of molecules with different chemical
contents.

7. Ions and Ionic Ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons. Ionic compounds have positive
Compound ions and negative ions. Ionic formulas balance the total positive and negative
charges.
 As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,
the art depicts an ionic bond between two atoms, one donating electrons
(cation) and the other accepting electrons (anion), showcasing the electrostatic
attraction that forms between them. Labels in the image identify the cation and
anion, emphasizing the transfer of electrons from one atom to another to
achieve a stable, full electron shell. Arrows symbolize the direction of electron
transfer, highlighting the creation of charged particles, or ions, with the cation
having a positive charge and the anion having a negative charge. The image
underlines that ionic bonds typically form between metals and nonmetals, where
the metal loses electrons and the nonmetal gains electrons to achieve a noble
gas electron configuration. This visual representation offers a concise overview
of the process of ionic bonding, illustrating how ions with opposite charges
attract each other, leading to the formation of electrically neutral ionic
compounds.

8. Radioactivity is the release of energy from the decay of the nuclei of certain kinds of atoms
and isotopes. Atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons bound together in
tiny bundles at the center of atoms.
 As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,
the art shows how a radioactive nucleus emits ionising radiation, illuminating the
idea of radioactivity. Alpha, beta, and gamma particles are represented by
symbols, which stand for the various kinds of radiation released during
radioactive decay. A decay chain is shown, which helps to visually explain how
a radioactive element changes over time into a number of distinct elements as a
result of a series of decay events. Labels give information on the radioactive
substance's half-life, or how long it takes for half of its radioactive nuclei to
decay. The picture functions as an educational tool, assisting in the
comprehension of radioactive decay's spontaneous and unpredictable
nature—a phenomena that is essential to many scientific and medical
applications.

9. Hydrates any compound containing water in the form of H2O molecules, usually, but not
always, with a definite content of water by weight. The best-known hydrates are
crystalline solids that lose their fundamental structures upon removal of the
bound water.

As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,

the art portrays hydrates, crystalline compounds where water molecules are
chemically bonded to the ions or molecules of the substance. Different colors
and shapes represent the hydrate crystals, showcasing the unique structures
formed as a result of the specific water-to-substance ratio. Labels in the image
provide information about the hydrate formula, indicating the number of water
molecules associated with each unit of the compound. Arrows illustrate the
reversible nature of hydrate formation and dehydration, demonstrating how
water molecules can be easily added or removed from the crystal lattice. This
 visual representation emphasizes the importance of understanding hydrates in
chemistry, as they are prevalent in nature and have practical applications in
various industries.

10. Inorganic it include compounds that are made up of two or more elements other than
Compounds carbon, as well as certain carbon-containing compounds that lack
carbon-carbon bonds, such as cyanides and carbonates. Inorganic compounds
are most often classified in terms of the elements or groups of elements that
they contain.

As a first-year Civil Engineering student enrolled in the Chemistry for Engineers,

the art presents a comparison between organic and inorganic compounds,
highlighting their fundamental differences in structure and composition. Labels
indicate organic compounds as primarily composed of carbon-hydrogen bonds,
while inorganic compounds may lack carbon-hydrogen bonds or contain metals.
The focus on inorganic compounds in the image centers around their broader
definition, encompassing substances that often originate from non-living
sources and can include minerals, salts, and metals. The visual representation
underscores the distinction between the two compound types, with the definition
of inorganic compounds extending beyond the traditional organic compound
framework, encompassing a diverse range of substances.

- End of CHE 001 OBTL DCTTA -