Basic College Mathematics 12th Edition

Bittinger Solutions Manual

Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/basic-college-mathematics-12th-edition-bittinger-solutions-manual/
Chapter 7
Data, Graphs, and Statistics
315
12. = 35 mpg
Exercise Set 7.1 9
14. Find the total grade point value:
RC2. To find the average of a set of numbers, add the num- A 4.00 · 5 = 20
bers and then divide by the number of items of data. C 2.00 · 4 = 8
RC4. The mode of a set of numbers is the number or numbers F 0.00 · 3 = 0
that occur most often. B 3.00 · 5 = 15
51 + 53 + 45 + 45 + 59 + 38 + 61 + 67 43
2. Average: =
8 Find the total hours: 5 + 4 + 3 + 5 = 17
419 43
= 52.375 hr Find the grade point average: ≈ 2.5
8 17
Median: 38, 45, 45, 51, 53, 59, 61, 67
↑ $2.49 + $1.59 + $2.29 + $2.49 + $2.29
16. Average: =
Median is halfway 5
between 51 and 53. $11.15
= $2.23
51 + 53 104 5
= = 52 hr Median: $1.59, $2.29, $2.29, $2.49, $2.49
2 2
Mode: The number 45 occurs most often, so the mode is ↑
45. Median is $2.29.
72 + 83 + 85 + 88 + 92 420 Mode: The numbers $2.29 and $2.49 occur most often, so
4. Average: = = 84 the modes are $2.29 and $2.49.
5 5
Median: 72, 83, 85, 88, 92 18. Total score needed:
↑
Median is 85. 90 + 90 + 90 + 90 + 90 = 450
Mode: No number repeats, so no mode exists. Total score on first four tests:

13 + 32 + 25 + 27 + 13 110 90 + 91 + 81 + 92 = 354
6. Average: = = 22 Lowest score possible for an A:
5 5
Median: 13, 13, 25, 27, 32 450 − 354 = 96
↑
Median is 25. 20. Total height needed:
Mode: The number 13 occurs most often, so the mode is 176.5 cm + 176.5 cm + 176.5 cm + 176.5 cm+
13. 176.5 cm = 882.5 cm
82.3 Total height of Jason’s brothers:
8. Average: 13.4 + 13.4 + 12.6 + 42.9 = = 20.575
4 174 cm + 180 cm + 179 cm + 172 cm = 705 cm
Median: 12.6, 13.4, 13.4, 42.9
↑ Jason’s height:
Median is halfway 882.5 cm − 705 cm = 177.5 cm
between 13.4 and 13.4.
22. a) Value Services:
The median is 13.4.
28,394; 32,193; 42,681; 48,267; 56,189; 152,693;
Mode: The number 13.4 occurs most often, so the mode is
189,607
13.4.
The middle number is 48,267, so the median salary
$29.95 + $28.79 + $30.62 + $28.79 + $29.95
10. Average: = is $48,267.
5
$148.10 Dependable Care:
= $29.62
5 18,242; 21,607; 42,394; 50,112; 52,987; 56,812;
Median: $28.79, $28.79, $29.95, $29.95, $30.62 87,212; 98,322
↑ The median is halfway between $50,112 and
Median is $29.95 $52,987.
Mode: The numbers $28.79 and $29.95 occur most often, $50, 112 + $52, 987 $103, 099
so the modes are $28.79 and $29.95. = = $51, 549.50
2 2

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
142 Chapter 7: Data, Graphs, and Statistics

b) Dependable Care has the higher median salary. 20. To find the average, add all the numbers in the Average
Distance from the Sun (in miles) column and divide the
507 + 594 + 611 + 638 + 557 2907 sum by 8. The result is 785,700,950 mi.
24. a) = ≈ 581 movies
5 5 The average distances from the sun are listed in order from
638 + 557 + 563 + 609 + 677 3044
b) = ≈ 609 movies the smallest to the largest in the table. The median is the
5 5 average of the two middle numbers:
c) On average, more movies were released from 2008 141, 634, 800 + 483, 612, 200
to 2012 than from 2005 to 2009. = 312, 623, 500 mi
2
26. 0. 5 6 7 8 Since no number appears more than once, there is no mode.
× 2 2 2
22. You are eating 2 servings, so the percent of the daily value
1 1 3 5 6
of dietary fiber is 2 · 3%, or 6%.
1 1 3 5 6 0
11 3 5 6 0 0 24. 2000 ÷ 110 = 18.18, so it would take 19 servings of cereal
1 2 6. 0 5 1 6 to exceed 2000 calories.
28 3 28 · 3 2 · 14 · 3 14 26. You are eating 2 servings, so the amount of protein con-
28. · = = =
45 2 45 · 2 3 · 15 · 2 15 sumed is 2(1 g + 4 g) = 2 · 5 g = 10 g.
30. We can find the total number of home runs needed over
28. Sumatran rhino
Aaron’s 22-yr career as follows:
7 755 22 · 755 22 755 30. White rhinos: 48.5 × 300 = 14, 550
22 · 34 = 22 · = = · = 755.
22 22 22 22 1 Black rhinos: 12.5 × 300 = 3750
The total number of home runs during the first 21 years
14, 550 − 3750 = 10, 800 rhinos
of Aaron’s career was
10 745 21 · 745 21 745 32. The white rhino population is represented by about 48.5
21 · 35 = 21 · = = · = 745.
21 21 21 21 1 symbols while the Indian elephant population is repre-
Then Aaron hit sented by 8 symbols. Since 48.5 ÷ 8 ≈ 6, there are about
755 − 745 = 10 home runs six times as many white rhinos as Indian rhinos.
in his final year. 34. We see from the circle representing 2010 that personal con-
sumption expenditures were $32,613 per person.
Exercise Set 7.2 36. 1990 and 2010

RC2. People will read partial symbols differently, so the 38. 0.07 × $3164 = $221.48 per person
statement is false. 40. a) 16% − 3% = 13%
RC4. We can read a maximum or a minimum from a table b) 1950: 0.03 × $1270 = $38.10
as well as from a pictograph, so the statement is false.
2010: 0.16 × $32, 613 = $5218.08
2. 111◦ $5218.08 − $38.10 = $5179.98
4. 123◦ 42. 100-109
6. The number 111 appears in the Apparent Temperature 44. 35 − 25 = 10 games
(◦ F) columns 3 times, so 3 temperature-humidity combi-
nations give an apparent temperature of 111◦ . They are
85◦ and 100%, 90◦ and 70%, and 95◦ and 50%. Chapter 7 Mid-Chapter Review
◦
8. 85 and higher
1. The given statement is true. See pages 410, 413 and 414
10. 70% and higher in the text.
12. 100% − 40% = 60% 2. Consider the set of data 3, 3, 3. The average is
14. 224.59 days 3+3+3 9
= =3
3 3
16. Mars The median is 3 and the mode is also 3. Thus, it is true
18. Longest time of revolution: 164.78 yr that it is possible for the average, the median, and the
mode of a set of data to be the same number.
Shortest time of revolution: 0.24 yr
164.78 − 0.24 = 164.54 3. The given statement is false. If there is an even number
of items in a set of data, the median is the average of the
The longest time of revolution is 164.54 yr longer than the two middle numbers.
shortest time.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 7 Mid-Chapter Review 143

60 + 45 + 115 + 15 + 35 270 The median is the average of the two middle numbers, 116
4. = = 54
5 5 and 116.
5. We first arrange the numbers from smallest to largest. 116 + 116 232
= = 116
2.1, 4.8, 6.3, 8.7, 11.3, 14.5 2 2
Find the mode:
The median is the average of the two middle numbers, 6.3
Each number occurs the same number of times, so no mode
and 8.7.
6.3 + 8.7 15 exists.
= = 7.5.
2 2 10. Find the average:
The median is 7.5. $4.96 + $5.24 + $4.96 + $10.05 + $5.24 $30.45
= = $6.09
6. Find the average: 5 5
56 + 29 + 45 + 240 + 175 + 7 + 29 581 To find the median, we first arrange the numbers from
= = 83 smallest to largest.
7 7
To find the median, we first arrange the numbers from $4.96, $4.96, $5.24, $5.24, $10.05
smallest to largest. The median is the middle number, $5.24.
7, 29, 29, 45, 56, 175, 240 Find the mode:
The median is the middle number, 45. The numbers $4.96 and $5.24 each occur two times while
Find the mode: $10.05 occurs only one time. Thus, the modes are $4.96
The number that occurs most often is 29. The mode is 29. and $5.24.

7. Find the average: 11. Find the average:

2.12 + 18.42 + 9.37 + 43.89 73.8 1 3 7 5 4 6 7 10 27
+ + + + + +
4
=
4
= 18.45 2 4 8 4 = 8 8 8 8 = 8 = 27 · 1 = 27
4 4 4 8 4 32
To find the median, we first arrange the numbers from
To find the median, we first arrange the numbers from
smallest to largest.
smallest to largest. We will write the fractions with a
2.12, 9.37, 18.42, 43.89 common denominator as we did above.
The median is the average of the two middle numbers, 9.37 4 6 7 10
, , ,
and 18.42. 8 8 8 8
9.37 + 18.42 27.79 6
= = 13.895 The median is the average of the two middle numbers,
2 2 8
7
Find the mode: and .
8
Each number occurs the same number of times, so no mode 6 7 13
exists. +
8 8 = 8 = 13 · 1 = 13
8. Find the average: 2 2 8 2 16
Find the mode:
5 1 8 2 4 20
+ + + +
9 9 9 9 9 = 9 = 20 · 1 = 20 · 1 = Each number occurs the same number of times, so no mode
5 5 9 5 9·5 exists.
4·5·1 5 4·1 4
= · = 12. Find the average:
9·5 5 9 9
2+5+7+7+8+5+5+7+8 54
To find the median, we first arrange the numbers from = =6
smallest to largest. 9 9
To find the median, we first arrange the numbers from
1 2 4 5 8
, , , , smallest to largest.
9 9 9 9 9
4 2, 5, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8
The median is the middle number, .
9 The median is the middle number, 7.
Find the mode: Find the mode: There are two numbers that occur most
Each number occurs the same number of times, so no mode often, 5 and 7. Thus the modes are 5 and 7.
exists.
13. Find the average:
9. Find the average: 38.2 + 38.2 + 38.2 + 38.2 152.8
= = 38.2
160 + 102 + 102 + 116 + 160 + 116 756 4 4
= = 126
6 6 Find the median:
To find the median, we first arrange the numbers from The numbers are arranged from smallest to largest. The
smallest to largest. median is the average of the two middle numbers, 38.2 and
102, 102, 116, 116, 160, 160 38.2.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
144
38.2 + 38.2 76.4
= = 38.2
2 2
Find the mode:
Each number occurs the same number of times, so no mode
exists.
14. Find Breyer’s ice cream in the Product column and go
across to the Size column. We see that the old package
contained 56 oz and the new package contains 48 oz. The
difference is
56 oz − 48 oz, or 8 oz.
15. Find Hellman’s mayonnaise in the Product column and go
across to the Percent Smaller column. We see that the new
package is 6% smaller than the old package.
16. Find the largest number in the Percent Smaller column.
It is 15. Go across to the Product column and read the
entry. We see that Hershey’s Special Dark chocolate bar
has the greatest percent decrease.
17. Find Tropicana orange juice in the Product column and
go across to the Size column. We see that the old package
contained 96 oz and the new package contains 89 oz. The
difference is
96 oz − 89 oz = 7 oz.
18. Find the smallest number in the Percent Smaller column.
It is 5. Go across to the Product column and read the
entry. We see that Nabisco Chips Ahoy cookies have the
smallest percent of decrease.
19. The quarterback with the greatest number of symbols is
Tom Brady, so Tom Brady threw the greatest number of
touchdown passes in one season.
20. The graph shows about 4.5 symbols for Aaron Rodgers
and each symbol represents 10 touchdown passes, so Aaron
Rodgers had 4.5 × 10, or 45, touchdown passes.
21. From the graph we see that Peyton Manning had about
4.9 × 10, or 49, touchdown passes, and John Elway had
about 2.7×10, or 27, touchdown passes. We have 49−27 =
22, so Peyton Manning had about 22 more touchdown
passes than John Elway. (Answers will vary depending
on how many symbols are estimated for each player.)
22. We estimate the number of symbols for each player as fol-
lows:
John Elway: 2.7
Dan Marino: 4.8
Joe Montana: 3.1
Roger Staubach: 2.5
Tom Brady: 5
Aaron Rodgers: 4.5
Peyton Manning: 4.9
We find the average of these numbers.
2.7 + 4.8 + 3.1 + 2.5 + 5 + 4.5 + 4.9 27.5
= ≈ 3.9
7 7
Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 7: Data, Graphs, and Statistics
Since each symbol represents 10 touchdown passes, the
average career-high number of touchdown passes in one
season for the seven quarterbacks was about 3.9 × 10, or
39.
1
23. Yes; if the trip took 1 hr then the average speed would be
2
1 3 2
20 mph. (30 mi ÷ 1 hr = 30 mi ÷ hr = 30 mi · hr =
2 2 3
20 mph) But the driver could have driven at a speed of
75 mph for a brief period during that time.
24. Answers may vary. Some would ask for the average salary
since it is a center point that places equal emphasis on
all the salaries in the firm. Some would ask for the me-
dian salary since it is a center point that deemphasizes the
extremely high and extremely low salaries. Some would
ask for the mode of the salaries since it might indicate the
salary you are most likely to earn.
Exercise Set 7.3
RC2. The statement is true. See page 430 in the text.
RC4. The statement is true. The data in Example 3 on page
432 could be illustrated using either a line graph or a
bar graph.
2. Intermediate bearded iris
4. 6 in. to 15 in.
6. Miniature dwarf and standard dwarf bearded irises
8. Miniature dwarf, tall, and standard dwarf bearded irises
10. 265 calories
12. 2 T of chocolate syrup
14. 1 cup of chocolate milkshake, 1 cup of hot cocoa made with
whole milk
16. 4 · 290 calories = 1160 calories
18. 920, 000 − 340, 000 = 580, 000 bachelor’s degrees
20. 2000 and 2010
22. New York City
24. Denver and Salt Lake City
26. On the horizontal scale in six equally spaced intervals indi-
cate the names of the cities. Label this scale “City.” Then
label the vertical scale “Commuting Time (in minutes).”
Note that the smallest time is 21.7 minutes and the largest
is 38.3 minutes. We could start the vertical scale at 0 or
we could start it at 20, using a jagged line to indicate the
missing numbers. We choose the second option. Extend
the vertical axis to 40 and label the marks on it by 5’s.
Finally, draw vertical bars above the cities to show the
commuting times.
Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 7 Summary and Review: Vocabulary Reinforcement 145

Commuting time (in minutes) 40

Exercise Set 7.4
35

30 RC2. These are all the categories shown on the graph, so the
statement is true.
25
1
RC4. The sector representing music is less than of the
20 4
circle, so the statement is false.
New York
City

Los Angeles

Phoenix

Houston

Indianapolis

Chicago
RC6. The sector representing electronics takes up less than
half of the circle, so the statement is false.

City 2. 25% + 3% = 28%

28. Indianapolis 4. 0.05 × 760, 000 = 38, 000 students

38.3+29.0+24.5+25.8+21.7+33.2 172.5 6. India

30. = = 28.75 min
6 6
8. Europe
32. $42 − $18 = $24 10%

34. May to June Oceania

1%
36. About $675 North America
9%
Asia
38. 30 years South America
60%
5%
40. $2100 − $760 = $1340
Africa
42. About 240($760) = $182, 400 15%

44. Amount of increase: 15.9 − 14 = 1.9

Solve: 1.9 = p × 14 10.
Other
p ≈ 0.136 = 13.6% Sports
2%
8%
46. Amount of increase: 17.5 − 16.9 = 0.6 Falls
22%
Solve: 0.6 = p × 16.9
Motor vehicle
p ≈ 0.036 = 3.6% accidents
Acts of 44%
48. n = 115 − 32 = 83
violence
11 5 22 15 7 24%
50. y = − = − =
12 8 24 24 24
52. t = 11.1 − 4.752 = 6.348

54. Solve: 51.2 = 64% · a Chapter 7 Vocabulary Reinforcement

a = 80
1. A table presents data in rows and columns.
56. Solve: 120 = p · 80
p = 150% 2. A circle graph illustrates category percentages using dif-
ferent sized sectors or wedges.
58. 2.56 ÷ (4 − 3.84) + 6.3 × 0.2
3. A pictograph uses symbols to represent amounts.
= 2.56 ÷ 0.16 + 6.3 × 0.2
= 16 + 1.26 4. The mode of a set of data is the number or numbers that
occur most often.
= 17.26
1 5. The average of a set of data is the sum of the numbers in
60. 6.25 × 7 = 6.25 × 7.2 = 45 the set divided by the number of items of data.
5
6. The median of an ordered set of data is the middle number
or the average of the middle numbers if there is an even
number of items of data.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
146 Chapter 7: Data, Graphs, and Statistics

0.2 + 1.7 + 1.9 + 2.4 6.2

3. = = 1.55
Chapter 7 Concept Reinforcement 4 4
700 + 2700 + 3000 + 900 + 1900 9200
4. = = 1840
5 5
1. The statement is false. To find the average of a set of
numbers, add the numbers and then divide by the number $2 + $14 + $17 + $17 + $21 + $29 $100
5. = = $16.6
of items of data. 6 6
20 + 190 + 280 + 470 + 470 + 500 1930
2. The statement is true. See page 414 in the text. 6. = = 321.6
6 6
3. The statement is true. See page 413 in the text. 7. We can find the total of the four scores needed as follows:

90 + 90 + 90 + 90 = 360.
Chapter 7 Study Guide
The total of the scores on the first three tests is

1. Find the average: 94 + 78 + 92 = 264.

8 + 13 + 1 + 4 + 8 + 7 + 15 56
= =8 Thus the student needs to get at least
7 7
To find the median we first arrange the numbers from 360 − 264 = 96
smallest to largest.
to get an A. We can check this as follows:
1, 4, 7, 8, 8, 13, 15
The median is the middle number, 8. 90 + 78 + 92 + 96 360
= = 90.
4 4
Find the mode:
The number 8 occurs most often. It is the mode. 8. We divide the number of miles, 336, by the number of
gallons, 12.
2. Find the largest number in the Cost column, 10.54, and 336
then read the corresponding entry in the Product column. = 28
12
We see that Quaker Organic Maple & Brown Sugar oat- The average was 28 miles per gallon.
meal has the highest cost per packet or serving.
9. To find the GPA we first add the grade point values for
3. Find Kashi oatmeal in the Product column and then read each hour taken. This is done by first multiplying the
the corresponding number in the Sugar column, 12. We grade point value by the number of hours in the course
see that Kashi oatmeal has 12 g of sugar per packet or and then adding as follows:
serving.
4.0 · 5 =20
A
4. Read the name of the stadium corresponding to the bar 3.0 · 3 = 9
B
that does not extend to $100 million. We see that the 2.0 · 4 = 8
C
building costs of Arrowhead Stadium were less than $100 3.0 · 3 = 9
B
million. 3.0 · 1 = 3
B
49 (Total)
5. The bar representing MetLife Stadium extends to about
$1600 million while the bar representing Bank of America The total number of hours taken is
Stadium extends to about $250 million. Thus, MetLife 5 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 1, or 16.
Stadium cost about We divide 49 by 16 and round to the nearest tenth.
$1600 million − $250 million, or $1350 million, 49
= 3.0625 ≈ 3.1
more to build than Bank of America Stadium. 16
The student’s grade point average is 3.1.
6. The smallest wedge represents the 80 and older age group.
This is the group with the fewest people. 10. 26, 34, 43, 51
↑
7. We see from the graph that 27% of the population is under Middle number
20 years old. The median is halfway between 34 and 43. It is the average
of the two middle numbers.
34 + 43 77
= = 38.5
Chapter 7 Review Exercises 2 2
The median is 38.5.
26 + 34 + 43 + 51 154 11. 7, 11, 14, 17, 18
1. = = 38.5
4 4 ↑
11 + 14 + 17 + 18 + 7 67 Middle number
2. = = 13.4 The median is 14.
5 5

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 7 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 147

12. 0.2, 1.7, 1.9, 2.4 22. The number that occurs most often is 20, so 20 is the
↑ mode.
Middle number
23. Go down the Country column to China and then go across
The median is halfway between 1.7 and 1.9. It is the av- to the Percent Owning Smartphone column and read the
erage of the two middle numbers. percent, 52%.
1.7 + 1.9 3.6
= = 1.8 24. Go down the Percent Owning Tablet to the first number
2 2
The median is 1.8. that is less than 10. This is the number 2. Then go across
to the Country column and read the country, Mexico. Do
13. 700, 900, 1900, 2700, 3000 this again for the numbers 3 and 5 in the Percent Owning
↑ Tablet column. We see that in Mexico, Germany, and the
Middle number Phillipines less than 10% of the population own a tablet.
The median is 1900.
25. We look for a number in the Percent Owning Smartphone
14. We arrange the numbers from smallest to largest. column that is about twice the corresponding entry in the
Percent Owning Tablet column. This occurs only for the
$2, $14, $17, $17, $21, $29
entries corresponding to the United States, so approxi-
↑
mately twice as many people own a smartphone as own
Middle number
a tablet in the United States.
The median is halfway between $17 and $17. Although it
seems clear that this is $17, we can compute it as follows: 26. We see from the graph that 4 games is represented by
$17 + $17 $34 about 4.2 symbols and each symbol represents 5 World
= = $17 Series. We have
2 2
The median is $17. 4.2 × 5 = 21,
so about 21 World Series were decided in 4 games.
15. We arrange the numbers from smallest to largest.
20, 190, 280, 470, 470, 500 27. The 7 games category is represented by the most symbols,
↑ so the most World Series were decided in 7 games.
Middle number
28. The 7 games category is represented by about 7.4 symbols,
The median is halfway between 280 and 470. It is the so about
average of the two middle numbers.
7.4 × 5 = 37
280 + 470 750
= = 375 World Series were won in 7 games. We found in Exercise
2 2
The median is 375. 26 that about 21 World Series were won in 4 games. The
difference is
16. Find the average: 37 − 21 = 16,
$360 + $192 + $240 + $216 + $420 + $132 $1560 so about 16 more World Series were decided in 7 games
= = $260
6 6 than in 4 games.
To find the median we first arrange the numbers from
smallest to largest. 29. The shortest bar represents 70-89, so the salary range
$132, $192, $216, $240, $360, $420 $70,000-$89,000 has the smallest number of governors.

The median is the average of the two middle numbers, $216 30. The bars above 130-149 and 90-109 extend to about 14
and $240. and 12, respectively. The difference is
$216 + $240
=
$456
= $228 14 − 12 = 2,
2 2 so about 2 more governors make between $130,000 and
17. The number that occurs most often is 26, so 26 is the $149,000 than make between $90,000 and $109,000.
mode.
31. The bars for 70-89, 90-109, and 110-129 extend to about
18. The numbers that occur most often are 11 and 17. They 2, 11, and 9, respectively. Their sum is
are the modes. 2 + 11 + 9 = 22,
19. The number that occurs most often is 0.2, so 0.2 is the so about 22 governors make less than $130,000.
mode.
32. The longest bar represents the number of tornadoes in
20. The numbers that occur most often are 700 and 800. They April, so this is the month that had the greatest number
are the modes. of tornadoes.
21. The number that occurs most often is $17, so $17 is the 33. The bar above August extends to about 150, so this is the
mode. number of tornadoes that occurred in August.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
148 Chapter 7: Data, Graphs, and Statistics

34. The bars above May and June extend to about 750 and vertical scale at 0 and extend it to 50/
c, labeling it by 10’s.
600, respectively. The difference is Finally, draw vertical bars above the years to show the cost
750 − 600 = 150, of the postage.
50
so about 150 more tornadoes occurred in May than in

postage (in cents)

Cost of first-class
40
June.
30
35. We see from the graph that the bar for each spring month 20
is longer than the bar for any winter month, so more tor- 10
nadoes occurred in the spring than in the winter.

01

09

13
02

08

12
06
07
20

20

20
20

20

20
20
20
36. The lowest dot after the year 1990 corresponds to 1998.
Year
This is the year after 1990 during which there were the
fewest children in the shelter system. 48. Prepare horizontal and vertical scales as described in Ex-
37. The dot above 2001 corresponds to 10,000 on the vertical ercise 47. Then, at the appropriate level above each year,
scale, so there were about 10,000 children in the shelter mark the corresponding postage. Finally, draw line seg-
system each night in 2001. ments connecting the points.
50
38. Locate 17,000 on the vertical scale, go across to the graph,

postage (in cents)

Cost of first-class
40
and then go down to the horizontal scale and read the years
2004 and 2010. These are the years in which there were 30

about 17,000 children in the shelter system each night. 20

10
39. Look for segments of the graph that slant down from left
to right. This occurs between 1986 and 1989, between 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
1995 and 1998, and between 2004 and 2007. These are the Year
years between which the number of children in the shelter
system decreased. 49. Using a circle with 100 equally-spaced tick marks, first
draw a line from the center to any tick mark. Then count
40. The year 2010 corresponds to about 16,000 and 2013 cor- off 4 tick marks to graph 4% and label the wedge “$70,000-
responds to about 20,000, so the number of children in the $89,000.” Continue in this manner with the remaining age
shelter system increased by about groups. The graph is shown below.
Governors’ Salaries
20, 000 − 16, 000, or 4000, children $70,000–$89,000
4%
between 2010 and 2013.
$170,000–$189,000
41. We see from the graph that tuition is 34% of college costs. 16%
$90,000–$109,000
22%
42. The largest sector of the graph represents room and board. $150,000–$169,000
14%
$110,000–$129,000
43. We see from the graph that mandatory fees account for $130,000–$149,000 18%
11% of costs and academic service fees account for 3% of 26%

costs. Thus, fees account for 11% + 3%, or 14%, of costs.

50. a is the middle number and the median is 316, so a = 316.
44. Room and board accounts for 42% of the costs. We have
42% × $11, 500 = 0.42 × $11, 500 = $4830,
so a student would pay $4830 for room and board.
45. 6, 9, 6, 8, 8, 5, 10, 5, 9, 10
Each number occurs the same number of times, so no mode
exists. Answer D is correct.
The average is 326 so the data must add to
326 + 326 + 326 + 326 + 326 + 326 + 326, or 2282.
The sum of the known data items, including a, is
298 + 301 + 305 + 316 + 323 + 390, or 1933.
We subtract to find b:
b = 2282 − 1933 = 349

1 1 1 1 30 20 15 12 77
+ + + + + +
46. 2 3 4 5 = 60 60 60 60 = 60 = Chapter 7 Discussion and Writing Exercises
4 4 4
77 1 77
· = 1. The equation could represent a person’s average income
60 4 240
during a 4-yr period. Answers may vary.
Answer A is correct.
2. Bar graphs that show change over time, such as the one
47. On the horizontal scale in eight equally spaced intervals in Exercise 47 in the Review Exercises, can be successfully
indicate the years. Label this scale “Year.” Then label the converted to line graphs. Other bar graphs, such as the
vertical scale “Cost of first-class postage (in cents).” The one in Example 1 in Section 7.3, cannot be successfully
smallest cost is 34/c and the largest is 46/
c, so we start the converted to line graphs.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 7 Test 149

3. We can use circle graphs to visualize how the number of 6. 3, 17, 17, 18, 18, 20
items in various categories compare in size. Find the median: There is an even number of numbers.
4. A bar graph is convenient for showing comparisons. A The median is the average of the two middle numbers:
line graph is convenient for showing a change over time as 17 + 18 35
= = 17.5
well as to indicate patterns or trends. The choice of which 2 2
to use to graph a particular set of data would probably Find the mode: There are two numbers that occur most
depend on the type of data analysis desired. often, 17 and 18. They are the modes.

5. The average, the median, and the mode are “center points”
that characterize a set of data. You might use the average
to find a center point that is midway between the extreme
values of the data. The median is a center point that is
in the middle of all the data. That is, there are as many
values less than the median as there are values greater than
the median. The mode is a center point that represents the
value or values that occur most frequently.
6. Circle graphs are similar to bar graphs in that both al-
low us to tell at a glance how items in various categories
compare in size. They differ in that circle graphs show per-
cents whereas bar graphs show actual numbers of items in
a given category.
7. The total of the four scores needed is
70 + 70 + 70 + 70 = 4 · 70, or 280.
The total of the scores on the first three tests is
68 + 71 + 65 = 204.
Thus the student needs to get at least
280 − 204, or 76
on the fourth test.
8. To find the GPA we first add the grade point values for
each class taken. This is done by first multiplying the
grade point value by the number of hours in the course
and then adding as follows:

3.0 · 3 = 9
B
4.0 · 3 =12
A
Chapter 7 Test 2.0 · 4 = 8
C
3.0 · 3 = 9
B
1. We add the numbers and then divide by the number of 3.0 · 2 = 6
B
items of data. 44 (Total)
45 + 49 + 52 + 52 198 The total number of hours taken is
= = 49.5
4 4 3 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 2, or 15.
2. We add the numbers and then divide by the number of We divide 44 by 15 and round to the nearest tenth.
items of data. 44
= 2.93 ≈ 2.9
1+1+3+5+3 13 15
= = 2.6
5 5 The grade point average is 2.9.
3. We add the numbers and then divide by the number of 9. Go down the column in the first table labeled “Height” to
items of data. the entry “6 ft 1 in.” Then go to the right and read the
3 + 17 + 17 + 18 + 18 + 20 93 entry in the column headed “Medium Frame.” We see that
= = 15.5
6 6 the desirable weight is 179 lb.
4. 45, 49, 52, 53
10. Locate the number 120 in the second table and observe
Find the median: There is an even number of numbers. that it is in the column headed “Medium Frame.” Then
The median is the average of the two middle numbers: go to the left and observe that the corresponding entry in
49 + 52 101 the “Height” column is 5 ft 3 in. Thus a 5 ft 3 in. woman
= = 50.5 with a medium frame has a desirable weight of 120 lb.
2 2
Find the mode: Each number occurs only once, so there is
11. From Exercise 12, we know that the desirable weight for a
no mode.
5 ft 3 in. woman with a medium frame is 120 lb. To find
5. Find the median: First we rearrange the numbers from the the desirable weight for a 5 ft 3 in. woman with a small
smallest to largest. frame, first locate 5 ft 3 in. in the “Height” column. Then
go to the right and read the entry in the “Small Frame”
1, 1, 3, 3, 5
column. We see that the desirable weight is 111 lb. We
↑
subtract to find the difference: 120 lb − 111 lb = 9 lb.
Middle number
Thus, the desirable weight for a 5 ft 3 in. woman with a
The median is 3. medium frame is 9 lb more than for a woman of the same
Find the mode: There are two numbers that occur most height with a small frame.
often, 1 and 3. They are the modes.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
150 Chapter 7: Data, Graphs, and Statistics

450
12. To find the desirable weight for a 6 ft 3 in. man with a large

Number of books
400
frame, first locate 6 ft 3 in. in the “Height” column. Then 350
go to the right and read the entry in the “Large Frame” 300
column, 204 lb. 250
200
To find the desirable weight for a 6 ft 3 in. man with a small 150
frame, locate 6 ft 3 in. in the “Height” column and then
go to the right and read the entry in the “Small Frame”

ay

Tu y

ay

Sa ay

ay
da

da

a
nd

sd

sd

id

rd
column, 172 lb. We subtract to find the difference: 204 lb−

on

es

Fr

tu
ne

ur
Su

Th
ed
172 lb = 32 lb. Thus, the desirable weight for a 6 ft 3 in.

man with a large frame is 32 lb more than for a man of
the same height with a small frame.
13. Since 1300 ÷ 100 = 13, we look for a country represented
by 13 symbols. We find that it is Spain.
14. Since 1500÷100 = 15, we look for countries represented by
more than 15 symbols. Those countries are Norway and
the United States.
W
Day
24. First indicate the days on the horizontal scale and title
this scale “Day.” We scale the vertical axis by 50’s from
150 to 450, using a jagged line to indicate that we are not
showing the range of numbers from 0 to 150. Next mark
the number of books checked out above the days. Then
draw line segments connecting adjacent points.
450

Number of books
400
15. Canada is represented by 9 symbols, so 9 · 100, or 900 lb, 350
of waste is generated per person per year in Canada. 300
250
16. The United States is represented by 17 symbols, so 17·100, 200

or 1700 lb, of waste is generated per person per year in the 150

United States. Mexico is represented by 7 symbols, so

7 · 100, or 700 lb, of waste is generated per person per year

ay

ay

ay

ay

ay
da

da
nd

sd

sd

id

rd
on

es

Fr

tu
ne

ur
Su
in Mexico. We subtract to find the difference: 1700 lb −

Tu
M

Sa
Th
ed
W
700 lb = 1000 lb. Thus, in the United States, 1000 lb more Day
of waste is generated per person per year than in Mexico.
25. Using a circle with 100 equally spaced tick marks, we first
17. The highest point on the graph corresponds to 2005. This draw a line from the center to any tick mark. From that
is the year that had the greatest number of hurricanes. tick mark, count off 23 tick marks and draw another line
to graph 23%. Label this wedge “Meat, poultry, fish, and
18. Locate 3 on the vertical scale, go across the graph, and
eggs” and “23%.” Continue in this manner with the other
then go down to read that there were 3 Atlantic hurricanes
types of food categories.
in 2009.
Fruits and
vegetables
19. Start at 2012 on the horizontal scale, go up to the graph, 17% Meats,
and then go across to the vertical scale to read that there poultry, fish,
Cereals and and eggs
were 10 hurricanes in 2012. bakery 23%
13%
20. The points on the graph representing 2005 and 2006 lie at Dairy
about 15 and 5, respectively, so there were about 15 − 5, products Other
11% 36%
or 10, more hurricanes in 2005 than in 2006.

21. The numbers of hurricanes for the 5 years 2008-2012 are 26. 13% of $664 = 0.13($664) = $86.32
about 8, 3, 12, 7, and 10. The average is Answer C is correct.
8 + 3 + 12 + 7 + 10 40
= = 8 hurricanes per year. 27. a is the middle number in the ordered set of data, so a is
5 5
the median, 74.
22. The points on the graph that are at or above 10 on the
vertical scale correspond to the years 2005, 2010, and 2012. Since the mean, or average, is 82, the total of the seven
numbers is 7 · 82, or 574.
23. We will make a vertical bar graph. First indicate the days The total of the known numbers is
in seven equally-spaced intervals on the horizontal scale
69 + 71 + 73 + 74 + 78 + 98, or 463.
and title this scale “Day.” Now note that the number of
books ranges from 160 to 420. We start the vertical scaling Then b = 574 − 463 = 111.
with 150, using a jagged line to indicate that we are not
showing the range of numbers from 0 to 150, and label
the marks by 50’s up to 450. Title this scale “Number of
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 7
Books.” Finally, draw vertical bars to show the number of
books checked out each day. 1. 53.5 billion = 53.5 × 1 billion
= 53.5 × 1, 000, 000, 000
= 53, 500, 000, 000

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 7 151

4 9 9 10
✥
2. Divide the number of miles, 312, by the number of gallons, 14. 3✥5✥0. 0 0
/
13. − 2 4. 5 7
312 3 2 5. 4 3
= 24
13 3 3 24 35 24 · 35 3·8·5·7
The mileage is 24 miles per gallon. 15. 3 ·4 = · = = =
7 8 7 8 7·8 7·8·1
3. 402,513 7·8 3·5 3·5
· = = 15
7·8 1 1
The digit 5 means 5 hundreds.
16. 1 2, 4 5 6
4. 3 + 53 = 3 + 125 = 128 × 220
2 4 9 120
5. Find as many two-factor factorizations as possible. 2 4 9 1 200
60 = 1 · 60 60 = 4 · 15 2, 7 4 0, 3 2 0
60 = 2 · 30 60 = 5 · 12
13 26 13 27 13 · 27 13 · 3 · 9
60 = 3 · 20 60 = 6 · 10 17. ÷ = · = = =
15 27 15 26 15 · 26 3 · 5 · 2 · 13
The factors of 60 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 3 · 13 9 9 9
60. · = =
3 · 13 5 · 2 5·2 10
6. ↓ |
43 61
52.0 4 5 Hundredths digit is 4 or lower. 2 4 1 0 4,6 76
18.
↓ Round down. 9 6
52.0 86
3 33 72
7. 3 = (3 · 10 = 30 and 30 + 3 = 33) 14 7
10 10
14 4
8. Move 2 places to the left. 36
24
↓
12
$2 . 10./
c
↑ 12 1
The answer is 4361 R 12, or 4361 = 4361 , or 4361.5.
24 2
Change from c/ sign at end to $ sign in front.
5 6
210/c = $2.10 19. =
8 x
7 7 5 35 5 · x = 8 · 6 Equating cross products
9. = · = = 35% 5·x 8·6
20 20 5 100 =
10. We can use cross products: 5 5
48 3
x= , or 9
11 4 5 5
11 · 12 = 132 30 · 4 = 120 2 3
20. ·y =
30 12 5 10
3 2 2
Since the cross products are not the same, 132 = 120, we y= ÷ Dividing by
10 5 5
know that the numbers are not proportional.
3 5
y= ·
10 2
2 2 4
11. 2 · = 2 3·5 3·5 5 3
5 2 10 = = = ·
10 · 2 2·5·2 5 2·2
3 3 3
+4 =+4 =
10 10 4
7 3
6 The solution is .
10 4
21. 21.5 · y = 146.2
1
12. 4 1. 0 6 3 0 21.5 · y 146.2
=
+ 3. 5 7 2 1 21.5 21.5
4 4. 6 3 5 1 y = 6.8
14 3 14 3 3 14 9 5 5·1 The solution is 6.8.
13. − = − · = − = = =
15 5 15 5 3 15 15 15 5·3 22. x = 398, 112 ÷ 26
5 1 1
· = x = 15, 312 Carrying out the division
5 3 3
The solution is 15,312.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
152 Chapter 7: Data, Graphs, and Statistics

$2.99 299/c Check. We repeat the calculation. The answer checks.

23. = ≈ 20.6/
c/oz
14.5 oz 14.5 oz State. The average American eats 6.2 lb of peanuts and
24. Familiarize. Let c = the number of students who own a products containing peanuts in one year.
car.
28. Familiarize. Let k = the number of kilowatt-hours, in
Translate.
billions, generated by American utility companies in the
What

number is 55.4% of 6000?
 given year.
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Translate. We add the individual amounts to find k.
c = 55.4% · 6000
k = 1464 + 455 + 273 + 250 + 118 + 12
Solve. We convert 55.4% decimal notation and multiply.
Solve. We carry out the addition.
6 000
× 0. 5 5 4 1 2 2
2 4 000 14
6 4
3 0 0 000 4
5 5
30 0 0 000 2
7 3
3 3 2 4. 0 0 0 2
5 0
1
1 8
Thus, c = 3324.
+ 1 2
Check. We repeat the calculation. The answer checks. 257 2
State. 3324 students own a car. Thus, k = 2572.
25. Familiarize. Let s = the length of each strip, in yards. Check. We repeat the calculation. The answer checks.
Translate. We translate to a division sentence. State. American utility companies generated 2572 billion
3 kilowatt-hours of electricity.
s=1 ÷7
4
Solve. We carry out the division. 29. Familiarize. Let c = the percent of people in the U. S.
3 7 7 1 7·1 7 1 1 who have coronary heart disease, and let h = the percent
s=1 ÷7= ÷7= · = = · = who die of heart attacks each year.
4 4 4 7 4·7 7 4 4
1 7 3 Translate. We translate to two equations. We will ex-
Check. Since 7 · = = 1 , the answer checks. press 509,000 as 0.509 million.
4 4 4
1 7.5 is what percent of 301?
State. Each strip is yd long.
 
4 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
26. Familiarize. Let s = the number of cups of sugar that 7.5 = c · 301
1
should be used for of the recipe.
2 0.509 is what percent of 301?
Translate. We translate to a multiplication sentence.
 
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
1 3
s= · 0.509 = h · 301
2 4
Solve. We carry out the multiplication. Solve. We solve the first equation for c.
1 3 1·3 3 7.5 = c · 301
s= · = =
2 4 2·4 8 7.5 c · 301
=
Check. We repeat the calculation. The answer checks. 301 301
3 1 0.025 ≈ c
State. cup of sugar should be used for of the recipe.
8 2 2.5% ≈ c
27. Familiarize. Let p = the number of pounds of peanuts Next we solve the second equation for h.
and products containing peanuts the average American
0.509 = h · 301
eats in one year.
0.509 h · 301
Translate. We add the individual amounts to find p. =
301 301
p = 2.7 + 1.5 + 1.2 + 0.7 + 0.1 0.002 ≈ h
Solve. We carry out the addition. 0.2% ≈ h
2 Check. 2.5% of 301 is 0.025 · 301 = 7.525 ≈ 7.5; 0.2% of
2. 7 301 is 0.002 · 301 = 0.602 ≈ 0.509. The answers check.
1. 5
1. 2 State. About 2.5% of the people have coronary heart
0. 7 disease, and about 0.2% die of heart attacks each year.
+ 0. 1 30. Familiarize. First we subtract to find the amount of the
6. 2 increase, in billions of dollars.
Thus, p = 6.2.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 7 153

11 Translate. We translate to a proportion.

3 1 10
/
4/. /2 0/ Defective → 4 d ← Defective
=
− 3. 7 2 Total valves → 18 5049 ← Total valves
0. 4 8
Solve.
Now let p = the percent increase. 4 d
=
Translate. 18 5049
0.48 is what percent of 3.72? 4 · 5049 = 18 · d Equating cross products

 
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 4 · 5049 18 · d
=
0.48 = p · 3.72 18 18
1122 =d
Solve.
0.48 = p · 3.72 Check. We substitute 1122 for d in the proportion and
compare the cross products.
0.48 p · 3.72
= 4 1122
3.72 3.72 = ; 4 · 5049 = 20, 196; 18 · 1122 = 20, 196
0.129 ≈ p 18 5049
The cross products are the same so the answer checks.
12.9% ≈ p
State. In a lot of 5049 valves, 1122 could be expected to
Check. 12.9% of $3.72 billion is 0.129 · $3.72 billion = be defective.
$0.47988 billion ≈ $0.48 billion, so the answer checks.
State. The percent increase was about 12.9%. 33. Familiarize. Let c = the cost of each tree.
Cost of Number Total
31. Familiarize. Let b = the fraction of the business owned times is
each tree of trees cost
by the fourth person.
 
 
 
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Fraction Fraction Fraction
c · 22 = 210
owned by plus owned by plus owned by
first person second person third person Solve.

 
 
  c · 22 = 210
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ c · 22 210
1 1 1 =
+ + 22 22
3 4 6
c ≈ 9.55
Fraction One
plus owned by is entire Check. 22 · $9.55 = $210.10 ≈ $210, so the answer checks.
fourth person business State. Each tree cost about $9.55.

 
 
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 34. Commission = Commission rate × Sales
+ b = 1 182 = r × 2600
Solve. We solve the equation.
1 1 1
+ + +b =1 182 = r × 2600
3 4 6
1 4 1 3 1 2 182 r × 2600
· + · + · +b =1 =
3 4 4 3 6 2 2600 2600
4 3 2 0.07 = r
+ + +b =1 7% = r
12 12 12
9 The commission rate is 7%.
+b =1
12
3 35. Find the average:
+b =1
4 The sum of the numbers in the Cost column is $795.57.
3 3 3 We divide by 10 to find the average.
+b−
= 1−
4 4 4 $795.57
= $79.557
1 10
b=
4 Find the median:
1 1 1 1 4 3 2 3 12 The 10 numbers in the table are listed from smallest to
Check. + + + = + + + = = 1,
3 4 6 4 12 12 12 12 12 largest. The median is the average of the two middle num-
so the answer checks.
1 bers, $77.12 and $83.08.
State. The fourth person owns of the business. $77.12 + $83.08 $160.20
4 = = $80.10
2 2
32. Familiarize. Let d = the number of defective valves that
can be expected in a lot of 5049.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
154 Chapter 7: Data, Graphs, and Statistics

36. First indicate the weights on the horizontal scale and label
it “Weight (in pounds).” The costs range from $52.55 to
$104.19. We label the marks on the vertical scale by 10’s,
ranging from 0 to $110, and label the scale Cost of FedEx
Priority Overnight. Finally, draw vertical bars to show the
costs associated with the weights.

$110
100
Priority Overnight

90
Cost of FedEx

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Weight (in pounds)

37. First indicate the weights on the horizontal scale and label
it “Weight (in pounds).” The costs range from $52.55 to
$104.19. We label the marks on the vertical scale by 10’s,
ranging from 0 to $110, and label the scale Cost of FedEx
Priority Overnight. Next, at the appropriate level above
each year, mark the corresponding cost. Finally, draw line
segments connecting the points.
$110
100
Priority Overnight

90
Cost of FedEx

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Weight (in pounds)

38. Average attendance in September:

28 + 23 + 26 + 23 100
= = 25
4 4
Average attendance in October:
26 + 20 + 14 + 28
= 22
4
The average attendance decreased from September to Oc-
tober. We find the amount of the decrease: 25 − 22 = 3.
Now let p = the percent of decrease.
Translate. 3 is what percent of 25?

 
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
3= p · 25
Solve.
3 = p · 25
3 p · 25
=
25 25
0.12 = p
12% = p
Attendance decreased 12% from September to October.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Bomba, the gun burst and laid Casson on his back, while the
wounded anaconda retreated. Bomba had dragged his injured
companion to their cabin and nursed him back to physical health. But
Casson’s head had been injured by the explosion, and from that time
on he was half-demented, though harmless. The lessons ceased
abruptly, and Bomba became the provider and protector of the little
family of two.
Thrown thus early on his own resources, Bomba had developed into
a remarkable physical specimen of boyhood, daring, strong, and
versed in all the craft of the jungle. He was surrounded by daily
perils, to which a weaker nature would have succumbed. Serpents
and wild beasts sought his life. But against them he matched his own
courage and cunning, and had so far survived.
He knew comparatively nothing of the outside world. The jungle filled
his whole horizon. But he knew that he was different from the natives
of that region. Tugging at his heart was the knowledge that he was
white, and he was possessed with a great desire to come in contact
with his own people, to learn of their ways and dwell among them.
He knew that he was out of place where he was. The call of the
blood was strong within him. He had a great longing to know of his
parentage. He had questioned Casson repeatedly on this point, and
the old man had striven in vain to tell him. But his memory had failed
at the critical moment, and all that he could do was to mention the
names “Bartow” and “Laura,” which Bomba concluded must refer to
his parents.
How Bomba met two white rubber hunters, Gillis and Dorn, and won
their gratitude by saving their lives when their camp was attacked at
night by jaguars; how he trapped the cooanaradi when it pursued
him; how he drove off the vultures when they assailed his friends the
monkeys; how the latter came to his aid when the cabin was
besieged by the headhunters—these adventures are told in the first
book of this series, entitled: “Bomba the Jungle Boy; or, The Old
Naturalist’s Secret.”
Although Casson could not himself remember the facts about
Bomba’s parentage, he told him that he could learn all he wanted to
know from Jojasta, the medicine man of the Moving Mountain. It was
a long journey that Bomba had in prospect to reach Jojasta, but the
urge to go was so strong that the lad determined to attempt it. After
beating off another attack of the headhunters, Bomba took Casson
down the river and delivered him to the care of Pipina, an old squaw
for whom he had done many favors, and set out to find Jojasta.
From the very start his journey was beset with dangers from man
and beast, flood and earthquake. He was instrumental in delivering
from the power of the savages a Mrs. Parkhurst, whom he always
referred to in his mind as “the woman with the golden hair.” Later he
found her son, Frank, and in their joint adventures the boys grew
strongly attached to each other, and Frank’s stories of the wonders
of civilization intensified Bomba’s longings to see those things for
himself.
How Bomba was swallowed up in an earthquake and hurled into a
subterranean cavern that promised to become a living tomb; by what
a marvelous combination of nerve and good fortune he reached the
open air and sunlight; how he finally found Jojasta after the latter had
been fatally hurt by the fall of his temple; the partial but not sufficient
information he received from the dying man regarding his parents;
the obstacles he surmounted and the perils he escaped are told in
the preceding volume of this series, entitled: “Bomba the Jungle Boy
at the Moving Mountain; or, The Mystery of the Caves of Fire.”
And now to return to Bomba, as he fights his life-and-death battle
with the snake amid the branches and foliage of the fallen tree, not
daring to make a sound lest he betray his hiding place to the
savages who were hunting for him only a short distance away.
Beneath the scaly skin of the jaracara there was tremendous
muscular power, and this was made more available when the reptile
secured a purchase by wrapping its long body about the boy’s leg.
It squirmed and writhed and twisted, seeking to sink its fangs into the
hands that held it. Its jaws, slavering with poison, were never more
than a few inches from the boy’s flesh. If Bomba’s hands should slip
from that slimy throat ever so little, his doom would be sealed.
The snake knew this and redoubled its exertions. But Bomba knew it
too, and held on with desperation, sinking his powerful fingers
deeper and deeper into the reptile’s throat.
If he could only hold on a little longer!
For time was on his side. The snake, deprived of breath by that
choking grasp, must eventually succumb. Its only chance lay in the
possibility of Bomba’s hands slipping or his nerve failing.
But his hands did not slip nor did his nerve fail.
Gradually the struggles of the snake grew weaker. A glaze began to
steal over the horrid eyes. The grip of its body about the boy’s leg
slowly relaxed. Then at last the reptile straightened out and its head
hung limp.
Bomba still retained his grip for another minute or two to make
assurance doubly sure. Then, when no doubt remained, he threw the
reptile to the ground and with one stroke of his machete cut off its
head.
Only then did he sink down on the ground, panting and exhausted.
The tax had been a tremendous one, not only on his muscles but
also on his nerves. He had seldom been brought more closely face
to face with death.
But he had conquered, and a tingle of exultation ran through his
veins. He cast a glance of disgust at the grinning head of his dead
foe, and then turned his attention to the human enemies without.
The struggle had been carried on in such silence that it had not
attracted their attention. They were still at some distance, beating the
bushes for their prey and uttering exclamations of disappointment
and chagrin.
It was too much to hope, however, that sooner or later their attention
would not be drawn toward the tree, and Bomba held himself
prepared for that eventuality.
He wiped his knife on the foliage and restored it to his belt. Then,
with his revolver held ready for action, he crouched low in the hollow
and waited.
He could hear the savages coming nearer and nearer. The crackling
of the bushes and their guttural conversation became more distinct.
Then the branches of the tree were pushed aside and a ray of light
shot through!
 CHAPTER III
IN THE NICK OF TIME

Bomba caught a glimpse of half a dozen brawny forms and brutal

faces and dropped at once into the hollow so that he was wholly
concealed.
A pang stabbed his heart as he noted the number of his enemies.
Against so many he could not hope to conquer, if it came to a fight.
He might bring down one or two, possibly three, but the others would
overcome him.
But his stout heart refused to quail. He had the advantage of
position. He could see them outlined against the light more readily
than they could discover him in the darkness. He could at least have
the satisfaction of selling his life dearly.
Several of the savages crowded in among the foliage, pushing the
branches and leaves aside so that light could penetrate.
But the light was dim, though strong enough to show the outline of
the giant trunk. To the peering eyes of the savages, it seemed to be
lying flat on the ground, and they failed to discern the hollow
underneath. As far as they could see there was no one hiding there.
“Not here,” grunted one of them, already weary with previous effort in
searching the bushes.
Bomba’s heart leaped at this indication of giving up the search. But it
sank again when a voice that had authority in it said:
“Go in farther. Make sure.”
Grumblingly the men obeyed, and Bomba could hear them coming
nearer. He tightened his hold on the revolver.
Suddenly there was a shriek of fright, and one of the savages
jumped a foot into the air. Then he made a break for the open,
shouting:
“Snake! Snake!”
His comrades followed, rushing with frantic, headlong haste into the
clearing.
In a flash, Bomba, the jungle boy, comprehended what had
happened. The intruder had stepped on the soft, yielding body of the
dead serpent and had jumped to the conclusion that it was alive.
Naturally, he had not waited to investigate, but had leaped out of the
reach of the supposedly deadly fangs.
Now he stood outside the mass of branches and was jabbering
excitedly as he told of his narrow escape.
The examination of that particular mass of branches stopped then
and there. The men were reasonably certain, anyway, that their
hoped-for victim was not there, and they were perfectly content to
leave the snake in undisturbed possession.
Bomba could hear them moving farther and farther off until at last the
sound of their footsteps and voices died away in the distance.
He could scarcely believe in his good fortune. He had steeled
himself for the conflict that seemed almost inevitable and from which
he had not expected to emerge alive.
The coming of the snake, which had filled him with horror, had really
proved a blessing. Living, it had tried to kill him. Dead, it had helped
to save him.
Bomba lay in the hollow perfectly still for some time, fearing that his
enemies might return. But when an hour had passed without any
sound to alarm him, he ventured cautiously to creep toward the edge
of the pile of branches and look about.
His keen eyes scanned the jungle in every direction, but could
discern no trace of his enemies. He had known from the sound of
their retreating footsteps that they were not between him and his
goal. They had gone in the direction that he had already traversed.
That special group, at least, would now be in the rear of him instead
of in front.
This conclusion was confirmed when Doto dropped down from a
tree, where his sharp eyes had noted all that had happened, and
rubbed up against Bomba, chattering his delight.
“They have gone then, Doto?” asked Bomba, as he slung his bow
over his shoulder. “They are far away?”
The monkey chattered an affirmative and pointed back of them.
“It is well,” said Bomba. “I must go fast now to reach Casson. You
saved Bomba’s life, Doto. If you had not pulled him down the arrow
would have found him. Doto is good, and Bomba will not forget.”
A gratified look came into the monkey’s eyes. He wanted to go along
with Bomba, but the latter did not think it best.
“You stay here, Doto,” he said, as he gently released his arm from
the monkey’s hold. “Bomba will soon see you again.”
Then, as the affectionate animal seemed a little crestfallen, the boy
added:
“But you can keep watch, and if you see the men with black hearts
coming after Bomba, you must come and tell him. You can go faster
through the trees than they can through the jungle.”
Doto seemed to understand, and with a last pat of his paw shinned
up the nearest tree. Bomba knew that he had left behind him a
vigilant and faithful sentinel.
A glance at the sun told the boy that it was already afternoon, and
that he must hasten if he were to reach the cabin of Pipina before
the shadows of night closed about him.
So he started off at a rapid pace, employing all his woodsmanship to
avoid obstacles and steer as straight a course as possible. For a part
of the way there were woodland trails, and then he made good time.
When he could, which was often, he jumped over the thickets
instead of hacking his way through them, leaping into the air as
lightly as a deer and landing softly on the other side.
Before long he was on familiar ground, and knew that he was
reaching the cabin where he and Casson had lived for so many
years. It had been burned during the last foray of the headhunters,
and was now uninhabitable. But all that Bomba had ever known of
home was bound up in it.
So a certain melancholy pleasure warmed his heart as he came out
into the clearing and looked at the part of the smoke-blackened wall
that remained standing. Without being conscious of it, tears stood in
his eyes, and he vowed that he would rebuild when the headhunters
should have removed their dreaded presence from the jungle.
But he had no time now to indulge in reflections. A hasty search of
the river bank revealed his canoe in the tree-hung inlet where he had
hidden it.
He untied it, sent it with a push into the middle of the stream, and
began paddling down the river.
It was a long journey, but his powerful arms sent the canoe whizzing
along at a great pace. The current was with him, and he knew that,
barring accidents, he would reach the hut of Pipina before dark.
But “accidents,” he had come to learn, were almost daily
occurrences in the jungle, and he did not abate a jot of his vigilance,
his keen eyes keeping on the lookout everywhere—at the water for
snags or alligators, at either shore for animal or human enemies, on
the trees that overhung the stream for lurking anacondas.
But though always on the alert, his subconscious mind was busy
with thoughts of his recent journey and of that which was to come.
Would the latter be more satisfactory than the former? Would
Sobrinini complete the story regarding the mystery of his parentage
that Jojasta had left so incomplete?
Who was Sobrinini? What did she know? And even if she did know,
what would she tell?
Did Casson know her? Would the mention of her name unlock the
door of his memory, that door that he had tried so desperately but
fruitlessly to open?
But here Bomba’s questioning stopped as the thought came to him
that perhaps there would be no Casson to tell him anything. The old
naturalist had been so weak and frail when he had left him! His hold
on life had been so slender! Perhaps the thread had already
snapped.
The thought was an agonizing one to Bomba, and spurred him to
such efforts that the paddle swept in a wide semicircle as he
propelled his slight craft through the water.
At such a rate of speed did he travel that long before he had
expected he found himself in the vicinity of his goal.
When he realized that Pipina’s cabin lay beyond a turn of the river
just ahead, Bomba slackened speed. His habitual caution, bred of
long years in the jungle, asserted itself. He wanted to inspect the
cabin before approaching it.
So, despite his impatience, he rested from his paddling and let the
craft drift with the current until he rounded the bend.
What he saw then made him dip his paddle deep and send the
canoe in frantic haste toward the shore.
Before the door of the cabin crouched a huge puma, preparing for a
spring through the doorway!
 CHAPTER IV
A TERRIFIC STRUGGLE

At sight of the crouching brute, Bomba shouted with all his might.
The beast turned at the shout, fangs bared and eyes flashing with
rage, to meet the newcomer. Then, with its tail lashing its flanks, it
advanced toward the river bank.
At the same moment a roar came from within the cabin. And with the
roar was blended the scream of a woman in mortal terror.
As the canoe approached the bank, Bomba fitted an arrow to his
string, drew it to the head and let it go.
The haste with which he shot and the motion of the boat disturbed
his aim, so that it just grazed the animal’s head, inflicting a slight
flesh wound, but no mortal injury.
But the pain inflamed the puma’s rage, and as the canoe had now
come within a few feet of the bank, it prepared to spring.
But just as it was about to launch itself into the air a second arrow
from Bomba’s bow struck fair to its heart.
With a fearful howl the beast rolled over and over for a moment, then
straightened out and lay still.
With scarcely a second glance at his dead adversary, Bomba leaped
on the bank and started to run toward the cabin.
The hut consisted of two rooms, a larger one in the front and a much
smaller one in the rear. A flimsy door with one rope hinge broken
connected the two.
In the swift glance he sent inside as he reached the outer doorway,
Bomba saw no trace of human occupants.
What he did see was a puma, larger than the one he had slain
outside, clawing at the inner door between the two rooms and at
times hurling its huge body against the door. It was a dilapidated
door at the best, and would long since have yielded to the beast’s
attack had it not been for some barriers placed against it on the other
side.
Bomba took in the situation in an instant. Pipina had seen the beasts
approaching and, taking Casson with her, had retreated to the inner
room, shut the door, and piled against it whatever furniture she could
gather in her frantic haste.
But that it was pitifully inadequate was apparent at a glance. Already
there were breaks in the door that the puma was trying to enlarge
with its claws so that it could push its body through. From the other
side of the door came the frantic screams of Pipina, seeing death so
near at hand.
In a flash Bomba fitted an arrow to his bow and let it go. It struck the
puma in the shoulder, inflicting a serious wound but not enough to
cripple it.
With a roar of rage the brute turned to meet its new enemy. With one
spring it was at the door.
The movement had been so lightning fast that Bomba had no time to
shoot again. His only salvation lay in flight.
Turning, he ran like a deer toward the river bank, hoping to regain
his canoe and push out into the stream. But even as he did so he felt
that it was hopeless. He was fleet, but the puma was fleeter. Before
he could reach the water it would be upon him.
Just then he saw out of the corner of his eye a third puma coming
with giant bounds into the clearing. Then indeed he gave himself up
for lost.
He drew his knife, determined to die fighting. That he was about to
die he had no doubt.
But just as he felt the hot breath of his pursuer on his neck there was
a terrific snarling behind him and the impact of huge bodies.
He glanced behind him and his flight suddenly halted.
The two great pumas were locked in deadly combat, clawing and
biting, rolling over and over as each sought to get a grip on the
other’s throat.
It was a battle of Titans, and Bomba looked on with amazement that
was transformed into an expression of delight as he recognized the
last comer.
“Polulu!” he exclaimed. “Good Polulu! He has come to Bomba’s
help.”
He circled about the combatants, seeking to get in a thrust with his
knife that might decide the battle in favor of the friendly puma. But
the fight was so fast and furious that he was as likely to wound one
as the other.
But Polulu needed no help. His weight and courage finally told.
Before long he succeeded in getting the throat hold he was seeking,
and then the end was only a matter of a few moments.
But it had been a terrible fight, and after Polulu had risen from the
body of his dead adversary he was hardly able to move. He
staggered away a few paces, and then lay down panting and
exhausted.
Bomba let him rest awhile, and then went up to him and caressed
the great, shaggy head.
“Polulu is a good friend,” he said gratefully. “It is not the first time he
has saved Bomba’s life. There is no one in the jungle as big and
strong as Polulu.”
The puma tried to purr, and licked the hand that fondled him.
Their strange friendship was of long standing. It dated from the time
when Bomba had come across the puma trapped by a tree in the
jungle, that had fallen upon the animal and broken its leg. The boy of
the jungle had been stirred to pity at the creature’s distress. He had
released him from the weight that held him, bound up the broken leg,
and brought him food and drink.
By the time Polulu, as Bomba named the puma, had fully recovered,
a strong attachment had grown up between the oddly assorted pair.
Their paths often crossed in the forest, and more than once the great
beast had saved Bomba from serious danger. Now, once more, he
had come to the rescue when the lad was at the last extremity.
Leaving the animal to lick its wounds, Bomba hastened to the hut. Its
inmates had no inkling of what had happened except that for some
mysterious reason the attacks upon the door had ceased. The
screams of the woman had given place to moaning.
“Pipina! Casson!” shouted Bomba. “It is Bomba calling. The pumas
are dead. Open the door.”
Again there came a scream, but this time it was one of delight. There
was a hurried removal of the barriers on the other side of the door,
and then the old squaw came rushing out and threw her arms about
Bomba’s neck, crying and laughing in the same breath.
Behind her came Cody Casson, his steps slow and uncertain,
looking so frail that it seemed as though a zephyr would have blown
him away, but with an affectionate welcome in his faded eyes.
But he was still alive, and at that moment nothing else mattered.
Dear Casson! Good old Casson! There were tears in Bomba’s eyes
as he rushed forward and folded the old man in his embrace.
The two were roused by a shriek from Pipina, who had gone to the
doorway and now came rushing back in terror.
“There is another puma there!” she cried. “He is bigger that the
others! Quick! Let us get behind the door again.”
Bomba spoke to her soothingly and with a smile.
“He is not like the others,” he said. “He is Bomba’s friend. I killed one
puma but he killed the other. I will bring him here, and you will see.”
But Pipina, despite Bomba’s assurances, had no desire for an
introduction to the giant puma, and shook her head decidedly, the
while she muttered prayers to her gods.
So Bomba had to be content with bringing out a haunch of meat and
sitting beside Polulu and talking to him, while the latter munched
away contentedly. Then the great beast rose, stretched himself,
rubbed his head against Bomba’s hand, and departed again for his
haunts in the jungle.
They had a great feast that night, for Pipina displayed all her skill in
making a fitting celebration of the wanderer’s return.
Bomba was almost famished, and ate greedily while Pipina beamed
with smiles at his tribute to her cooking. The lad was glad to see also
that Casson had a better appetite than he had had when Bomba had
left him. It was evident that Pipina had taken good care of him.
But though the old naturalist had improved physically, there was no
change for the better in his mental condition. Bomba studied him
during the meal and grieved to see that his mind was still weak and
wandering. Would that closed door in his mind never open?
When the meal was finished and Pipina was busy with clearing away
the food that was left and performing her simple household tasks,
Bomba sat down beside Casson and told the story of his journey.
Casson listened, holding Bomba’s brown hand affectionately in his
weak, worn one, happy beyond words to have the boy back again
with him. But it was with difficulty that the old man kept the thread of
the story. At times he would interpose vague, irrelevant questions
that showed how hard it was for him to understand.
“I saw Jojasta,” said Bomba, “but it was too late. He was dying. A
pillar of the temple fell on him. And then the earth opened and
swallowed him.”
“Jojasta? Jojasta?” repeated Casson, in a puzzled way. “Oh, yes, he
was the medicine man of the Moving Mountain. But why did you
want to see Jojasta?”
“Don’t you remember?” asked Bomba. “You told me that if I saw him
he could tell me about my father and mother.”
“Father and mother,” murmured Casson, and lapsed into silence,
during which he seemed to be cudgeling his poor, disordered brain
to make it yield up its secrets.
“He thought I was Bartow when he saw me,” went on Bomba.
At the name the old man brightened.
“Bartow!” he exclaimed. “I have heard that name.”
“Is he my father?” asked Bomba eagerly.
Casson tried desperately to remember.
“I—I don’t know,” he said at last piteously.
Bomba’s heart sank, but he tried again.
“I asked him about Laura, too,” he went on, watching Casson
narrowly.
“Laura, dear sweet Laura,” murmured the old man with emotion,
tears coming to his eyes.
“Who is she? Where is she? Oh, tell me, Casson!” Bomba begged,
with all his heart in his voice.
“She is—she is—oh, why is it that I cannot remember?” exclaimed
Casson in desperation.
“Jojasta knew. Jojasta could have told you,” the old man went on
after a pause. “But you say that he is dead.”
“He is dead,” replied Bomba. “But before he died he told me that
Sobrinini——”
Then came a startling interruption.
 CHAPTER V
TERRIBLE JAWS

At the mention of Sobrinini’s name Cody Casson sprang to his feet,

his weakness temporarily banished, and began to dance around the
room, singing in a cracked, treble voice “la, la, la!” over and over
again. Not until he was exhausted did he cease his gyrations and
sink quivering into his chair.
Bomba watched the sudden transformation with consternation and
alarm. What did this strange outbreak mean?
But he forebore to question until Casson ceased trembling and
became once more like his customary self. Then the boy leaned
toward the old man and said gently:
“I was talking about Sobrinini.” Again the old man started, but did not
rise. Bomba went on:
“Jojasta told me to go to Sobrinini, she of the Pilati tribe beyond the
Giant Cataract, to find out about my father and mother.”
“Yes, Nini ought to know,” muttered Casson. “She ought to know.”
“Who is Sobrinini and why should she know?” asked Bomba.
But Casson did not answer. He sat, muttering incoherently, and
seemed so tired from his recent excitement that Bomba was afraid to
press the matter further.
So he tried to calm the old man’s agitation and a little while later
assisted him into his hammock where he almost immediately fell
asleep.
Bomba himself got into his own hammock and tried to sleep. But
although he was dead tired, he found himself for a long time unable
to close his eyes.
He tossed restlessly about, his mind in a tumult of unanswered
questions. Why was it that Casson had betrayed such intense
excitement at the mention of Sobrinini’s name? Why had he referred
to her as Nini? That sounded to Bomba like a pet name, implying
long acquaintance and familiarity. Why did he indulge in that wild
fantastic dance and singing?
One thing was reasonably certain. It was hopeless to count much on
Casson. The disjointed words that his questioning had brought from
the old man could not be pieced together so as to give him any
reliable information.
So he must go to Sobrinini, must face all the dangers that would
inevitably await him in that long journey to the Giant Cataract. The
thought of abandoning his quest did not even occur to him. The urge
to find out about his parentage was, if possible, stronger than it had
been before. No difficulties could daunt or deter him.
With his determination firmly fixed in his mind, he fell at last into an
uneasy slumber.
He found plenty of work awaiting him when he woke in the morning.
In the first place, he had to replace the door that had been so nearly
shattered by the puma, so that Casson and Pipina could have better
protection, if exposed to similar dangers in the future.
He spent much time and labor on this, and when a stout door was at
last completed, together with a heavy bar that could be dropped into
place, he felt much easier in his mind.
Then there was the problem of provisioning the cabin during his
coming absence. Though Casson and Pipina had had plenty while
he was gone, their stock was now greatly depleted and needed
replenishing. So he planned to spend several days in the jungle in
order to bring them home plenty of meat. This would be cured by
Pipina and would keep indefinitely.
It was bright and early one morning that he bade Casson and the
woman farewell and set out for his hunting trip in the jungle.
So far as he could learn, the headhunters had left that district. He
hoped they would stay away a long time, preferably forever.
He had not gone far before Kiki and Woowoo, the friendly parrots,
fluttered from the trees and dropped one on each shoulder. A little
later Doto joined him together with other monkeys, so that he was
soon the center of a group of birds and animals, all competing for a
word or a pat of the hand.
He talked to them, and they chattered back. Then he took out his
harmonica and played for them, to their great delight. So much did
the lonely boy enjoy converse with those who loved him that it was
with reluctance he finally sent them away, so that he could go on
with his hunting.
Two hours passed without anything coming in range of his weapons
save small creatures that he disdained to notice. He was after larger
game, preferably a tapir, a creature as large as a calf, whose meat
was succulent and nourishing. A single one of these would furnish
meat enough for a month.
So he turned his steps toward a large river where he knew these
animals were likely to be found.
For a long time he had no luck. The sun reached its zenith and
dropped down toward the western sky. There were plenty of tracks,
but it was mid-afternoon before he caught a glimpse of what he
sought.
Then, coming out from a fringe of trees not far from the river’s edge,
he saw a large tapir browsing on the bank.
It offered an easy target, and Bomba fitted an arrow to his bow. But
unfortunately the wind was blowing toward the tapir and carried
Bomba’s scent with it.
The animal looked up, saw Bomba, and without an instant’s
hesitation plunged into the river.
Ordinarily that would have ended Bomba’s chances, for the tapir can
swim for a long distance under water. His game, therefore, could
easily have got beyond bowshot before it would have been
compelled to come to the surface for air.
The boy gave an exclamation of vexation, which was checked,
however, as his eyes, ranging up and down the river bank, caught
sight of a canoe drawn up among some sedge grass near the shore.
No doubt it belonged to a native who had left it there while he made
a trip into the jungle.
Bomba ran to it, untied it, seized the paddle, and pushed out into the
stream, following as nearly as he could guess the direction that the
tapir had taken.
But a stern chase is a long chase, as Bomba soon found. When the
tapir did come to the surface, it was a long way from where Bomba
imagined it would be, and before he had come within range of it the
beast had gone under again.
But Bomba’s second guess proved a better one, and the next time
the tapir came to the surface the boy was within ten feet of it.
Bomba dropped his paddle and seized his weapon. The bow
twanged.
The arrow penetrated to the heart of the animal, and it died almost
without a struggle.
Seizing a rope that lay in the bottom of the canoe, Bomba made a
noose and threw it around the head and shoulders of the tapir,
securing it before it could sink. Then he tied the other end of the rope
to the canoe, and set out for the shore, towing his quarry behind him.
It was an arduous task, for the tapir weighed several hundred
pounds, and Bomba made slow progress through the water. But his
heart was exultant, for he had bagged his game. His day had not
been fruitless.
His progress was checked suddenly, so suddenly that he was thrown
on his back on the bottom of the canoe.
He scrambled to his feet and looked back, thinking that the body of
the tapir might have caught on a snag. At what he saw his heart
almost stopped beating.
It was no snag that had checked the progress of the canoe.
A monster alligator, the cayman of the Amazon region, was tugging
at the tapir, from which it had already torn a piece of the flank.
Then, as Bomba looked, the water was broken in several places by
the horrid snouts and hideous jaws of other caymen, that had
smelled the blood of the tapir and were hastening to have their share
of the feast.
Bomba’s first feeling was that of chagrin at losing his prey. But this
gave way at once to an overpowering sense of his own danger.
Those great jaws tearing at the tapir were sure to upset the canoe.
He must cut the rope.
He drew his machete, sprang to the stern, and commenced to hack
madly at the rope. Before he could cut through a single strand, there
was a terrific jerk, the canoe turned over, and Bomba was thrown
into the river.
By this time the river was swarming with alligators!