CH AP TER No.

o9 ( F Sc - r)
\1

"°PAST PAPER SHORT I

,,
,Q oe,s boos
7
1) Whal: ore zeotrnpic and ozeol:copic mixtoces
/J

IY1 ix}; v re.s

C

Zeol:eopic.
lbe m·,x tores wbicb d,s)-,l wi ~h the cbaoge

u
Azeo tropic l'v1 ;,dur:es
The roixb2res which boil at coosta@b temperature and
d,£.til ov er w°d::hovl: · cbcrn9e ·,o corniposi~ioo at _O.JJ~_ - - -

teropern\:ore are cnll,ed , o.:zeotcopic r, m·,x!ores _____ _

Foe E~c>irnp}e · HCl aad wal:e c ---- - - ---

2.) . D.eline _ wa~er ot· cr~stnlL-zo.t-ion . willL.e_LQOJ.ple ?.

lbe :\t.\/Oter molernles !copped · dur;og the . p.ro_c_esc.,.,____
oi cc~da.ffizaliOrL__arp caned waler at ,c-°d£tu\lizatioo .
r or Exa I,

Bocox - Na 2 8~ 01 · lo 1-hO
G~psom - Co SQy · 2 H2 0
Epsom sa\t - \Vl~S04 -1.1-h """---- - - -- - - -
,- coo 2- • 21-LO
I I

ot C}-h COONa is ba sic ?

\\-oro the wa ~e 1 oaa foe solulioo becomes ___Q_c) _d ic due Lo

lfee H-½ ·,ons . CH 3 COO l\lo. oo disso\v·n1~ io vvater toke
 --
\-\+ Jons
lrom ~be wale, oa<l tbe solv!ioo becoarns ba sic
due ~Q lcee OH ioos

W'oa l are calli~aLve pcopedies aod v10.me tbem ?

Det·,ml:ian :
l})e pcope rbe.s wh;ch depe:od 11 poo Jhe no ot
--~t.ne so)ol:e pnd.ic\es are rn\)ed the co \ligaLve properLies
tor Exorople ;
;) I ower1n~ o \/oprnn- Pre£<iol2cP

'ii) Osmo t,c Press;m:e

5) ~'ru:d: is, dStereoce oe~weeo h1Jdrnhao aJJ d___ b~drnlljSis'

ll I-\ YDRATJON J)

lbe process ·, o wh,cb wa !er mo\eco les SO[ [Q(JQ d aod

\n}eracl: w·,lh sal12le po,d 1cl es ·,s ccd led b~drnLon
!\\de : Ik \PfOO()ce oeul:ca\ solo Laa
Far Exorop\e : !\lnCl io wo,~e,
ll JJ

HYDROl y SIS
JEe decaropos1boo ot a campaoad bid reocbao wi!b
)Nater \o which woJer ·,ts.elf is decomposed is called
_ __,_\,-~~'\-"~U..·,s'"'-.'- - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
1::Jate · 1~ proc\Dces acidic or ho.si c so\oLoo
[oc [,,;ample :
=
6) De£ioe Coa11i9n~e
J --- -- "' PI uhoos
0
wd.h examples
DeLoi~ion :
On sbakio~ eq, uo\ vol uroe,c. o £ two pacball
)a~ecs ore formed Ea.cb Liqu;d
so)oboo at l:be other lirJ,(Jid
Socb so\o bans ore co\led coo112cJale s.:oluliaos
bomp\es :
Phena\ "Noter · s1d sbem .

N 'icobne waler s1dsLero

\J\J a le, - ether s~stem

1) De~\oe Cr: bca)

1 so\atioo oc Uppec coosola }.e temperntvce

\be ~empernLn:e , a~ wh.icb . two coo ~.µ.,U-4.1~0.....L..ce_ _ __

sa\oha:os merge ,nto onP OY1ollier i's. co\led c rib col
sa)nbao or oppec co:osolole tempemtore
For Exarop\es ·.
1) \J\/alec - Ao·,\die s1y;lero · hos cciLcol · -solnbao tempera Lure
o~ ) 6J-o ° C \blilli coroposilio:D l S- '/. waler aod aoi\;oe <?S- ;.

_ ~eroperahffe o~ 49·1 °C wilh compos· bioO 29 ,. melhc:020! ard

1

- 7 1 /. ci~c\ohexaDe
--3) Pbeoa\·-Wcd-ec s1~sl:eoo ha~ cobcal solvLao tempernl12ce -oP
_ 6s.g 0 c w"ilb coropos·,boo 34'1. ?'beoal aod 66/. waler.
iPF•- re-

~) V'J bi1 \/opar Pressore at o. so)oboo is -Jess l-hao pore

so\veo r. 1

Wben Some ·,mp12r',~~ ,s gaaed l-o a so\veot tbe

'i-oterroo\ ecol or \orces cbooges ood tbe Q bi\i}~ 0£ lne
~010·,09 eoec9~ decceGses . s;oJ
pnrhcles )-a escape bt3
\Jopoor Pressm:e decreases

7
' q) De t"ioe the terro pods pee mi ))j oo ( ppro)
1he norobec a~ pads ( 'n~ weigh~ or volume) ot o. so lute
per ff\',\)\ov pads ( b~ weight or voltJroe) ot the soluhon
are co\) eo
,.ports per mi \\ion 6Pp01)
Jroporta:oce : lhis oo·, t is usec\ , Sor · ver~ low cof>ceoJ.caLaos
o} satuboo
For Fxooople . ~__ex_p_c.ess J\-Je. ·,m..pur',t\e.s oF so bdaoce.s... ._._,,HJ_ _ _

wolec ,

6
ppro l\/\ass o~ Salute x )0

IVl@SS at Sol11t,m'.'J

7
I c) De~we l<' b a:o d l<£
M01AZ 8oILIN6z PocNI CoNSIAN1
Jbe roo lo\ bai\ioq pa>a l rorslooL ( el:i11llio sr op1c maslao ,J 1< b
iG cbe rabo ol elevafioo io bo·,\;09 po',OC bo roololittJ
lJn,/:s · °C per roa\o\ ( °C · m-)
j\j J.e : T~s voloe depends. 01200 tbe ooh 1ce a£ solvent ·
0
Ear b;ooJple , Tue val"e 0£ k'b blr waler is o.S:2 •cJm
 1Y1otAL - FREEZ-INGi , PoINI CoNsTANT

oc ·' I

/)

_Conb<lu.oos Solobi)J~ Curves:

t D,s cool,onovs S.oh,b>l•l~ O,rvP§ -r
r- -- - - -~C~o~n~fi~Y1~n~o~o~s~ ~~~0Mlc~>b~i!!li:ft.~H~~c~2c~ve~s6--_ ___!._._ ____.:.___.__ _ _ __

.,
' '
1. I

t=----l--T- - - -
I 0lf 3
 D·,sconrINooos . Soweru IY Corvss
Ih hos ups aod dowfls corves due l-o phase cbooge

for r.=::xa01ple ·
Ca Cb . 6 Hi O sbnu> tb i s co rve do e • lo Loss ol
\l\JOlec D~ ccusLallizo.Lon

T
• .. ••.• • _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _c......._ _ - -- - - · - -• ·

1'2) Di'Sso \o bao o~ \<'Cl aod \\\0.1 SOy io wa tee give neocrnl

D,ssol12bao ot l<.C I aod I\\ U2 804 ,o wa l:.er ~ive

nenlco\ so\u Loo be canse bhe~ 01:::e uoab\ e l:o accep~

o. OH or H+ tcom vvo ler So, tbe s.o\oiiotJ will be