Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basic Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences 7Th Edition Heiman Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Basic Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences 7Th Edition Heiman Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. If there is a relationship between “income” and “happiness,” then as the amount of income increases,
the amount of happiness
a. also increases.
b. decreases.
c. stays the same.
d. changes in some consistent manner.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 136
93
6. If we calculate a correlation coefficient and we find that there is a relationship between the two
variables, we
a. know that the data must be interval or ratio.
b. know, without referring to the study, that a correlational design was used.
c. can conclude that changes in one variable cause changes in the other variable.
d. cannot conclude that changes in one variable cause changes in the other variable.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 137
7. Professor Johnston has found a strong positive correlation between wearing neckties and the frequency
of strokes (r = 0.89). He thinks that the necktie reduces blood flow to the brain, preventing the brain
from receiving enough oxygen. Professor Johnston and his associates claim to have proven that
wearing neckties causes strokes. What error has Professor Johnston made?
a. An r = 0.89 is not a very large r-value.
b. Professor Johnston is drawing a causal conclusion from correlational findings.
c. Not everyone who wears a necktie wears it very tight.
d. Professor Johnston should know that there are other ways for blood to reach the brain.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 137
8. Using a correlational design, a researcher found a relationship between the healthiness of one’s heart
and the amount of fish oil in one’s diet. The researcher should conclude that
a. a healthier heart causes one to consume more fish oil.
b. the amount of fish oil in one’s diet causes a healthier heart.
c. although a relationship exists, one cannot infer that changes in one variable are causing
changes in the other variable.
d. the availability of fish causes changes in both the healthiness of one’s heart and the
amount of fish oil consumed.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: p. 137
10. We should do a scatterplot of the data when we compute a correlation because the scatterplot allows us
to
a. see the relationship between the two variables.
b. determine the exact value of the correlation coefficient.
c. determine whether a relationship is likely to exist in the population from which the sample
is taken.
d. predict accurate Y scores for known X scores.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 139
11. When plotting correlational data, the appropriate graph to use is the
a. line graph. c. histogram.
b. bar graph. d. scatterplot.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 138
94
12. To know whether there is a relationship between two variables, you draw a line around the outer edges
of a scatterplot. If there is a negative relationship,
a. the scatterplot is simultaneously elliptical and circular.
b. the scatterplot is elliptical and is slanted upward (left to right).
c. the scatterplot is elliptical and is slanted downward (left to right).
d. the scatterplot is either circular or elliptical, and the ellipse is parallel to the X axis.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 140
14. In general, a positive correlation means that as the values of one variable _____, there is a tendency for
the values of the other variable to _____.
a. increase; increase c. increase; remain the same
b. increase; decrease d. decrease; increase
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 140
16. “The more you save, the less you spend” describes
a. a positive linear correlation. c. no correlation.
b. a negative linear correlation. d. a nonlinear correlation.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 140
17. “The bigger they are, the harder they fall” describes
a. a positive linear correlation. c. no correlation.
b. a negative linear correlation. d. a nonlinear correlation.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p.140
95
18. What type of relationship does the following regression line represent?
19. “The self-confidence of a group of students is positively correlated with their chances of getting
through the course.” What does this statement mean?
a. The students will pass the course if they can be made to be self-confident.
b. The chances of passing the course tend to increase as the self-confidence scores of the
students increase.
c. The chances of passing the course tend to decrease as the self-confidence scores of the
students increase.
d. Passing the course will make the students self-confident.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p. 140
20. What type of relationship does the following regression line represent?
96
21. What kind of relationship is depicted in the following graph?
97
24. What kind of relationship is depicted in the following graph?
25. The strength of a relationship is indicated by the extent to which _____ paired with one and only one
individual value of the _____ variable.
a. many values of the Y variable are; X c. the entire range of the Y variable is; X
b. many values of the X variable are; Y d. one value of the Y variable is; X
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 142
26. Which of the following r-values indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
a. +0.65 c. +0.10
b. −0.89 d. −0.10
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 142
27. Which of the following r-values indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?
a. +0.45 c. +0.03
b. −0.30 d. −0.45
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 142
98
29. Which of the following studies represents the weakest relationship?
a. Study A c. Study C
b. Study B d. Cannot determine
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: p. 142
30. When the correlation coefficient representing the relationship between X and Y is intermediate, then all
of the following are true except
a. there is not a perfectly consistent association.
b. there are different Y scores associated with a single X score.
c. prediction of Y from a known X score has some error.
d. all data points fall on the regression line.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 145
32. Professor Miller has found that the correlation between a person’s “need for affiliation” (found by
taking a test to determine the need to be with others) and the number of hours spent watching
television is −0.69. He should conclude that
a. as we observe people with higher and higher need for affiliation, we see a tendency for
those people to spend less and less time watching television.
b. there is not much of a relationship between the two variables because the r is negative.
c. as we observe people with higher and higher need for affiliation, we see a tendency for
those people to spend more and more time watching television.
d. the people who watch more television tend to have more need to be around others.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 145
99
33. Professor Helgin has found that the correlation between the length of a person’s index finger and the
person’s IQ is −0.11. He should conclude that
a. as the length of the index finger goes up, there is a fairly strong tendency for a person to
have a lower IQ.
b. there is no relationship between the two variables because the r is negative.
c. we can be confident in predicting that people with high IQs will tend to have long index
fingers.
d. there is a very weak relationship between the length of the index finger and IQ because r is
nearly 0.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: p. 145
100
36. What type of relationship does the following regression line represent?
37. Which correlation coefficient should we use if we want to find out whether a relationship exists
between two variables that are both interval or ratio variables?
a. The Pearson correlation coefficient
b. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
c. The point-biserial correlation coefficient
d. The nonlinear correlation coefficient
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 147
38. What statistic should be used to find out whether there is a relationship between years of education and
annual income?
a. The Pearson correlation coefficient
b. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
c. The point-biserial correlation coefficient
d. The nonlinear correlation coefficient
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 147
39. What statistic should be used to find out whether there is a relationship between hours spent
participating in sports and GPA?
a. The Pearson correlation coefficient
b. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
c. The point-biserial correlation coefficient
d. The nonlinear correlation coefficient
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 148
101
40. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data.
a. −0.07 c. +0.49
b. +0.95 d. +0.23
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p. 148
41. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data, assuming X is an interval
variable and Y is a ratio variable.
a. −0.65 c. +0.40
b. +0.09 d. +0.59
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: p. 148
42. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data.
a. –0.92 c. –0.06
b. –0.37 d. +0.75
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 148
102
43. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data.
a. –0.97 c. +0.11
b. –0.39 d. +0.57
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 148
44. As a part of her Master’s Degree thesis in Geology, Candice needs to calculate a correlation coefficient
between the amount of rainfall (measured in inches) and the height of the ground water table
(measured in inches) in various parts of the continental U.S. Which formula should she use for this
calculation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
45. Which correlation coefficient should we use if we want to find out whether a relationship exists
between two variables that represent pairs of ordinal scores?
a. The Pearson correlation coefficient
b. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
c. The point-biserial correlation coefficient
d. The nonlinear correlation coefficient
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 151
103
46. Suppose a researcher has trained two observers to rank participants according to their level of
frustration when trying to solve a puzzle. What statistic should be used to determine the extent to
which the two observers agree in their rankings of frustration?
a. The Pearson correlation coefficient
b. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
c. The point-biserial correlation coefficient
d. The nonlinear correlation coefficient
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 151
47. What statistic should be used to find out whether there is a relationship between high school class rank
and first-semester college GPA rank?
a. The Pearson correlation coefficient
b. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
c. The point-biserial correlation coefficient
d. The nonlinear correlation coefficient
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 151
48. Which correlation coefficient should we use if we want to find out whether a relationship exists
between scores from one interval variable and one ordinal variable?
a. The Pearson correlation coefficient
b. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
c. The point-biserial correlation coefficient
d. The nonlinear correlation coefficient
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 151
49. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data.
a. –0.52 c. +0.83
b. +0.52 d. +0.94
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: p. 152
104
50. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data
a. –0.68 c. –0.41
b. +0.72 d. –0.93
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: p. 152
51. If we compute a correlation on data that come only from the middle of the X distribution (restricted
range) rather than from the entire range, the correlation is likely to be _____ the correlation from the
entire range.
a. smaller than c. a little larger than
b. the same as d. a lot larger than
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 154
52. In a study about the relationship between their age and women’s attitudes about marriage, you survey
over 500 undergraduate women and calculate a Pearson correlation coefficient. What mistake have you
made?
a. You have collected too much data.
b. There is no way a woman’s attitude about marriage can affect her age.
c. You only surveyed young women in college causing a restriction of range.
d. You have used the wrong correlation coefficient the type of data.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 154
105
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Wits' End
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Illustrator: L. J. Bridgman
Language: English
BY AMY E. BLANCHARD
Illustrated by
L. J. BRIDGMAN
BOSTON
DANA ESTES & COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
Copyright, 1909
By Dana Estes & Company
"I seem to have made an impression," she said as her aunt came up.
"I didn't know strangers were such a rarity here that people stared at
them the way that man did at me. I wonder who he is and what made
him look so taken by surprise."
"Oh, I suppose he didn't know that any of the summer residents had
arrived," returned Miss Elliott, "and he wondered who you were and
where you came from. There aren't usually any summer visitors here
before the middle of June."
"I suppose that must have been it," returned Gwen, at the same time
feeling that it did not quite explain matters.
At the side door, by which it seemed they were expected to enter,
they met Ora. She turned away her head and hurried around to the
kitchen.
"What a pretty girl," said Gwen, looking after her. "Such a lovely
complexion. But, oh dear, why does she lace so painfully? Doesn't
she know wasp waists are all out of style? That they belong to the
early Victorian age and passed out with ringlets and high
foreheads?"
"She probably doesn't know," returned Miss Elliott. "I notice that
many of the girls up here still cling to the traditions of their
grandmothers in more than one direction. I have heard that one, at
least, died from the effects of tight lacing."
"Then they need a missionary as much as the heathen Chinee
does," observed Gwen as she entered the house.
She had gone out bareheaded but she tossed aside the golf-cape,
which was none too warm for out-door wear, and sat down by the
window. Miss Phenie, established in a comfortable rocking-chair,
was quite ready for a chat while she knitted a "sweaterette" as she
called it. Miss Phosie was in the kitchen getting supper, but Miss
Phenie felt that it was due to her position as elder sister to entertain
the guests rather than to give a hand to the evening's work. It was
always her attitude and one of which no one had ever heard Miss
Phosie complain. The most that she had ever done was to remark to
Almira Green: "It's very easy to be hospitable when you do the
entertaining and some one else does the work." But that was under
great provocation when the minister, the surveyor, the doctor and the
editor of The Zephyr had all arrived on the island in one day and all
had been entertained at Cap'n Ben's house because there seemed
nowhere else for them to go. On that occasion Miss Phenie, as
usual, had asserted her right to the position of hostess, and had left
Miss Phosie alone to wash the dishes as well as to get the dinner,
Ora having gone to Portland for the day.
"Well," said Almira Green to whom Miss Phosie's remark was made,
"there was Cap'n Ben to do the talking, and as they was all men I
don't see why Phenie was called upon to set with them all the time."
"I guess she thought she had to," Miss Phosie had returned with the
feeling that perhaps she had said too much.
To-day, however, there was not much reason for Miss Phenie's
presence in the kitchen, for, while Miss Phosie made the soda
biscuits Ora could be setting the table. The lobsters had been boiled
that morning, so there were only the fish and potatoes to fry, and the
preserves to be set on the table with the cake. Miss Phenie, in tight
fitting black alpaca, rocked comfortably and asked questions till
Gwen, by the window, saw Luther Williams pass. "Who is that, Miss
Phenie?" she asked. "That tall man with the serious face and the
kind eyes?"
"I guess you mean Mr. Williams. I presume he is taking his after
supper smoke. He boards with us, you know."
"Oh!" Gwen wondered why he had not appeared at the table. "Is he
a relative of yours?"
"None in the world, and we never heard that he had any. He gets a
daily paper and advertising letters sometimes, but I never knew him
to get any other mail. He's real well educated, and reads everything
he can lay his hands on, but he is a very quiet man. He never talks
much to anybody, but there ain't a kinder man living. If anybody's in
trouble he's the first on hand, and the first to put his hand in his
pocket."
"Is he a fisherman?"
"Yes. His pound is just off your point. He's been real lucky and it's
said he's right well off."
"Has he boarded with you long?"
"Ever since he came to the island; that's about twenty years now. He
came for a week's fishing, he said, and he's stayed ever since. I
never heard a word against Mr. Williams. Everybody likes him, and if
he is rather close-mouthed you don't hear him speak ill of anyone.