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Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

Chapter 08
Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The ultimate source of energy for reactions in a plant is ____.


A. glucose.
B. catabolism.
C. glycogen.
D. plants.
E. the sun.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.01.02 Outline how photosynthesis powers the biosphere.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

2. The organisms that most specifically utilize light energy to make organic molecules from
inorganic molecules are
A. photoisotrophs.
B. photohemitrophs.
C. photoautotrophs.
D. photoheterotrophs.
E. heterotrophs.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.01.02 Outline how photosynthesis powers the biosphere.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-1
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

3. ________ consume organic molecules to live.


A. Heterotrophs
B. Plants
C. Photoautotrophs
D. Hemitrophs
E. Autotrophs

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.01.02 Outline how photosynthesis powers the biosphere.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

4. In the reaction, 6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2, which side should energy be placed on?
A. The left side, this is an exergonic reaction.
B. The right side, this is an endergonic reaction.
C. The left side, this is an endergonic reaction.
D. Neither side, the reaction is in equilibrium.
E. The right side, this is an exergonic reaction.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.01.01 Write the general equations that represent the process of photosynthesis.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-2
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

5. The equation, 6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2, describes which of the following
processes?
A. aerobic respiration
B. nitrogen fixation
C. light reaction
D. photosynthesis
E. Calvin cycle

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.01.01 Write the general equations that represent the process of photosynthesis.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

6. In which organelle of the plant does photosynthesis takes place?


A. chloroplast
B. thylakoid membrane
C. mitochondria
D. mesophyll
E. grana

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.01.03 Describe the general structure of chloroplasts.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-3
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

7. The main structure for gas exchange in plants is called the


A. stomata.
B. chloroplast.
C. mesophyll.
D. root.
E. epidermis.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.01.03 Describe the general structure of chloroplasts.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8. A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear
to be blue-green. What wavelengths of visible light does this pigment reflect?
A. green, red, and violet
B. green and blue
C. blue and violet
D. red, yellow, and green
E. red and yellow

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.02.02 Describe how pigments absorb light energy and the types of pigments found in
plants and green algae.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-4
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

9. If you wanted to install lights to grow plants indoors, the type of light would you want to
us is
A. visible light, because it has non-ionizing wavelengths.
B. infrared, because it has ionizing wavelengths.
C. microwaves, because it has non-ionizing wavelengths.
D. ultraviolet, because it has ionizing wavelengths.
E. gamma rays, because it has ionizing wavelengths.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.02.01 Define the general properties of light.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

10. A green plant is first grown in blue light and then in green light. The likely outcome for
photosynthesis in both phases is
A. No plant growth in blue light and increased plant growth in green light.
B. Decreased plant growth in blue light and no plant growth in green light.
C. No plant growth in blue light and decreased plant growth in green light.
D. Increased plant growth in blue light and no plant growth in green light.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.02.02 Describe how pigments absorb light energy and the types of pigments found in
plants and green algae.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-5
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

11. The pigment responsible for the red-yellow coloration seen in leaves during the color
change in autumn is
A. porphyrin.
B. carotenoid.
C. chlorophyll a.
D. phytol.
E. chlorophyll b.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.02.02 Describe how pigments absorb light energy and the types of pigments found in
plants and green algae.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

12. NADPH is produced by


A. the Calvin cycle alone.
B. light reactions alone.
C. NADPH production is not a part of photosynthesis.
D. both light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
E. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-6
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

13. The molecules that directly convert NADP+ to NADPH is/are


A. cytochrome complex.
B. NADP reductase.
C. ferrodoxin.
D. plastocyanin.
E. RUBISCO.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

14. A comparison of mitochondria and chloroplast shows that


A. both use an increase in pH in their inner-membrane space to produce ATP.
B. both generate ATP via a H+ electrochemical gradient.
C. both use oxygen as a final electron acceptor.
D. only mitochondria contain ATP synthase.
E. they have very different electron transport protein complexes.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-7
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

15. What would happen to a plant that is treated with a chemical that prevents electrons from
moving through the electron transport chain?
A. Water would be broken down to form oxygen at a higher rate to compensate.
B. It could not produce NADP+.
C. It could no longer produce CO2.
D. More electrons would be available for the light harvesting array.
E. It could not generate an electrochemical H+ gradient across a membrane.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

16. Which of the following represents a reactant in the light reaction of photosynthesis?
A. NADPH
B. ATP
C. H2O
D. oxygen
E. carbon dioxide

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-8
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

17. What is the main role of the pigment molecules within the antenna or light-harvesting
complex?
A. Pass electrons to the electron transport chain and then to NADPH.
B. Absorb photons and transfer light energy to the reaction center chlorophyll.
C. Increase H+ concentration in the stroma.
D. Synthesize NADPH.
E. Oxidize water and release oxygen to the reaction center chlorophyll.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.03.01 Describe how the light-harvesting complex absorbs light energy and how it is
transferred via resonance energy transfer.
Section: 08.03 Molecular Features of Photosystems
Topic: Photosynthesis

18. The process that forms the electrochemical gradient during photosynthesis is the
A. pumping of H+ into the thylakoid lumen.
B. production of H+ in the stroma during NADPH production.
C. movement of water by osmosis.
D. hydrolysis of ATP.
E. production of water from oxygen in the thylakoid lumen.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.03.02 Diagram the path of electron flow through photosystem II.
Section: 08.03 Molecular Features of Photosystems
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-9
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

19. Mutation of molecules in photosystem I but not photosystem II would lead a plant cell to

A. produce O2, ATP, and NADPH


B. produce CO2 and ATP
C. produce ATP and NADP+
D. produce O2, ATP, and NADP+
E. produce ATP and NADPH

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

20. Which portion of the photosynthetic apparatus absorbs light?


A. NADP reductase
B. both photosystem I and photosystem II
C. photosystem II
D. photosystem I
E. both photosystem I and NADP reductase

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-10
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

21. How might a plant cope with the fact that the Calvin cycle uses more ATP than NADPH,
yet produces roughly the same amount of both energy intermediates in photosystems I and II?

A. More pigment can be rapidly created for greater photosynthetic capacity, producing equal
amounts of ATP and NADPH.
B. Increase the electrochemical gradient for H+ across the thylakoid membrane, producing
more ATP but not NADPH.
C. Plants often increase the amount of NADP reductase, thereby increasing NADPH
production to match ATP output.
D. Electron flow rate can be increased, increasing both ATP and NADPH production.
E. Photosynthesis can revert from a noncyclic to cyclic electron flow, producing more ATP
than NADPH.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.02.04 Explain the process of cyclic photophosphorylation in which only ATP is made.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

22. Where does the Calvin cycle occur?


A. thylakoid membrane
B. chloroplast stroma
C. chloroplast outer membrane
D. chloroplast inner membrane
E. thylakoid lumen

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.04.01 Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-11
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

23. Both ATP and NADPH are required for


A. both the light reaction and Calvin cycle.
B. neither the light reaction nor the Calvin cycle.
C. the light reaction only.
D. electron transport through the thylakoid membrane.
E. the Calvin cycle only.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.04.01 Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

24. Using 14CO2 as a radioactive tracer, which molecule would be the last to incorporate 14C
within the Calvin cycle?
A. 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG)
B. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
C. rubisco
D. ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)
E. 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG)

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze


LO: 08.04.02 Explain how Calvin and Benson identified the components of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-12
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

Check All That Apply Questions

25. Molecules that are required for the Calvin cycle include: Check all that apply.
_____ H2O.
__X__ CO2.
__X__ NADPH.
__X__ rubisco.
__X__ ATP.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.04.01 Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

26. Products of the Calvin cycle include: Check all that apply.
__X__ NADP+
__X__ Pi
__X__ ADP
__X__ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
_____ NADPH

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.04.01 Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-13
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice Questions

27. Photorespiration
A. uses a 3-carbon sugar precursor to produce oxygen.
B. requires CO2.
C. tends to occur under dry and hot conditions.
D. uses the enzyme PEP carboxylase rather than rubisco to produce 3-phosphoglycerate.
E. occurs in C4 plants.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.05.01 Explain the concept of photorespiration.
Section: 08.05 Variations in Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

28. Succulent plants such as cacti or pineapple


A. continually produce sugar, both day and night under hot, arid conditions.
B. tend to undergo substantial rates of photorespiration.
C. produce 4-carbon malate in the first step of carbon fixation.
D. are highly efficient at photosynthesis in cooler and wet environments.
E. are C3 plants.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.05.02 Describe how C4 and CAM plants avoid photorespiration and conserve water.
Section: 08.05 Variations in Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-14
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

29. CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants such as cacti differ from standard C4 plants
such as corn in which of the following ways?
A. CAM plants minimize photorespiration whereas C4 plants do not.
B. CAM plants are more efficient at producing sugar than C4 plants regardless of
environmental conditions.
C. CAM plants use both mesophyll and bundle sheath leaf cells for photosynthesis whereas
C4 plants do not.
D. CAM plants produce a 4-carbon molecule in the first step of carbon fixation, but C4 plants
do not.
E. CAM plants are limited to producing CO2 for the Calvin cycle during the day, while C4
plants produce CO2 for the Calvin cycle both during the day and at night.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.05.02 Describe how C4 and CAM plants avoid photorespiration and conserve water.
Section: 08.05 Variations in Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

30. The primary advantage C4 plants have over C3 plants is that


A. C4 plants can produce sugars more efficiently than C3 plants under cool, wet conditions.
B. C4 plants minimize photorespiration compared with C3 plants.
C. relative to C3 plants, C4 plants can keep their stomata open more frequently to limit water
evaporation.
D. C4 plants can produce CO2 needed for sugar production in the Calvin cycle more
efficiently than C3 plants.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.05.02 Describe how C4 and CAM plants avoid photorespiration and conserve water.
Section: 08.05 Variations in Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-15
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

True / False Questions

31. The rate of photosynthesis is much greater in green light than red light.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.02.02 Describe how pigments absorb light energy and the types of pigments found in
plants and green algae.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

32. Photons from light can boost an electron to a higher energy state.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.02.01 Define the general properties of light.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

33. Harnessing light and splitting water occurs in both photosystem I and II.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-16
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

34. The Calvin cycle is only capable of fixing carbon dioxide in the dark.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.04.01 Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

35. In hot and arid environments, plants that maximize photorespiration produce the most
sugars.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.05.01 Explain the concept of photorespiration.
Section: 08.05 Variations in Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice Questions

36. If a C3 plant that normally closes its stomata during hot, dry conditions were triggered to
open them instead, the most likely outcome would be that
A. more chlorophyll is made, increasing the rate of photosynthesis.
B. CO2 enters the leaf, decreasing the rate of photosynthesis.
C. glucose leaves the leaf, increasing the rate of photosynthesis.
D. O2 enters the leaf, increasing the rate of photosynthesis.
E. water leaves the leaf, decreasing the rate of photosynthesis.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate


LO: 08.01.01 Write the general equations that represent the process of photosynthesis.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-17
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

37. In the reaction, 6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2, carbon dioxide is being ____.
A. phosphorylated
B. condensed
C. reduced
D. hydrolyzed
E. oxidized

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.04.01 Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

38. The purpose of the light reaction is to produce ____.


A. ATP and oxygen
B. glucose and NADPH
C. oxygen and glucose
D. NADPH and ATP
E. carbon dioxide and ATP

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.01.04 Explain how photosynthesis occurs in two phases: the light reactions and
carbon fixation.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-18
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

39. When NADP+ _____ electrons in the light reaction it is ______ forming NADPH.
A. donates, reduced
B. donates, hydrolyzed
C. accepts, reduced
D. donates, oxidized
E. accepts, oxidized

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

40. Plants require a lot of water for transpiration, metabolism, and photosynthesis. How is
water used in photosynthesis?
A. To combine with ADP forming ATP
B. To combine with NADP+ to form NADPH
C. As a substrate for ATP synthase
D. As an electron donor
E. As an electron acceptor

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-19
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

41. When NADPH _____ electrons in the Calvin cycle it is ______, forming NADP+.
A. donates, hydrolyzed
B. donates, reduced
C. accepts, reduced
D. donates, oxidized
E. accepts, oxidized

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.04.01 Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

42. What will happen to the pH inside a thylakoid that is exposed to light?
A. It will decrease
B. It will increase
C. It will not change

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

43. A thylakoid that is placed in a basic solution will synthesize ATP. How is this possible?
A. The carbon reactions are blocked in the thylakoid at high pH.
B. An electron gradient is created by the difference in pH.
C. ATP cannot be broken down at low pH.
D. ATP is formed spontaneously at low pH.
E. A proton gradient is created by the difference in pH.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-20
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

44. The purpose of the light reaction is to produce ____.


A. CO2 and ATP
B. O2, ATP, and NADPH
C. ATP and NADP+
D. ATP and NADPH
E. O2, ATP, and NADP+

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.02.03 Outline the steps in which photosystem II and I capture light energy and
produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

45. A plant performing photosynthesis will produce ____ and consume _____.
A. carbon dioxide, oxygen
B. carbon dioxide, water
C. water, carbon dioxide
D. oxygen, water
E. oxygen, carbon dioxide

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.03.03 Explain how O2 is produced by photosystem II.
Section: 08.03 Molecular Features of Photosystems
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-21
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

46. A C4 plant minimizes photorespiration by


A. stomata that are only opened at night, storing carbon dioxide in malate, and releasing
carbon dioxide during the day.
B. having the light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so carbon dioxide
does not come into contact with rubisco.
C. having the light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not
come into contact with rubisco.
D. stomata that are only opened at night, storing oxygen in malate, and releasing oxygen
during the day.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.05.02 Describe how C4 and CAM plants avoid photorespiration and conserve water.
Section: 08.05 Variations in Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

47. A plant becomes dried out when


A. stomata open, decreasing gas exchange.
B. stomata open, increasing gas exchange.
C. stomata close, increasing gas exchange.
D. stomata close, decreasing gas exchange.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand


LO: 08.01.01 Write the general equations that represent the process of photosynthesis.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-22
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

48. Energy is carried from the light reaction to the carbon reaction by __________.
A. NADPH
B. oxygen
C. water
D. ATP
E. NADP+

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.01.04 Explain how photosynthesis occurs in two phases: the light reactions and
carbon fixation.
Section: 08.01 Overview of Photosynthesis
Topic: Photosynthesis

49. Blue light has ___ energy than red light and is ____ by a green leaf.
A. less, absorbed
B. less, reflected
C. more, reflected
D. more, absorbed

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.02.01 Define the general properties of light.
Section: 08.02 Reactions That Harness Light Energy
Topic: Photosynthesis

50. CO2 binds to ____ in the Calvin cycle.


A. photosystem II
B. glucose
C. NADPH
D. water
E. ribulose bisphosphate

Blooms Level: 1. Remember


LO: 08.04.02 Explain how Calvin and Benson identified the components of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-23
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

51. When Calvin injected 14C labeled CO2 into cultures of green algae, which of the
following was observed because the molecule accepting the CO2 was unstable?
A. Radioactivity first appeared in glucose
B. Radioactivity first appeared in ribulose bisphosphate
C. Radioactivity appeared last in ribulose bisphosphate
D. Radioactivity first appeared in 3-phosphoglycerate
E. Radioactivity appeared last in 3-phosphoglycerate
F. Radioactivity appeared last in glucose

Review the role of rubisco mentioned in section 8.5.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze


LO: 08.04.02 Explain how Calvin and Benson identified the components of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

52. When Calvin injected 14C labeled CO2 into cultures of green algae, what led him to
conclude that rubisco adds CO2 to ribulose bisphopshate in the Calvin cycle?
A. Radioactivity appeared last in 3-phosphoglycerate
B. Radioactivity first appeared in ribulose bisphosphate
C. Radioactivity first appeared in 3-phosphoglycerate
D. Radioactivity appeared last in ribulose bisphosphate
E. Radioactivity appeared last in glucose
F. Radioactivity first appeared in glucose

Review the role of rubisco mentioned in section 8.5.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze


LO: 08.04.02 Explain how Calvin and Benson identified the components of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-24
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 08 - Photosynthesis

53. Which molecules used during the Calvin cycle could be used by a cell in a reduction
reaction?
A. Water
B. ATP
C. H+
D. NADPH
E. NADP+

Blooms Level: 3. Apply


LO: 08.04.01 Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
Section: 08.04 Synthesizing Carbohydrates via the Calvin Cycle
Topic: Photosynthesis

8-25
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
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Title: Runoja

Author: Lars Stenbäck

Translator: Yrjö Weijola

Release date: September 21, 2023 [eBook #71697]

Language: Finnish

Original publication: Helsinki: Otava, 1900

Credits: Juhani Kärkkäinen and Tapio Riikonen

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RUNOJA ***


RUNOJA

Kirj.

Lars Stenbäck

Suomentanut

Yrjö Weijola

Helsingissä, Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, 1900.

SISÄLLYS.
I.

Kirje ystävälleni.
Anna.
Lemmikki.
Aamutervehdys.
G. F. J. Adlercreutz.
Rakkaus.
Aamunkoitto.
Meri.
Runebergille.
Matkamuistelmia:
1. Hyvästi.
2. Tukholma.
3. Tervehdys Upsalalle.
4. Skon luostari.
Katkelmia.
Eräs yö.
Tyttö.
Sanat Maisterinvihkiäisissä 1836.
Ylioppilas-laulu.
H. G. Porthanin muistojuhlassa.
Mun oma Suomenmaani.
Tähti.
Juhana Vilhelm Snellmanille.

II.

Öisiä säveleitä:
1. Juomingit.
2. Huokaus.
3. Murheelle.
4. Hyvää yötä.
5. Katumus.
Aamu.
Sointuja.
Tytön rukous.
Heränneen huokaus.
Pois pelkosi!
Johannes.
Keväthuokaus.
Sentään.
Eräs päivä.
Radegundis.
Beeda.
Kevätaamu.
Lyydian kehtolaulu.
Sureva ystävä.
Kuoleman kuvia.
Lutherin Postillaan.
Oi tokkohan?
Hyvästi.
Uudenvuoden-laulu.
Luontokappalten huokaus.
Lähetyslaulu.
Iltarukous.
Epiloogi.

LIITE.

Rukouksia ensi kertaa käydessäni Herran ehtoollisella.


Suomi hädässä.
Kysymyksiä.
Psalmi.
Vastaus vanhalle Puutarhurille.
Jälkilause.

Mä olin häkkiin koonnut lintusia;


Niit' yksikseni aioin holhoella
Ja tarkoin piskuisia puolustella
Niin vastaan viimaa kuin myös huuhkaimia.
Mut luonnon raitis elo mieless' aina
Mun luotani ne pyysi poijes lentää.
Ne tahtoi lehdon siimeksehen entää,
Miss' laulut vapaat kaikui riemukkaina.
Kun kerran taas loi päivä säteheitä.
Ja kirkkahana hohti joka loukko,
Ne kysyi: "Vieläkö sä pidät meitä?"
Mä silloin närkästyin ja virkoin, houkko:
"En jaksa enkä viitsi nähdä teitä;
Siis lähde joutuin lentoon, kurja joukko!"

I.

Kirje ystävälleni.

Linnut laulelevat, ja mielellä lempijän nuoren


Nousevi aurinko taas öiseltä vuoteheltaan;
Katsovi loistavin silmin ja tervehtii hymyellen
Vuoria, laaksoja maan, riemua, minuakin.
Oi ken saattaiskaan valon loistossa synkkänä vaiti
Miettiä murheissaan päivän vaivoja vaan?
Kaikki, mi ilmassa on sekä kaikki mi liikkuvi maassa
Herännyt nauttimahan on elon hehkumataan.
Kirjat nurkkahan nyt, väkiviisahat, mahtavat, paksut;
Unta on viisaus tuo, usvana haihtuu se pois.
Mutta mun katsettain elo, aamu ja aurinko kohtaa,
Aamu ja aurinko vaan, kunne ma silmäni luon.
Suo mun riemuita siis! Kuin joutsen pinnalla lahden
Niin minun sieluni myös riemussa, onnessa ui;
Rintani käy kepeäks, sydän elämän onnea uhkuin
Lämmin ja ylpeä on, tulta ja tarmoa täys.
Sykkiös polttava, kohta jo riutuva rinta, kun vielä
Riemu ja ystävät kaikk', onni ja laulu on sun!

Terve! kun aamuisin elo unten usvasta herää,


Herää uutena taas riemuni rinnassa mun.
Tuota mun enkeliäin oi säästäkää, aattehet maiset,
Jotka niin hiljalleen jäähän peitätte sen
Kaiken, mi noin sulosilmässään kuvan taivahan kantaa,
Kaiken mi katsehen luo maahan ja taivohonkin.
Tietää en tahdo, mit' on se, sill' et jumalallista, pyhää
Kaikkea ymmärtää järkeni kurja sä voi.
Mut kuni kukkasenkin salakätkössä piilevi tuoksu,
Piilköhön mullakin niin taivahan tunnelma tuo!
Lapsi jos ain' olisin, niin rinnassa riemukin aina,
Vieras taivahien, kernaasti viihtyä vois.

Terve! kun aamuisin elo unten usvasta herää,


Herää rinnassa mun ystävän kaihoni myös.
Kaunis oot sinä maa, niin kaunis on kukkiva otsas,
Lempivä aavistus hehkuvi rinnassa mun;
Mut tuo kuollutt' on kaikki, on pois elähyttävä paiste,
Ellei vierellä mun lemmitty ystävä oo;
Lemmitty ystävä, ken mun riemuni jakaa ja silmin
Hellin ja uskollisin katsovi silmihin mun.
Oi, ken ei halajais elon kaltaat kalseat heittää,
Syöksyä onnessaan sylihin ystävän niin?
Oi, ken saattaiskaan elon pitkät puhtehet kestää
Yksin piirissä maan, yksin usvissa yön?
Kun sinä Luojani loit noin rintani lempeä täyteen,
Myös ikirunsahan soit riemun sa kaihoavan,
Niin sinun maailmaas, elämää sen lempiä tahdon,
Joukossa ihmisien toimia, minkä ma voin;
Uskollisna ma siis ilomielin ja luottaen riennän
Sieluni lemmityn nyt syliini sulkemahan,
Puristan kättä ja lämmitän rintaa ja värjyvin äänin
Kuiskaan korvahan sen: ystävä, kaikkeni saat!
— Vaikk' kiven ois kova hän tai kylmä kuin talvinen hanki,
Rintansa rinnasta mun pehmenis, lämpeniskin;
Niin kuin Pygmalion elonvoimalla lempensä liekin
Marmoripatsaaseen tuntehen, elämän loi.
Ah, miks haastelen noin sulo-onnesta, rakkaudesta
Niin kuni sopertelee lapsonen uupumaton?
Jos sinut vaan minä nään, jos suoriin silmihis katson,
Kaikkipa kalveten taas sortuvi tuhkaksi maan.
Taistella tahdomme ain' sen eestä, mi totta ja hyvää,
Taistella, ystävä oi, toimia, kuollakin myös!

Terve! kun aamuisin elo unten usvasta herää,


Herää laulukin myös hetkeksi helkkymähän.
Mut vähä-arvoist' on toki laulujen haihtuva leikki,
Pientä ja turhaa on lapsen se riemua vaan;
Aattehen miehentyöt, vakavuus syvän, miettivän mielen
Kuuluu miehelle, min luontona on vakavuus.
Joskus mietin mä näin; mut pois, pois haltijat mustat,
Jotka mun Eedenihin' tungette turmioks sen!
Enkö mä onnekas oo? Elon' on kevätpäivyen kirkas,
Kun runon aurinko sen kultahan, loistohon luo!
Enkö mä riemuiten satumailla mun syömmeni viihdy,
Sinnehän kaihoni käy, sinnehän tieni on sees;
Lapsena riemuiten, kuninkaana, mi vallassa istuin
Katsovi ylpeillen maita ja maisemiaan?
Oi, joka ihmissielussa on runolempi, hän vaikka
Ei sitä tiedäkkään, ei sitä aattelekaan.
Kaikki, mi sieluhun luo kevätpäivän paistetta, kaikki,
Mist' elo maireheks käy tai povi paisuelee,
Kaikki se on runoutta, sit' ilman ois elo harmaa,
Mut sitä kaikkiall' on, niin kuni päivyttä on.

Laulun laulanut oon minä auerhetkenä aamun,


Kunnes aurinko on noussut loistava taas.
Riemu ja Laulu ja Rakkaus on sisaruksia aamun,
Loistossa viihtyy ne sen, sammua voi kera sen.
Kunnes harhaillen ne rinnasta haihtuvat, suokoot
Rauhaa, viileyttään, ystävä, sullekin myös.
Hetken tuutia sai mua laulun sointuvat laineet,
Tuutios niillä sä myös huoleti tuokio niin;
Solminut seppelen oon, min kohta jo kukkaset kuihtuu,
Ennenkuin kuihtuvat ne, ystävä, sulle sen suon.
Anna.

Miksi kiedoit kätes kaulahain?


Miksi suudelman niin hellän sain?
Miksi ryöstit rauhan
Sekä rakkauden rinnastain?

Korkeammalle mä tavoitin
Kuin sun suudelmiin ja sylihin;
Uljaamp' oli toimi,
Jonka nuorin voimin aavistin.

Lemmen ansio niin heikko on,


Lemmen haave kurja, arvoton.
Tuhlata en tahdo
Elämääni uneen onttohon.

Katso, miestä kutsuu maineen tie,


Aina avoin hälle, missä lie;
Vihdoin laaker'kruunun
Vapaana hän voittonansa vie.

Uljas into rinnan rohkaistun!


Ollos sä vaan perintönä mun,
Niin mä hiljaan heitän
Rakkauden sulo haaveilun. —

Ei, oi tullos jälleen luokseni


Hurjan rintain armas toveri!
Korkeint' aavistustain
Olet sinä aina korkeempi.
Silmäs ruskeathan säihkyää
Kaikelle, mik' eloss' ylevää!
Otsas puhtaudessaan
Lailla sinitaivaan välkähtää!

Sin' oot sielu nuoren elämäin;


Vahvista siis, nosta henkeäin!
Tähti olet mulle;
Yö ja usvat aja mielestäin!

Lapsuuslempi, nuoruusmorsian,
Suo mun kuulla huultes puhuvan;
Oi! Se mulle soi kuin
Unhoitettu käsky Jumalan.

Lemmikki.

[Kukka, jonka nimi ruotsiksi on "Förgät mig ej" s.o.


"Ällös unhoita minua".]

Vaikk' olen pieni kukka vain,


Niin toimen autuaan mä sain:
On hoidossani lempi.
Kun moni hylkää armahan,
Mä silloin hälle muistutan,
Kuin ennen muinoin lempi hän,
Ja armas häntä hempi.
On toivon väri mulla; ja
Kun armas eroo armaasta
Suon lohdun murheesensa.
Heill' on vain yksi rukous,
Heill' on vain yksi toivomus;
Mun tulkitsemaan tunteitaan
Suo armas armaallensa.

Kun joskus armas kysyy näin:


"Oi mitä miettii ystäväin,
Viel' elääkö hän mulle?"
Niin rinnall' armaan lempivän
Mä kuiskaan toivon lämpimän:
Mua katso, uskollisin, vain,
Mä lausunhan sen sulle.

Mut kun hän päivät kauttaaltaan


Odottanut on pelvoissaan
Ja turhaan armastansa;
Kun silmän kastaa kyynele,
Mi vuotaa toivon haudalle,
Niin jälleen toivon sytytän
Mä hänen rintahansa.

Aamutervehdys.

Oi terve taivas, terve maa, mi nyt


Säteilet kainon morsiamen lailla!
Ma nään, kuin sykkii poves lämminnyt;
Häälaulus kuulen hattaroiden mailla.
Taas sydän elpyy ja tuo pitkä kaipuu
Kuin talven hanget kevään tullen haipuu.
Kas, muistot armaat aikain mennehitten
Nään aamu-autereessa väikkyvän.- —
Oi tullos, tullos ystävän'!

Kun päivyt nousi neitsytvuoteeltaan,


Tuo kultakutri, niin kuin nyt, ja paloi
Eloa, nuoruutta, ja tuoksujaan
Tuhannet kukat kunniaks sen valoi;
Kun elon tenho tuli meille ilmin
Ja meitä kahta katsoi kirkkain silmin;
Niin silloin käsityksin seistiin kerran
Helossa aamun poskin hehkuisin
Ja silmin tulta, säihkyvin.

Kuin mainetöistä silloin haaveiltiin!


Kuin hehkui sielu, sykki sydän siellä!
Vakaasti vannoimme me kaksi niin
Kaikk' ilot, surut jakaa elon tiellä.
Oi, suloist' on, kun silmät rakkaat loistaa
Ja omat toiveet kaksinkerroin toistaa,
Ja elon suuri temppeli on auki;
Oi rohkeus, oi riemu! tarmo, työ,
Mist' ytimet ja suonet lyö!

Sä kevään tuuli lämmin, vapaa ain',


Hajoita mielest' usvapilvet multa!
Jo miehuus, lämpö herää rinnassain
Ja sinne koittaa kirkas päivän kulta.
Voit, kevät, mulle entisriemut antaa;
Kuin ennen vuorelta taas aamunrantaa
Mä tervehdin ja katson päivää uutta.
Niin täynnä elonintoa se on
Ja kultasäteit' auringon!

G. F. J. Adlercreutz.

Päivyt loistaen
Katsoo hymyillen
Yli meren, maan.
Murtunut vaan rinta
On, kun rakkahinta
Itken ystävätä haudallaan.

Lapsuus-laaksomme
Kun oi' linnamme,
Rauhan rakas maa;
Turvana sa mulle
Turvana ma sulle
Elon tahdoimme me alottaa.

Miehuus, toivo kun


Veress' uhkui sun,
Mieles suuriin nous;
Oi, juur' silloin valoon
Taivaan tähtitaloon
Herran luo sun nuori henkes nous.
Kuollut? ystäväin
Ainoo, ja mä jäin,
Ainoo, armahin!
Kuollut — kylmä multa
Nytkö henkes tulta
Sammuttaa, mi äsken hehkui niin?

Siteet rakkahat
Kaikki katkeevat;
Herra elää vaan.
Kun kaikk' ystävämme
Katoo viereltämme,
Oi, ken yksin jäädä tahtoiskaan?

Rakkaus.

Niin kuin yössä rämisten


Katkes kieli kantelen
Äkkiä, ja ääni särkyi
Valittain ja vaikeni;
Niinpä käsi salainen
Katkoi lemmen sitehen,
Joka minun sisimpäni
Sinuun, armas, kahlehti.

Katson vaiti kaiholla


Sijaa tyhjää, kallista,
Missä lempen' loistoss' eli
Kerran kirkas kuva sun.
Kun ma kautta kyynelveen
Katson haudan tyhjyyteen,
Tuskan äärettömän huokaus
Tunkee kautta rinnan mun.

Yhä vielä mulle näyt,


Yhä vieressäni käyt
Niin kuin ennen, mutta haamu
Oot vain aikain entisten.
Kuollut! äänin kaihokkain
Tunne huutaa rinnassain;
Mutta silmissäni elät,
Niinkuin ennen, eellehen.

Rakastaa vai vihata


Tuota kuvaa tuttua?
Itkeekö vai nauttii sydän
Unest' havahduttuaan?
Saitko siis sa multa vain
Elos tuon, mun tuntemain?
Vihassako siitä kuolit
Elääkses nyt muille vain?

Kaikist’ antimista maan


Rakkaus on parhain vaan,
Niinhän sille riemahdellen
Ihmislasten laulu soi.
Että lempi kurjan maan,
Murhaa, valhetta on vaan,
Jonka heelmä ain' on tuska —
Haa! kuink' ymmärtää sen voi?
Aamunkoitto.

Niinkuin kuningatar vertaa vailla


Kuuhut loisti taivaan tähtimailla
Neitseellisnä hohtain, hymyillen.
Kummut hopeaisen hohdon loivat;
Laakson kukat hiljaa unelmoivat,
Autuaina lapsen lailla, taivaan
Riemuista ja leikeist' enkelten.

Haaveidensa kuutamoiseen kehtoon


Sielu lensi unelmainsa lehtoon,
Loistoon ihmehien tuhanten.
Ja kun nukkui maa, kun tähdet lensi,
Kuvat kauniit kaukaa rintaan ensi
Niinkuin siskot, satuja ne kertoi
Kultamaastaan päältä pilvien.

Mutta luona puron hopeaisen,


Alla koivukummun varjoovaisen
Mökki yksin laakson rauhass' on.
Näytti niin, kuin luonto sen ois luonut,
Kaunistukseks hiljaisuuteen suonut
Maiseman, ja kuuhut kirkkain sätein
Leikki lehväsillä koivikon.

Siellä hiipi aamun auvetessa,


Lännen tuulen vielä nukkuessa
Aksel alle armaan ikkunan.
Seisahtui ja viipyi seinämällä;
Mutta vaiti viel' on kaikki hällä.
Hiljaa löi hän ruutuun kerran, kaksi,
Lausui tervehdykseks armahan:

"Aune, Aune, nouse vuoteeltasi;


Tullos, tullos luo sun armahasi,
Morsioni, toivo sydämein!
Nähdä suo, kuin hellä silmäs päilyy,
Nähdä suo, kuin tummat kutris häilyy
Hulmuellen yli otsas puhtaan.
Tullos nuori, kaunis ruususein!

Äsken näin ma kyyhkyn viattoman


Luoksein liitävän niin sulosoman,
Ja se laskeutui mun jalkoihin.
Sen kun näin, kun sitä katsoin minä,
Hurskas lintu olit armas sinä.
Oi, mut kaikki, kaikki, vaan oi' unta,
Pois se lensi, ah, sen kadotin.

Miksi sykit niin sä hurja rinta?


Riemua vai tuskaa katkerinta
On, mi sydän raukkaa ahdistaa?
Kaunis maa, oot sama ajan mennen;
Konsaan huomannut en sentään ennen
Aunen majan luona lämpimätä
Liekkiä, jot' uhkuu taivas, maa.

Aune, Aune, nouse vuoteeltasi,


Tullos, tullos luo sun armahasi,
Morsioni, toivo sydämen'!
Peippoin virttä lehdot, laaksot kaikuu,
Leivo lentää, ilman ääret raikuu,

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